TY - JOUR A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Mahlstedt, Robert A1 - Mitnik, Oscar A. T1 - Unobservable, but unimportant? The relevance of usually unobserved variables for the evaluation of labor market policies JF - Labour economics : an international journal KW - Matching KW - Unconfoundedness KW - Unobservables KW - Selection bias KW - Personality traits KW - Active labor market policy Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2017.02.001 SN - 0927-5371 SN - 1879-1034 VL - 46 SP - 14 EP - 25 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vianello, Michelangelo A1 - Schnabel, Konrad A1 - Sriram, N. A1 - Nosek, Brian T1 - Gender differences in implicit and explicit personality traits JF - Personality and individual differences : an international journal of research into the structure and development of personality, and the causation of individual differences N2 - This article investigates gender differences in implicit and explicit measures of the Big Five traits of personality. In a high-powered study (N = 14,348), we replicated previous research showing that women report higher levels of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Neuroticism. For implicit measures, gender differences were much smaller for all, and opposite in sign for Extraversion. Somewhat higher levels of implicit Neuroticism and Agreeableness were observed in women, and somewhat higher levels of implicit Extraversion and Openness were observed in men. There was no gender difference in implicit Conscientiousness. A possible explanation is that explicit self-concepts partly reflect social norms and self-expectations about gender roles, while implicit self-concepts may mostly reflect self-related experiences. KW - IAT KW - Personality traits KW - Gender differences Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.08.008 SN - 0191-8869 VL - 55 IS - 8 SP - 994 EP - 999 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER -