TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pfeifer, Caroline
A1  - Elsner, Birgit
T1  - Preschoolers' encoding of rational actions - the role of task features and verbal information
JF  - Journal of experimental child psychology
N2  - In the current study, we first investigated whether preschoolers imitate selectively across three imitation tasks. Second, we examined whether preschoolers' selective imitation is influenced by differences in the modeled actions and/or by the situational context. Finally, we investigated how verbal cues given by the model affect preschoolers' imitation. Participants (3- to 5-year-olds) watched an adult performing an unusual action in three imitation tasks (touch light, house, and obstacle). In two conditions, the model either was or was not restricted by situational constraints. In addition, the model verbalized either the goal that was to be achieved, the movement, or none of the action components. Preschoolers always acted on the objects without constraints. Results revealed differences in preschoolers' selective imitation across the tasks. In the house task, they showed the selective imitation pattern that has been interpreted as rational, imitating the unusual action more often in the no-constraint condition than in the constraint condition. In contrast, in the touch light task, preschoolers imitated the unusual head touch irrespective of the model's constraints or of the verbal cues that had been presented. Finally, in the obstacle task, children mostly emulated the observed goal irrespective of the presence of the constraint, but they increased their imitation of the unusual action when the movement had been emphasized. Overall, our data suggest that preschoolers adjust their imitative behavior to context-specific information about objects, actions, and their interpretations of the model's intention to teach something.
KW  - Rational imitation tasks
KW  - Ostensive communication
KW  - Verbal cues
KW  - Preschoolers
KW  - Context-specific task features
KW  - Social cognition
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2012.12.005
SN  - 0022-0965
SN  - 1096-0457
VL  - 116
IS  - 2
SP  - 532
EP  - 544
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fatfouta, Ramzi
A1  - Rentzsch, Katrin
A1  - Schröder-Abé, Michela
T1  - Narcissus oeconomicus:
BT  - facets of narcissism and socio-economic decision-making
JF  - Journal of research in personality
N2  - How do narcissists respond to monetary rewards and are there differences in fairness sensitivity between different facets of narcissism? The present study (N = 287) investigated these questions using the Ultimatum Game, a behavioral decision-making task involving the presentation of advantageous and disadvantageous financial offers. The results of multilevel modeling revealed that individual differences in narcissism modulated responders’ game decisions: Individuals high in narcissism, particularly narcissistic rivalry, were more likely to accept monetary offers and this effect was even more pronounced for comparatively unfair offers. Results extend previous findings, suggesting that narcissists are hypersensitive to rewards and pay close attention how to maximize their personal profit rather than to enforce fairness norms.
KW  - Narcissism
KW  - Fairness
KW  - Ultimatum Game
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Social cognition
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2018.05.002
SN  - 0092-6566
SN  - 1095-7251
VL  - 75
SP  - 12
EP  - 16
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  -