TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bald, Ilko
A1  - Keller, Adrian
A1  - Kopyra, Janina
T1  - On the role of fluoro-substituted nucleosides in DNA radiosensitization for tumor radiation therapy
JF  - RSC Advances : an international journal to further the chemical sciences
N2  - Gemcitabine (2′,2′-difluorocytidine) is a well-known radiosensitizer routinely applied in concomitant chemoradiotherapy. During irradiation of biological media with high-energy radiation secondary low-energy (<10 eV) electrons are produced that can directly induce chemical bond breakage in DNA by dissociative electron attachment (DEA). Here, we investigate and compare DEA to the three molecules 2′-deoxycytidine, 2′-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine, and gemcitabine. Fluorination at specific molecular sites, i.e., nucleobase or sugar moiety, is found to control electron attachment and subsequent dissociation pathways. The presence of two fluorine atoms at the sugar ring results in more efficient electron attachment to the sugar moiety and subsequent bond cleavage. For the formation of the dehydrogenated nucleobase anion, we obtain an enhancement factor of 2.8 upon fluorination of the sugar, whereas the enhancement factor is 5.5 when the nucleobase is fluorinated. The observed fragmentation reactions suggest enhanced DNA strand breakage induced by secondary electrons when gemcitabine is incorporated into DNA.
KW  - low-energy electrons
KW  - single-strand breaks
KW  - gas-phase
KW  - chemoradiation therapy
KW  - molecular-mechanisms
KW  - resonant formation
KW  - damage
KW  - attachment
KW  - drugs
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/C3RA46735J
SN  - 2046-2069
VL  - 4
IS  - 13
SP  - 6825
EP  - 6829
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Mahlstedt, Robert
A1  - van den Berg, Gerard J.
A1  - Vikström, Johan
T1  - Side effects of labor market policies
JF  - The Scandinavian journal of economics
N2  - Labor market policies, such as training and sanctions, are commonly used to bring workers back to work. By analogy to medical treatments, exposure to these tools can have side effects. We study the effects on health using individual-level population registers on labor market outcomes, drug prescriptions, and sickness absence, comparing outcomes before and after exposure to training and sanctions. Training improves cardiovascular and mental health, and lowers sickness absence. This is likely to be the result of the instantaneous features of participation, such as the adoption of a more rigorous daily routine, rather than improved employment prospects. Benefits sanctions cause a short-run deterioration of mental health.
KW  - Cardiovascular disease
KW  - depression
KW  - drugs
KW  - health
KW  - mental health
KW  - prescriptions
KW  - sanctions
KW  - sickness
KW  - training
KW  - unemployment
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12514
SN  - 0347-0520
SN  - 1467-9442
N1  - The authors thank Anders Forslund, Markus Gehrsitz, Aderonke Osikominu, Ulrika Vikman, two anonymous reviewers, and participants at conferences and workshops in Lyon, Nuremberg, Bath, Leipzig, and Basel, and at seminars in Copenhagen, Potsdam, Hamburg, and Uppsala for valuable comments. M. Caliendo gratefully acknowledges funding from the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, 405629508). J. Vikström acknowledges support from FORTE (2015-00971).
VL  - 125
IS  - 2
SP  - 339
EP  - 375
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  -