TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hierro, Rodrigo
A1  - Burgos Fonseca, Y.
A1  - Ramezani Ziarani, Maryam
A1  - Llamedo, P.
A1  - Schmidt, Torsten
A1  - de la Torre, Alejandro
A1  - Alexander, P.
T1  - On the behavior of rainfall maxima at the eastern Andes
JF  - Atmospheric Research
N2  - In this study, we detect high percentile rainfall events in the eastern central Andes, based on Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) with a spatial resolution of 0.25 × 0.25°, a temporal resolution of 3 h, and for the duration from 2001 to 2018. We identify three areas with high mean accumulated rainfall and analyze their atmospheric behaviour and rainfall characteristics with specific focus on extreme events. Extreme events are defined by events above the 95th percentile of their daily mean accumulated rainfall. Austral summer (DJF) is the period of the year presenting the most frequent extreme events over these three regions. Daily statistics show that the spatial maxima, as well as their associated extreme events, are produced during the night. For the considered period, ERA-Interim reanalysis data, provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) with 0.75° x0.75° spatial and 6-hourly temporal resolutions, were used for the analysis of the meso- and synoptic-scale atmospheric patterns. Night- and day-time differences indicate a nocturnal overload of northerly and northeasterly low-level humidity flows arriving from tropical South America. Under these conditions, cooling descending air from the mountains may find unstable air at the surface, giving place to the development of strong local convection. Another possible mechanism is presented here: a forced ascent of the low-level flow due to the mountains, disrupting the atmospheric stratification and generating vertical displacement of air trajectories. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in T-mode is applied to day- and night-time data during the maximum and extreme events. The results show strong correlation areas over each subregion under study during night-time, whereas during day-time no defined patterns are found. This confirms the observed nocturnal behavior of rainfall within these three hotspots.
KW  - South-America
KW  - rainy-season
KW  - part I
KW  - precipitation
KW  - TRMM
KW  - climate
KW  - summer
KW  - circulation
KW  - monsoon
KW  - systems
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104792
SN  - 0169-8095
VL  - 234
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Naliboff, John B.
A1  - Glerum, Anne
A1  - Brune, Sascha
A1  - Péron-Pinvidic, G.
A1  - Wrona, Thilo
T1  - Development of 3-D rift heterogeneity through fault network evolution
JF  - Geophysical Research Letters
N2  - Observations of rift and rifted margin architecture suggest that significant spatial and temporal structural heterogeneity develops during the multiphase evolution of continental rifting. Inheritance is often invoked to explain this heterogeneity, such as preexisting anisotropies in rock composition, rheology, and deformation. Here, we use high-resolution 3-D thermal-mechanical numerical models of continental extension to demonstrate that rift-parallel heterogeneity may develop solely through fault network evolution during the transition from distributed to localized deformation. In our models, the initial phase of distributed normal faulting is seeded through randomized initial strength perturbations in an otherwise laterally homogeneous lithosphere extending at a constant rate. Continued extension localizes deformation onto lithosphere-scale faults, which are laterally offset by tens of km and discontinuous along-strike. These results demonstrate that rift- and margin-parallel heterogeneity of large-scale fault patterns may in-part be a natural byproduct of fault network coalescence.
KW  - magma-poor
KW  - continental lithosphere
KW  - extension
KW  - insights
KW  - margins
KW  - architecture
KW  - systems
KW  - models
KW  - sea
KW  - reactivation
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 47
IS  - 13
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - New Jersey
ER  -