TY  - JOUR
A1  - Goethe, Katrin
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Gendt, Anja
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Working memory in children tracing age differences and special educational needs to parameters of a formal model
JF  - Developmental psychology
N2  - Parameters of a formal working-memory model were estimated for verbal and spatial memory updating of children. The model proposes interference though feature overwriting and through confusion of whole elements as the primary cause of working-memory capacity limits. We tested 2 age groups each containing 1 group of normal intelligence and I deficit group. For young children the deficit was developmental dyslexia; for older children it was a general learning difficulty. The interference model predicts less interference through overwriting but more through confusion of whole elements for the dyslexic children than for their age-matched controls. Older children exhibited less interference through confusion of whole elements and a higher processing rate than young children, but general learning difficulty was associated with slower processing than in the age-matched control group. Furthermore, the difference between verbal and spatial updating mapped onto several meaningful dissociations of model parameters.
KW  - working-memory capacity
KW  - interference model
KW  - dyslexia
KW  - general learning difficulty
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025660
SN  - 0012-1649
VL  - 48
IS  - 2
SP  - 459
EP  - 476
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rodriguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio
A1  - Göthe, Katrin
A1  - Oberauer, Klaus
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Working memory capacity in a go/no-go task - age differences in interference, processing speed, and attentional control
JF  - Developmental psychology
N2  - We tested the limits of working-memory capacity (WMC) of young adults, old adults, and children with a memory-updating task. The task consisted of mentally shifting spatial positions within a grid according to arrows, their color signaling either only go (control) or go/no-go conditions. The interference model (IM) of Oberauer and Kliegl (2006) was simultaneously fitted to the data of all groups. In addition to the 3 main model parameters (feature overlap, noise, and processing rate), we estimated the time for switching between go and no-go steps as a new model parameter. In this study, we examined the IM parameters across the life span. The IM parameter estimates show that (a) conditions were not different in interference by feature overlap and interference by confusion; (b) switching costs time; (c) young adults and children were less susceptible than old adults to interference due to feature overlap; (d) noise was highest for children, followed by old and young adults; (e) old adults differed from children and young adults in lower processing rate; and (f) children and old adults had a larger switch cost between go steps and no-go steps. Thus, the results of this study indicated that across age, the IM parameters contribute distinctively for explaining the limits of WMC.
KW  - working memory capacity
KW  - interference model
KW  - inhibition
KW  - children
KW  - old adults and young adults
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030883
SN  - 0012-1649
VL  - 49
IS  - 9
SP  - 1683
EP  - 1696
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  -