TY - JOUR A1 - Khalil, Samir A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Tjaden, Jasper T1 - Is there a rural penalty in language acquisition? BT - evidence from Germany's refugee allocation policy JF - Frontiers in sociology N2 - Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the "null effect" is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers. KW - refugees KW - allocation policies KW - rural KW - language acquisition KW - intergroup KW - contacts KW - language courses KW - integration Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.841775 SN - 2297-7775 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khalil, Samir A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Tjaden, Jasper Dag T1 - Is There a Rural Penalty in Language Acquisition? Evidence From Germany's Refugee Allocation Policy JF - Frontiers in Sociology N2 - Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the “null effect” is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers. KW - refugees KW - allocation policies KW - rural KW - language acquisition KW - intergroup contacts KW - language courses KW - integration Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.841775 SN - 2297-7775 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krügel, André A1 - Rothkegel, Lars A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - No exception from Bayes’ rule BT - the presence and absence of the range effect for saccades explained JF - Journal of vision N2 - In an influential theoretical model, human sensorimotor control is achieved by a Bayesian decision process, which combines noisy sensory information and learned prior knowledge. A ubiquitous signature of prior knowledge and Bayesian integration in human perception and motor behavior is the frequently observed bias toward an average stimulus magnitude (i.e., a central-tendency bias, range effect, regression-to-the-mean effect). However, in the domain of eye movements, there is a recent controversy about the fundamental existence of a range effect in the saccadic system. Here we argue that the problem of the existence of a range effect is linked to the availability of prior knowledge for saccade control. We present results from two prosaccade experiments that both employ an informative prior structure (i.e., a nonuniform Gaussian distribution of saccade target distances). Our results demonstrate the validity of Bayesian integration in saccade control, which generates a range effect in saccades. According to Bayesian integration principles, the saccadic range effect depends on the availability of prior knowledge and varies in size as a function of the reliability of the prior and the sensory likelihood. KW - saccades KW - saccadic accuracy KW - range effect KW - Bayesian sensorimotor KW - integration KW - central-tendency bias Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.20.7.15 SN - 1534-7362 VL - 20 IS - 7 PB - ARVO CY - Rockville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tjaden, Jasper A1 - Spörlein, Christoph T1 - How much do “local policies” matter for refugee integration? BT - an analytical model and evidence from a highly decentralized country JF - International migration review N2 - A growing number of studies have recently postulated a so-called local turn in the study of immigrant and refugee integration policy. A fundamental, yet untested, assumption of this body of research is that local (sub-national) policies and administrations shape how migrants and refugees integrate into society. We develop and apply an analytical model using multilevel modeling techniques based on large-N, longitudinal survey data (N > 9000) with refugees (2012–2018) in a highly decentralized country (Germany) to estimate the scope for local policy effects net of individual-level and state- and district-level characteristics. We show that region and district-level variation in integration outcomes across multiple dimensions (employment, education, language, housing, social) is limited (∼5%) within 4–8 years after immigration. We find modest variation in policy indicators (∼10%), which do not appear to directly translate into outcomes. We discuss implications for the study of local policies and the potential for greater convergence between administrative and political science, interested in governance structures and policy variation, and sociology and economics, interested primarily in integration outcomes. KW - refugee KW - policy KW - integration Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183231205561 SN - 0197-9183 SN - 1747-7379 PB - Sage Publications CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - BOOK ED - Bogumil, Jörg ED - Kuhlmann, Sabine ED - Hafner, Jonas ED - Kastilan, André ED - Oehlert, Franziska ED - Reusch, Marie Catherine T1 - Lokales Integrationsmanagement in Deutschland, Schweden und Frankreich N2 - Im vorliegenden Band wird das lokale Integrationsmanagement in Deutschland, Frankreich und Schweden vergleichend untersucht. Im Mittelpunkt stehen Verflechtungsstrukturen, Koordination und Leistungsfähigkeit der Integrationsverwaltung mit besonderem Fokus auf den Entwicklungen nach der Flüchtlingskrise von 2015/16. Auf der Grundlage von Fallstudien und Experteninterviews in den drei Ländern wird das institutionelle Zusammenspiel von Akteuren im Mehrebenensystem und im lokalen Raum analysiert. Dabei werden jeweils die nationalen Rahmenbedingungen, lokalen Gestaltungsvarianten und krisenbedingten Herausforderungen des Integrationsmanagement kommunen- und ländervergleichend in den Blick genommen. Gestützt auf illustrative Praxisbeispiele und Tiefeneinblicke in die lokalen Handlungsprobleme leitet die Studie Lehren und Empfehlungen für eine Optimierung des Integrationsmanagements und eine krisenresilientere Verwaltungsorganisation in diesem Aufgabenbereich ab. N2 - This study analyses local integration management in Germany, France and Sweden from a comparative perspective. It focuses on the inter-administrative relations, coordination and performance of integration management, with a particular focus on developments after the refugee crisis of 2015/16. Based on case studies and expert interviews in the aforementioned three countries, it analyses the institutional interplay between actors in both the multi-level system and the local sphere. The authors examine the national contexts, local institutional settings and crisis-related challenges of integration management performance in the three countries, taking similarities and differences from a cross-country and inter-municipal com-parative perspective into account. Using illustrative examples from practice and deriving lessons from in-depth insights into local problem-solving, the study makes recommendations for the optimisation of integration management and more crisis-resilient administrative organisation in this policy area. KW - Deutschland KW - Flüchtlingskrise KW - Frankreich KW - Gestaltungsvarianten KW - Integration KW - Integrationsmanagement KW - Koordination KW - Krisenresilienz KW - Mehrebenensystem KW - Optimierung KW - Rahmenbedingungen KW - Schweden KW - Vergleich KW - Verwaltung KW - Verwaltungsorganisation KW - administration KW - administrative organization KW - comparison KW - coordination KW - crisis resilience KW - design variants KW - framework conditions KW - France KW - integration KW - integration management KW - multi-level system KW - optimization KW - refugee crisis KW - Sweden KW - Germany Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-7560-0558-1 SN - 978-3-7489-3911-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748939115 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER -