TY  - JOUR
A1  - Poustka, Luise
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia
A1  - Hohmann, Sarah
A1  - Becker, Katja
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Interacting effects of maternal responsiveness, infant regulatory problems and dopamine D4 receptor gene in the development of dysregulation during childhood: A longitudinal analysis
JF  - Journal of psychiatric research
N2  - Recent longitudinal studies have indicated that affective and behavioral dysregulation in childhood is associated with an increased risk for various negative outcomes in later life. However, few studies to date have examined early mechanisms preceding dysregulation during early childhood. Aim of this study was to elucidate early mechanisms relating to dysregulation in later life using data from an epidemiological cohort study on the long-term outcome of early risk factors from birth to adulthood. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a nursing and playing situation. Maternal responsiveness was evaluated by trained raters. Infant regulatory problems were assessed on the basis of a parent interview and direct observation by trained raters. At age 8 and 11 years, 290 children (139 males) were rated on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Additionally, participants were genotyped for the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) exon 3 VNTR polymorphism. A significant three-way interaction between maternal responsiveness, DRD4 genotype and infant regulatory problems was detected predicting the CBCL-dysregulation profile (CBCL-DP). Carriers of the DRD4 7r allele with regulatory problems at age 3 months showed significantly more behavior problems associated with the CBCL-DP during childhood when exposed to less maternal responsiveness. In contrast, no effect of maternal responsiveness was observed in DRD4 7r carriers without infant regulatory problems and in non-carriers of the DRD4 7r allele. This prospective longitudinal study extends earlier findings regarding the association of the CBCL-DP with early parenting and later psychopathology, introducing both DRD4 genotype and infant regulatory problems as important moderators. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Dysregulation
KW  - Childhood
KW  - Infant regulatory problems
KW  - Parenting quality
KW  - DRD4
KW  - Gene-environment interaction
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychires.2015.08.018
SN  - 0022-3956
SN  - 1879-1379
VL  - 70
SP  - 83
EP  - 90
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Holtmann, Martin
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - The child behavior checklist-dysregulation profile predicts substance use, suicidality, and functional impairment a longitudinal analysis
JF  - The journal of child psychology and psychiatry
N2  - Background:
 Recent studies have identified a Child Behavior Checklist profile that characterizes children with severe affective and behavioral dysregulation (CBCL-dysregulation profile, CBCL-DP). In two recent longitudinal studies the CBCL-DP in childhood was associated with heightened rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders, among them bipolar disorder, an increased risk for suicidality, and marked psychosocial impairment at young-adult follow-up. This is the first study outside the US that examines the longitudinal course of the CBCL-DP.
 Methods:
 We studied the diagnostic and functional trajectories and the predictive utility of the CBCL-DP in the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an epidemiological cohort study on the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. A total of 325 young adults (151 males, 174 females) participated in the 19-year assessment.
 Results:
 Young adults with a higher CBCL-DP score in childhood were at increased risk for substance use disorders, suicidality and poorer overall functioning at age 19, even after adjustment for parental education, family income, impairment and psychiatric disorders at baseline. Childhood dysregulation was not related to bipolar disorder in young adulthood. The CBCL-DP was neither a precursor of a specific pattern of comorbidity nor of comorbidity in general.
 Conclusions:
 Children with high CBCL-DP values are at risk for later severe, psychiatric symptomatology. The different developmental trajectories suggest that the CBCL-DP is not simply an early manifestation of a single disease process but might rather be an early developmental risk marker of a persisting deficit of self-regulation of affect and behavior.
KW  - Dysregulation
KW  - childhood
KW  - comorbidity
KW  - longitudinal
KW  - irritability
KW  - depression
KW  - ADHD
KW  - substance use
KW  - suicidality
KW  - CBCL
KW  - bipolar
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02309.x
SN  - 0021-9630
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
SP  - 139
EP  - 147
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Malden
ER  -