TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kolyvushko, Oleksandr
A1  - Latzke, Juliane
A1  - Dahmani, Ismail
A1  - Osterrieder, Nikolaus
A1  - Chiantia, Salvatore
A1  - Azab, Walid
T1  - Differentially-charged liposomes interact with alphaherpesviruses and interfere with virus entry
JF  - Pathogens
N2  - Exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane is induced by infection with several members of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. There is evidence that PS is used by the equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) during entry, but the exact role of PS and other phospholipids in the entry process remains unknown. Here, we investigated the interaction of differently charged phospholipids with virus particles and determined their influence on infection. Our data show that liposomes containing negatively charged PS or positively charged DOTAP (N-[1-(2,3-Dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium) inhibited EHV-1 infection, while neutral phosphatidylcholine (PC) had no effect. Inhibition of infection with PS was transient, decreased with time, and was dose dependent. Our findings indicate that both cationic and anionic phospholipids can interact with the virus and reduce infectivity, while, presumably, acting through different mechanisms. Charged phospholipids were found to have antiviral effects and may be used to inhibit EHV-1 infection.
KW  - alphaherpesvirus
KW  - EHV-1
KW  - phosphatidylserine
KW  - inhibition
KW  - pathogen host
KW  - interaction
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050359
SN  - 2076-0817
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gianelli, Claudia
A1  - Kühne, Katharina
A1  - Lo Presti, Sara
A1  - Mencaraglia, Silvia
A1  - Dalla Volta, Riccardo
T1  - Action processing in the motor system
BT  - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) evidence of shared mechanisms in the visual and linguistic modalities
JF  - Brain and cognition : a journal of experimental and clinical research
N2  - In two experiments, we compared the dynamics of corticospinal excitability when processing visually or linguistically presented tool-oriented hand actions in native speakers and sequential bilinguals. In a third experiment we used the same procedure to test non-motor, low-level stimuli, i.e. scrambled images and pseudo-words.
Stimuli were presented in sequence: pictures (tool + tool-oriented hand action or their scrambled counterpart) and words (tool noun + tool-action verb or pseudo-words). Experiment 1 presented German linguistic stimuli to native speakers, while Experiment 2 presented English stimuli to non-natives. Experiment 3 tested Italian native speakers. Single-pulse trascranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) was applied to the left motor cortex at five different timings: baseline, 200 ms after tool/noun onset, 150, 350 and 500 ms after hand/verb onset with motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles. 
We report strong similarities in the dynamics of corticospinal excitability across the visual and linguistic modalities. MEPs' suppression started as early as 150 ms and lasted for the duration of stimulus presentation (500 ms). Moreover, we show that this modulation is absent for stimuli with no motor content. Overall, our study supports the notion of a core, overarching system of action semantics shared by different modalities.
KW  - TMS
KW  - motor cortex
KW  - action observation
KW  - action language
KW  - motor
KW  - inhibition
KW  - motor-evoked potentials
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2019.105510
SN  - 0278-2626
SN  - 1090-2147
VL  - 139
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  -