TY - JOUR A1 - Acharya, B. S. A1 - Aramo, C. A1 - Babic, A. A1 - Barrio, J. A. A1 - Baushev, Anton N. A1 - Tjus, J. Becker A1 - Berge, David A1 - Bohacova, M. A1 - Bonardi, A. A1 - Brown, A. A1 - Bugaev, V. A1 - Bulik, Tomasz A1 - Burton, M. A1 - Busetto, G. A1 - Caraveo, P. A. A1 - Carosi, R. A1 - Carr, John A1 - Chadwick, Paula M. A1 - Chudoba, J. A1 - Conforti, V. A1 - Connaughton, V. A1 - Contreras, J. L. A1 - Cotter, G. A1 - Dazzi, F. A1 - De Franco, A. A1 - de la Calle, I. A1 - Lopez, R. de los Reyes A1 - De Lotto, B. A1 - De Palma, F. A1 - Di Girolamo, T. A1 - Di Giulio, C. A1 - Di Pierro, F. A1 - Dournaux, J. -L. A1 - Dwarkadas, Vikram V. A1 - Ebr, J. A1 - Egberts, Kathrin A1 - Fesquet, M. A1 - Fleischhack, H. A1 - Font, L. A1 - Fontaine, G. A1 - Foerster, A. A1 - Füßling, Matthias A1 - Garcia, B. A1 - Lopez, R. Garcia A1 - Garczarczyk, M. A1 - Gargano, F. A1 - Garrido, D. A1 - Gaug, M. A1 - Giglietto, N. A1 - Giordano, F. A1 - Giuliani, A. A1 - Godinovic, N. A1 - Gonzalez, M. M. A1 - Grabarczyk, T. A1 - Hassan, T. A1 - Hoerandel, J. A1 - Hrabovsky, M. A1 - Hrupec, D. A1 - Humensky, T. B. A1 - Huovelin, J. A1 - Jamrozy, M. A1 - Janecek, P. A1 - Kaaret, P. E. A1 - Katz, U. A1 - Kaufmann, S. A1 - Khelifi, B. A1 - Kluzniak, W. A1 - Kocot, J. A1 - Komin, N. A1 - Kubo, H. A1 - Kushida, J. A1 - Lamanna, G. A1 - Lee, W. H. A1 - Lenain, J. -P. A1 - Lohse, T. A1 - Lombardi, S. A1 - Lopez-Coto, R. A1 - Lopez-Oramas, A. A1 - Lucarelli, F. A1 - Maccarone, M. C. A1 - Maier, G. A1 - Majumdar, P. A1 - Malaguti, G. A1 - Mandat, D. A1 - Mazziotta, Mario Nicola A1 - Meagher, K. A1 - Mirabal, N. A1 - Morselli, A. A1 - Moulin, Emmanuel A1 - Niemiec, J. A1 - Nievas, M. A1 - Nishijima, K. A1 - Nosek, D. A1 - Nunio, F. A1 - Ohishi, M. A1 - Ohm, S. A1 - Ong, R. A. A1 - Orito, R. A1 - Otte, N. A1 - Palatka, M. A1 - Pareschi, G. A1 - Pech, M. A1 - Persic, M. A1 - Pohl, Manuela A1 - Prouza, M. A1 - Quirrenbach, A. A1 - Raino, S. A1 - Fernandez, G. Rodriguez A1 - Romano, Patrizia A1 - Rovero, A. C. A1 - Rudak, B. A1 - Schovanek, P. A1 - Shayduk, M. A1 - Siejkowski, H. A1 - Sillanpaa, A. A1 - Stefanik, S. A1 - Stolarczyk, T. A1 - Szanecki, M. A1 - Szepieniec, T. A1 - Tejedor, L. A. A1 - Telezhinsky, Igor O. A1 - Teshima, M. A1 - Tibaldo, L. A1 - Tibolla, O. A1 - Tovmassian, G. A1 - Travnicek, P. A1 - Trzeciak, M. A1 - Vallania, P. A1 - van Eldik, C. A1 - Vercellone, S. A1 - Vigorito, C. A1 - Wagner, S. J. A1 - Wakely, S. P. A1 - Weinstein, A. A1 - Wierzcholska, A. A1 - Wilhelm, Alina A1 - Wojcik, P. A1 - Yoshikoshi, T. T1 - The Cherenkov Telescope Array potential for the study of young supernova remnants JF - Astroparticle physics N2 - Supernova remnants (SNRs) are among the most important targets for gamma-ray observatories. Being prominent non-thermal sources, they are very likely responsible for the acceleration of the bulk of Galactic cosmic rays (CRS). To firmly establish the SNR paradigm for the origin of cosmic rays, it should be confirmed that protons are indeed accelerated in, and released from, SNRs with the appropriate flux and spectrum. This can be done by detailed theoretical models which account for microphysics of acceleration and various radiation processes of hadrons and leptons. The current generation of Cherenkov telescopes has insufficient sensitivity to constrain theoretical models. A new facility, the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), will have superior capabilities and may finally resolve this long standing issue of high-energy astrophysics. We want to assess the capabilities of CTA to reveal the physics of various types of SNRs in the initial 2000 years of their evolution. During this time, the efficiency to accelerate cosmic rays is highest. We perform time-dependent simulations of the hydrodynamics, the magnetic fields, the cosmic-ray acceleration, and the non-thermal emission for type Ia, Ic and IIP SNRs. We calculate the CTA response to the y-ray emission from these SNRs for various ages and distances, and we perform a realistic analysis of the simulated data. We derive distance limits for the detectability and resolvability of these SNR types at several ages. We test the ability of CTA to reconstruct their morphological and spectral parameters as a function of their distance. Finally, we estimate how well CTA data will constrain the theoretical models. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Acceleration of particles KW - Gamma rays: General KW - ISM: Supernova remnants KW - Radiation mechanisms: Non-termal Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.08.005 SN - 0927-6505 SN - 1873-2852 VL - 62 SP - 152 EP - 164 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Benina, Maria A1 - Ribeiro, Dimas Mendes A1 - Gechev, Tsanko S. A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Schippers, Jos H. M. T1 - A cell type-specific view on the translation of mRNAs from ROS-responsive genes upon paraquat treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves JF - Plant, cell & environment : cell physiology, whole-plant physiology, community physiology N2 - Oxidative stress causes dramatic changes in the expression levels of many genes. The formation of a functional protein through successful mRNA translation is central to a coordinated cellular response. To what extent the response towards reactive oxygen species (ROS) is regulated at the translational level is poorly understood. Here we analysed leaf- and tissue-specific translatomes using a set of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing a FLAG-tagged ribosomal protein to immunopurify polysome-bound mRNAs before and after oxidative stress. We determined transcript levels of 171 ROS-responsive genes upon paraquat treatment, which causes formation of superoxide radicals, at the whole-organ level. Furthermore, the translation of mRNAs was determined for five cell types: mesophyll, bundle sheath, phloem companion, epidermal and guard cells. Mesophyll and bundle sheath cells showed the strongest response to paraquat treatment. Interestingly, several ROS-responsive transcription factors displayed cell type-specific translation patterns, while others were translated in all cell types. In part, cell type-specific translation could be explained by the length of the 5-untranslated region (5-UTR) and the presence of upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Our analysis reveals insights into the translational regulation of ROS-responsive genes, which is important to understanding cell-specific responses and functions during oxidative stress. The study illustrates the response of different Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cells and tissues to oxidative stress at the translational level, an aspect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) biology that has been little studied in the past. Our data reveal insights into how translational regulation of ROS-responsive genes is fine-tuned at the cellular level, a phenomenon contributing to the integrated physiological response of leaves to stresses involving changes in ROS levels. KW - Arabidopsis KW - gene regulation KW - oxidative stress KW - tissue-specific KW - translation Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12355 SN - 0140-7791 SN - 1365-3040 VL - 38 IS - 2 SP - 349 EP - 363 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernhardt, Anne A1 - Melnick, Daniel A1 - Hebbeln, Dierk A1 - Lückge, Andreas A1 - Strecker, Manfred T1 - Turbidite paleoseismology along the active continental margin of Chile - Feasible or not? JF - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal N2 - Much progress has been made in estimating recurrence intervals of great and giant subduction earthquakes using terrestrial, lacustrine, and marine paleoseismic archives. Recent detailed records suggest these earthquakes may have variable recurrence periods and magnitudes forming supercycles. Understanding seismic supercycles requires long paleoseismic archives that record timing and magnitude of such events. Turbidite paleoseismic archives may potentially extend past earthquake records to the Pleistocene and can thus complement commonly shorter-term terrestrial archives. However, in order to unambiguously establish recurring seismicity as a trigger mechanism for turbidity currents, synchronous deposition of turbidites in widely spaced, isolated depocenters has to be ascertained. Furthermore, characteristics that predispose a seismically active continental margin to turbidite paleoseismology and the correct sample site selection have to be taken into account. Here we analyze 8 marine sediment cores along 950 km of the Chile margin to test for the feasibility of compiling detailed and continuous paleoseismic records based on turbidites. Our results suggest that the deposition of areally widespread, synchronous turbidites triggered by seismicity is largely controlled by sediment supply and, hence, the climatic and geomorphic conditions of the adjacent subaerial setting. The feasibility of compiling a turbidite paleoseismic record depends on the delicate balance between sufficient sediment supply providing material to fail frequently during seismic shaking and sufficiently low sedimentation rates to allow for coeval accumulation of planktonic foraminifera for high-resolution radiocarbon dating. We conclude that offshore northern central Chile (29-32.5 degrees S) Holocene turbidite paleoseismology is not feasible, because sediment supply from the semi-arid mainland is low and almost no Holocene turbidity-current deposits are found in the cores. In contrast, in the humid region between 36 and 38 degrees S frequent Holocene turbidite deposition may generally correspond to paleoseismic events. However, high terrigenous sedimentation rates prevent high-resolution radiocarbon dating. The climatic transition region between 32.5 and 36 degrees S appears to be best suited for turbidite paleoseismology. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Turbidite paleoseismology KW - Chile convergent margin KW - Earthquake KW - Seismoturbidites Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.001 SN - 0277-3791 VL - 120 SP - 71 EP - 92 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Campbell, Kevin L. A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Resurrecting phenotypes from ancient DNA sequences: promises and perspectives JF - Canadian journal of zoology = Revue canadienne de zoologie N2 - Anatomical changes in extinct mammalian lineages over evolutionary time, such as the loss of fingers and teeth and the rapid increase in body size that accompanied the late Miocene dispersal of the progenitors of Steller's sea cows (Hydrodamalis gigas (Zimmermann, 1780)) into North Pacific waters and the convergent development of a thick pelage and accompanying reductions in ear and tail surface area of woolly mammoths (Mammuthus primigenius (Blumenbach, 1799)) and woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1799)), are prime examples of adaptive evolution underlying the exploitation of new habitats. It is likely, however, that biochemical specializations adopted during these evolutionary transitions were of similar or even greater biological importance. As these "living" processes do not fossilize, direct information regarding the physiological attributes of extinct species has largely remained beyond the range of scientific inquiry. However, the ability to retrieve genomic sequences from ancient DNA samples, combined with ectopic expression systems, now permit the evolutionary origins and structural and functional properties of authentic prehistoric proteins to be examined in great detail. Exponential technical advances in ancient DNA retrieval, enrichment, and sequencing will soon permit targeted generation of complete genomes from hundreds of extinct species across the last one million years that, in combination with emerging in vitro expression, genome engineering, and cell differentiation techniques, promises to herald an exciting new trajectory of evolutionary research at the interface of biochemistry, genomics, palaeontology, and cell biology. KW - paleophysiology KW - ancient DNA KW - extinct species KW - adaptation KW - protein structure Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0337 SN - 0008-4301 SN - 1480-3283 VL - 93 IS - 9 SP - 701 EP - 710 PB - NRC Research Press CY - Ottawa ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cesare, Bernardo A1 - Acosta-Vigil, Antonio A1 - Bartoli, Omar A1 - Ferrero, Silvio T1 - What can we learn from melt inclusions in migmatites and granulites? JF - Lithos : an international journal of mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry N2 - With less than two decades of activity, research on melt inclusions (MI) in crystals from rocks that have undergone crustal anatexis - migmatites and granulites - is a recent addition to crustal petrology and geochemistry. Studies on this subject started with glassy inclusions in anatectic crustal enclaves in lavas, and then progressed to regionally metamorphosed and partially melted crustal rocks, where melt inclusions are normally crystallized into a cryptocrystalline aggregate (nanogranitoid). Since the first paper on melt inclusions in the granulites of the Kerala Khondalite Belt in 2009, reported and studied occurrences are already a few tens. Melt inclusions in migmatites and granulites show many analogies with their more common and long studied counterparts in igneous rocks, but also display very important differences and peculiarities, which are the subject of this review. Microstructurally, melt inclusions in anatectic rocks are small, commonly 10 mu m in diameter, and their main mineral host is peritectic garnet, although several other hosts have been observed. Inclusion contents vary from glass in enclaves that were cooled very rapidly from supersolidus temperatures, to completely crystallized material in slowly cooled regional migmatites. The chemical composition of the inclusions can be analyzed combining several techniques (SEM, EMP, NanoSIMS, LA-ICP-MS), but in the case of crystallized inclusions the experimental remelting under confining pressure in a piston cylinder is a prerequisite. The melt is generally granitic and peraluminous, although granodioritic to trondhjemitic compositions have also been found. Being mostly primary in origin, inclusions attest for the growth of their peritectic host in the presence of melt. As a consequence, the inclusions have the unique ability of preserving information on the composition of primary anatectic crustal melts, before they undergo any of the common following changes in their way to produce crustal magmas. For these peculiar features, melt inclusions in migmatites and granulites, largely overlooked so far, have the potential to become a fundamental tool for the study of crustal melting, crustal differentiation, and even the generation of the continental crust. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. KW - Melt inclusions KW - Migmatites KW - Granulites KW - Granites KW - Crustal melting KW - Nanogranitoids Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2015.09.028 SN - 0024-4937 SN - 1872-6143 VL - 239 SP - 186 EP - 216 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Demske, Ulrike T1 - Adverbial Clauses, Main Clause Phenomena, and the composition of the Left Periphery JF - Studies in language Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.39.1.09dem SN - 0378-4177 VL - 39 IS - 1 SP - 235 EP - 243 PB - Benjamins CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietzel, Irene T1 - Innovation in the Orthodox Christian tradition? The question of change in Greek Orthodox thought and practice JF - Religion, state & society Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2015.1087116 SN - 0963-7494 SN - 1465-3974 VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - 317 EP - 319 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dittmann-Thünemann, Elke A1 - Gugger, Muriel A1 - Sivonen, Kaarina A1 - Fewer, David P. T1 - Natural Product Biosynthetic Diversity and Comparative Genomics of the Cyanobacteria JF - Trends in microbiology N2 - Cyanobacteria are an ancient lineage of slow-growing photosynthetic bacteria and a prolific source of natural products with intricate chemical structures and potent biological activities. The bulk of these natural products are known from just a handful of genera. Recent efforts have elucidated the mechanisms underpinning the biosynthesis of a diverse array of natural products from cyanobacteria. Many of the biosynthetic mechanisms are unique to cyanobacteria or rarely described from other organisms. Advances in genome sequence technology have precipitated a deluge of genome sequences for cyanobacteria. This makes it possible to link known natural products to biosynthetic gene clusters but also accelerates the discovery of new natural products through genome mining. These studies demonstrate that cyanobacteria encode a huge variety of cryptic gene clusters for the production of natural products, and the known chemical diversity is likely to be just a fraction of the true biosynthetic capabilities of this fascinating and ancient group of organisms. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2015.07.008 SN - 0966-842X SN - 1878-4380 VL - 23 IS - 10 SP - 642 EP - 652 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fettke, Jörg A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. T1 - Intracellular and cell-to-apoplast compartmentation of carbohydrate metabolism JF - Trends in plant science N2 - In most plants, carbohydrates represent the major energy store as well as providing the building blocks for essential structural polymers. Although the major pathways for carbohydrate biosynthesis, degradation, and transport are well characterized, several key steps have only recently been discovered. In addition, several novel minor metabolic routes have been uncovered in the past few years. Here we review current studies of plant carbohydrate metabolism detailing the expanding compendium of functionally characterized transport proteins as well as our deeper comprehension of more minor and conditionally activated metabolic pathways. We additionally explore the pertinent questions that will allow us to enhance our understanding of the response of both major and minor carbohydrate fluxes to changing cellular circumstances. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2015.04.012 SN - 1360-1385 VL - 20 IS - 8 SP - 490 EP - 497 PB - Elsevier CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frank, Dorothe A. A1 - Reichstein, Markus A1 - Bahn, Michael A1 - Thonicke, Kirsten A1 - Frank, David A1 - Mahecha, Miguel D. A1 - Smith, Pete A1 - Van der Velde, Marijn A1 - Vicca, Sara A1 - Babst, Flurin A1 - Beer, Christian A1 - Buchmann, Nina A1 - Canadell, Josep G. A1 - Ciais, Philippe A1 - Cramer, Wolfgang A1 - Ibrom, Andreas A1 - Miglietta, Franco A1 - Poulter, Ben A1 - Rammig, Anja A1 - Seneviratne, Sonia I. A1 - Walz, Ariane A1 - Wattenbach, Martin A1 - Zavala, Miguel A. A1 - Zscheischler, Jakob T1 - Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: concepts, processes and potential future impacts JF - Global change biology N2 - Extreme droughts, heat waves, frosts, precipitation, wind storms and other climate extremes may impact the structure, composition and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, and thus carbon cycling and its feedbacks to the climate system. Yet, the interconnected avenues through which climate extremes drive ecological and physiological processes and alter the carbon balance are poorly understood. Here, we review the literature on carbon cycle relevant responses of ecosystems to extreme climatic events. Given that impacts of climate extremes are considered disturbances, we assume the respective general disturbance-induced mechanisms and processes to also operate in an extreme context. The paucity of well-defined studies currently renders a quantitative meta-analysis impossible, but permits us to develop a deductive framework for identifying the main mechanisms (and coupling thereof) through which climate extremes may act on the carbon cycle. We find that ecosystem responses can exceed the duration of the climate impacts via lagged effects on the carbon cycle. The expected regional impacts of future climate extremes will depend on changes in the probability and severity of their occurrence, on the compound effects and timing of different climate extremes, and on the vulnerability of each land-cover type modulated by management. Although processes and sensitivities differ among biomes, based on expert opinion, we expect forests to exhibit the largest net effect of extremes due to their large carbon pools and fluxes, potentially large indirect and lagged impacts, and long recovery time to regain previous stocks. At the global scale, we presume that droughts have the strongest and most widespread effects on terrestrial carbon cycling. Comparing impacts of climate extremes identified via remote sensing vs. ground-based observational case studies reveals that many regions in the (sub-)tropics are understudied. Hence, regional investigations are needed to allow a global upscaling of the impacts of climate extremes on global carbon-climate feedbacks. KW - carbon cycle KW - climate change KW - climate extremes KW - climate variability KW - disturbance KW - terrestrial ecosystems Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12916 SN - 1354-1013 SN - 1365-2486 VL - 21 IS - 8 SP - 2861 EP - 2880 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER -