TY - JOUR A1 - Reusser, Dominik Edwin A1 - Zehe, Erwin T1 - Low-cost monitoring of snow height and thermal properties with inexpensive temperature sensors JF - Hydrological processes N2 - Small, self-recording temperature sensors were installed at several heights along a metal rod at five locations in a case study catchment. For each sensor, the presence or absence of snow cover was determined on the basis of its insulating effect and the resulting reduction of the diurnal temperature oscillations. Sensor coverage was then converted into a time series of snow height for each location. Additionally, cold content was calculated. Snow height and cold content provide valuable information for spring flood prediction. Good agreement of estimated snow heights with reference measurements was achieved and increased discharge in the study catchment coincided with low cold content of the snow cover. The results of the proposed distributed assessment of snow cover and snow state show great potential for (i) flood warning, (ii) assimilation of snow state data and (iii) modelling snowmelt process. KW - snow measurements KW - cold content KW - temperature index approach KW - heat diffusion KW - temperature Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7937 SN - 0885-6087 SN - 1099-1085 VL - 25 IS - 12 SP - 1841 EP - 1852 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rainer, Edda M. A1 - Seppey, Christophe Victor William A1 - Hammer, Caroline A1 - Svenning, Mette M. A1 - Tveit, Alexander Tosdal T1 - The influence of above-ground herbivory on the response of Arctic soil methanotrophs to increasing CH4 concentrations and temperatures JF - Microorganisms : open access journal N2 - Rising temperatures in the Arctic affect soil microorganisms, herbivores, and peatland vegetation, thus directly and indirectly influencing microbial CH4 production. It is not currently known how methanotrophs in Arctic peat respond to combined changes in temperature, CH4 concentration, and vegetation. We studied methanotroph responses to temperature and CH4 concentration in peat exposed to herbivory and protected by exclosures. The methanotroph activity was assessed by CH4 oxidation rate measurements using peat soil microcosms and a pure culture of Methylobacter tundripaludum SV96, qPCR, and sequencing of pmoA transcripts. Elevated CH4 concentrations led to higher CH4 oxidation rates both in grazed and exclosed peat soils, but the strongest response was observed in grazed peat soils. Furthermore, the relative transcriptional activities of different methanotroph community members were affected by the CH4 concentrations. While transcriptional responses to low CH4 concentrations were more prevalent in grazed peat soils, responses to high CH4 concentrations were more prevalent in exclosed peat soils. We observed no significant methanotroph responses to increasing temperatures. We conclude that methanotroph communities in these peat soils respond to changes in the CH4 concentration depending on their previous exposure to grazing. This "conditioning " influences which strains will thrive and, therefore, determines the function of the methanotroph community. KW - methanotroph KW - methane oxidation KW - pmoA amplicon sequencing KW - Methylobacter KW - grazing pressure KW - peat soil microcosms KW - temperature KW - Arctic Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102080 SN - 2076-2607 VL - 9 IS - 10 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER -