TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller, Steffen
A1  - Carlsohn, Anja
A1  - Müller, Juliane
A1  - Baur, Heiner
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - Static and dynamic foot characteristics in children aged 1-13 years a cross-sectional study
JF  - Gait & posture
N2  - The aim of this study was to acquire static and dynamic foot geometry and loading in childhood, and to establish data for age groups of a population of 1-13 year old infants and children.
 A total of 10,382 children were recruited and 7788 children (48% males and 52% females) were finally included into the data analysis. For static foot geometry foot length and foot width were quantified in a standing position. Dynamic foot geometry and loading were assessed during walking on a walkway with self selected speed (Novel Emed X, 100 Hz, 4 sensors/cm(2)). Contact area (CA), peak pressure (PP), force time integral (FTI) and the arch index were calculated for the total, fore-, mid- and hindfoot.
 Results show that most static and dynamic foot characteristics change continuously during growth and maturation. Static foot length and width increased with age from 13.1 +/- 0.8 cm (length) and 5.7 +/- 0.4 cm (width) in the youngest to 24.4 +/- 1.5 cm (length) and 8.9 +/- 0.6 cm (width) in the oldest. A mean walking velocity of 0.94 +/- 0.25 m/s was observed. Arch-index ranged from 0.32 +/- 0.04 [a.u.] in the one-year old to 0.21 +/- 0.13 [a.u.] in the 5-year olds and remains constant afterwards.
 This study provides data for static and dynamic foot characteristics in children based on a cohort of 7788 subjects. Static and dynamic foot measures change differently during growth and maturation. Dynamic foot measurements provide additional information about the children's foot compared to static measures.
KW  - Children
KW  - Foot
KW  - Geometry
KW  - Arch-index
KW  - Plantar pressure
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.10.357
SN  - 0966-6362
VL  - 35
IS  - 3
SP  - 389
EP  - 394
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Clare
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Kröller, Katja
T1  - "Childhood overweight and obesity maternal perceptions of the time for engaging in child weight management"
JF  - BMC public health
N2  - Background: There is an increasing awareness of the impact of parental risk perception on the weight course of the child and the parent's readiness to engage in preventive efforts, but only less is known about factors related to the parental perception of the right time for the implementation of preventive activities. The aim of this study was to examine parental perceptions of the appropriate time to engage in child weight management strategies, and the factors associated with different weight points at which mothers recognize the need for preventive actions.
 Methods: 352 mothers with children aged 2-10 years took part in the study. We assessed mothers' perceptions of the actual and preferred weight status of their child, their ability to identify overweight and knowledge of its associated health risks, as well as perceptions of the right time for action to prevent overweight in their child. A regression analysis was conducted to examine whether demographic and weight related factors as well as the maternal general risk perception were associated with recognizing the need to implement prevention strategies.
 Results: Although most of the parents considered a BMI in the 75th to 90th percentile a valid reason to engage in the prevention of overweight, 19% of the mothers were not willing to engage in prevention until their child reached the 97th percentile. Whereas the child's sex and the identification of an elevated BMI were significant predictors for parents' recognition of the 75th percentile as right point to engage in prevention efforts, an inability to recognize physical health risks associated with overweight silhouettes emerged as a significant factor predicting which parents would delay prevention efforts until a child's BMI reached the 97th percentile.
 Conclusion: Parental misperceptions of overweight and associated health risks constitute unfavorable conditions for preventive actions. Feedback on the health risks associated with overweight could help increase maternal readiness for change.
KW  - Maternal perception
KW  - Need for action
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Overweight
KW  - Children
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-295
SN  - 1471-2458
VL  - 12
IS  - 12
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  -