TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krasotkina, Anna
A1  - Götz, Antonia
A1  - Höhle, Barbara
A1  - Schwarzer, Gudrun
T1  - Infants’ gaze patterns for same-race and other-race faces, and the other-race effect
JF  - Brain Sciences
N2  - The other-race effect (ORE) can be described as difficulties in discriminating between faces of ethnicities other than one's own, and can already be observed at approximately 9 months of age. Recent studies also showed that infants visually explore same-and other-race faces differently. However, it is still unclear whether infants' looking behavior for same- and other-race faces is related to their face discrimination abilities. To investigate this question we conducted a habituation-dishabituation experiment to examine Caucasian 9-month-old infants' gaze behavior, and their discrimination of same- and other-race faces, using eye-tracking measurements. We found that infants looked longer at the eyes of same-race faces over the course of habituation, as compared to other-race faces. After habituation, infants demonstrated a clear other-race effect by successfully discriminating between same-race faces, but not other-race faces. Importantly, the infants' ability to discriminate between same-race faces significantly correlated with their fixation time towards the eyes of same-race faces during habituation. Thus, our findings suggest that for infants old enough to begin exhibiting the ORE, gaze behavior during habituation is related to their ability to differentiate among same-race faces, compared to other-race faces.
KW  - eye-tracking
KW  - infancy
KW  - habituation
KW  - other-race effect
KW  - face
KW  - discrimination
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060331
SN  - 2076-3425
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
PB  - Brain Sciences
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mazzarella, Diana
A1  - Gotzner, Nicole
T1  - The polarity asymmetry of negative strengthening
BT  - dissociating adjectival polarity from face-threatening potential
JF  - Glossa : a journal of general linguistics
N2  - The interpretation of negated antonyms is characterised by a polarity asymmetry: the negation of a positive polarity antonym (X is not interesting) is more likely to be strengthened to convey its opposite ('X is uninteresting') than the negation of a negative polarity antonym (X is not uninteresting to convey that 'X is interesting') is. A classical explanation of this asymmetry relies on face-management. Since the predication of a negative polarity antonym (X is uninteresting) is potentially face-threatening in most contexts, the negation of the corresponding positive polarity antonym (X is not interesting) is more likely to be interpreted as an indirect strategy to minimise face-threat while getting the message across. We present two experimental studies in which we test the predictions of this explanation. In contrast with it, our results show that adjectival polarity, but not face-threatening potential, appears to be responsible for the asymmetric interpretation of negated antonyms.
KW  - negation
KW  - polarity
KW  - antonyms
KW  - negative strengthening
KW  - politeness
KW  - face
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1342
SN  - 2397-1835
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
PB  - Open Library of Humanities
CY  - London
ER  -