TY - JOUR A1 - Schuster, Dirk T1 - Exclusive border crossing considerations on exclusive, inner-religious demarcations JF - Interdisciplinary journal for religion and transformation in contemporary society : J-RaT N2 - From 1933, the inner Protestant 'German Christians Church Movement' from Thuringia took control over some Protestant regional churches in Germany. For the German Christians the main motives of their agitation were the creation of a 'volkisch' belief system based on race, Christianity and 'dejudaization' (of Christianity).
Based on the theoretical considerations of spaces, boundaries and exclusion, the article uses the example of the German Christians to show under which conditions individuals are denied entry into an imaginary religious space. 'Exclusivist border crossings,' as this phenomena is named here on the theoretical perspective, can explain how religious arguments exclude people from entering a religious space such as salvation when the access criteria are linked to birth-related conditions. KW - space KW - border KW - social imaginaries KW - race KW - Third Reich KW - Protestantism Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.30965/23642807-00502009 SN - 2365-3140 SN - 2364-2807 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 469 EP - 492 PB - Brill CY - Leiden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pätzig, Marlene A1 - Kalettka, Thomas A1 - Onandia, Gabriela A1 - Balla, Dagmar A1 - Lischeid, Gunnar T1 - How much information do we gain from multiple-year sampling in natural pond research? JF - Limnologica : ecology and management of inland waters N2 - Natural ponds are perceived as spatially and temporally highly variable ecosystems. This perception is in contrast to the often-applied sampling design with high spatial but low temporal replication. Based on a data set covering a period of six years and 20 permanently to periodically inundated ponds, we investigated whether this widely applied sampling design is sufficient to identify differences between single ponds or single years with regard to water quality and macrophyte community composition as measures of ecosystem integrity. In our study, the factor "pond", which describes differences between individual ponds, explained 56 % and 63 %, respectively, of the variance in water quality and macrophyte composition. In contrast, the factor "year" that refers to changes between individual years, contributed less to understand the observed variability in water quality and macrophyte composition (10 % and 7 % respectively, of the variance explained). The low explanation of variance for "year" and the low year-to-year correlation for the single water quality parameter or macrophyte coverage values, respectively, indicated high but non-consistent temporal variability affecting individual pond patterns. In general, the results largely supported the ability of the widely applied sampling strategy with about one sampling date per year to capture differences in water quality and macrophyte community composition between ponds. Hence, future research can be rest upon sampling designs that give more weight to the number of ponds than the number of years in dependence on the research question and the available resources. Nonetheless, pond research would miss a substantial amount of information (7 to 10 % of the variance explained), when the sampling would generally be restricted to one year. Moreover, we expect that the importance of multiple-year sampling will likely increase in periods and regions of higher hydrological variability compared to the average hydrological conditions encountered in the studied period. KW - water quality KW - macrophytes KW - space KW - time KW - kettle holes KW - conservation Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2019.125728 SN - 0075-9511 SN - 1873-5851 VL - 80 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eydam, Ulrich Leonard A1 - Gabriadze, Irakli T1 - Institutional development in transition economies BT - the role of institutional experience JF - Post-Soviet affairs N2 - To understand the divergent institutional development in transition economies, we examine the role of institutional experience from the pre-Soviet era in institution-building after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. To measure institutional experience, we construct an index that captures previous experience with independent non-Soviet institutions. A cross-sectional analysis shows that institutional experience is statistically significantly associated with the quality of political, administrative, and legal institutions in transition economies today. To provide a more comprehensive picture and to control for confounding factors, in a second step, we apply a Hausman-Taylor estimator on panel data. This analysis confirms the positive relationship between institutional experience and institutional development. Moreover, the results suggest that the association between institutional experience and political institutions is stronger than the association to the other dimensions of institutions. Overall, the analysis highlights the importance of institutional experience and provides a rationale for the persistency of institutions. KW - institutions KW - comparative development KW - transition economies KW - post-Soviet KW - space KW - collective memory Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/1060586X.2020.1848171 SN - 1060-586X SN - 1938-2855 VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 99 EP - 118 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER -