TY  - JOUR
A1  - Richter, Philipp
T1  - Cold gas accretion by high-velocity clouds and their connection to QSO Absorption-line systems
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - We combine H I 21 cm observations of the Milky Way, M31, and the local galaxy population with QSO absorption-line measurements to geometrically model the three-dimensional distribution of infalling neutral-gas clouds ("high-velocity clouds" (HVCs)) in the extended halos of low-redshift galaxies. We demonstrate that the observed distribution of HVCs around the Milky Way and M31 can be modeled by a radial exponential decline of the mean H I volume-filling factor in their halos. Our model suggests a characteristic radial extent of HVCs of R-halo similar to 50 kpc, a total H I mass in HVCs of similar to 10(8) M-circle dot, and a neutral-gas accretion rate of similar to 0.7 M-circle dot yr(-1) for M31/Milky-Way-type galaxies. Using a Holmberg-like luminosity scaling of the halo size of galaxies we estimate R-halo similar to 110 kpc for the most massive galaxies. The total absorption cross-section of HVCs at z approximate to 0 most likely is dominated by galaxies with total H I masses between 10(8.5) and 10(10) M-circle dot. Our model indicates that the H I disks of galaxies and their surrounding HVC population can account for 30%-100% of intervening QSO absorption-line systems with log N(H I) >= 17.5 at z approximate to 0. We estimate that the neutral-gas accretion rate density of galaxies at low redshift from infalling HVCs is dM(H) (I)/dt/dV approximate to 0.022 M-circle dot yr(-1) Mpc(-3), which is close to the measured star formation rate density in the local universe. HVCs thus may play an important role in the ongoing formation and evolution of galaxies.
KW  - Galaxy: halo
KW  - ISM: clouds
KW  - quasars: absorption lines
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/165
SN  - 0004-637X
VL  - 750
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ben Bekhti, Nadya
A1  - Winkel, B.
A1  - Richter, P.
A1  - Kerp, J.
A1  - Klein, U.
A1  - Murphy, M. T.
T1  - An absorption-selected survey of neutral gas in the Milky Way halo New results based on a large sample of Ca II, Na I, and H I spectra towards QSOs
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Aims. We aim at analysing systematically the distribution and physical properties of neutral and mildly ionised gas in the Milky Way halo, based on a large absorption-selected data set.
 Methods. Multi-wavelength studies were performed combining optical absorption line data of Ca II and Na I with follow-up H I 21-cm emission line observations along 408 sight lines towards low-and high-redshift QSOs. We made use of archival optical spectra obtained with UVES/VLT. H I data were extracted from the Effelsberg-Bonn H I survey and the Galactic All-Sky survey. For selected sight lines we obtained deeper follow-up observations using the Effelsberg 100-m telescope.
 Results. Ca II (Na I) halo absorbers at intermediate and high radial velocities are present in 40-55% (20-35%) of the sightlines, depending on the column density threshold chosen. Many halo absorbers show multi-component absorption lines, indicating the presence of sub-structure. In 65% of the cases, absorption is associated with H I 21-cm emission. The Ca II (Na I) column density distribution function follows a power-law with a slope of beta approximate to -2.2 (-1.4).
 Conclusions. Our absorption-selected survey confirms our previous results that the Milky Way halo is filled with a large number of neutral gas structures whose high column density tail represents the population of common H I high-and intermediate-velocity clouds seen in 21-cm observations. We find that Na I/Ca II column density ratios in the halo absorbers are typically smaller than those in the Milky Way disc, in the gas in the Magellanic Clouds, and in damped Lyman a systems. The small ratios (prominent in particular in high-velocity components) indicate a lower level of Ca depletion onto dust grains in Milky Way halo absorbers compared to gas in discs and inner regions of galaxies.
KW  - Galaxy: halo
KW  - ISM: structure
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201118673
SN  - 0004-6361
VL  - 542
IS  - 2
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  -