TY - JOUR A1 - Moser, Othmar A1 - Tschakert, Gerhard A1 - Müller, Alexander A1 - Groeschl, Werner A1 - Pieber, Thomas R. A1 - Obermayer-Pietsch, Barbara A1 - Koehler, Gerd A1 - Hofmann, Peter T1 - Exercise versus Moderate Continuous Exercise on Glucose Homeostasis and Hormone Response in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using Novel Ultra-Long-Acting Insulin JF - PLoS one N2 - Introduction We investigated blood glucose (BG) and hormone response to aerobic high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate continuous exercise (CON) matched for mean load and duration in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Material and Methods Seven trained male subjects with T1DM performed a maximal incremental exercise test and HIIE and CON at 3 different mean intensities below (A) and above (B) the first lactate turn point and below the second lactate turn point (C) on a cycle ergometer. Subjects were adjusted to ultra-long-acting insulin Degludec (Tresiba/ Novo Nordisk, Denmark). Before exercise, standardized meals were administered, and short-acting insulin dose was reduced by 25% (A), 50% (B), and 75% (C) dependent on mean exercise intensity. During exercise, BG, adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, cortisol, glucagon, and insulin-like growth factor-1, blood lactate, heart rate, and gas exchange variables were measured. For 24 h after exercise, interstitial glucose was measured by continuous glucose monitoring system. Results BG decrease during HIIE was significantly smaller for B (p = 0.024) and tended to be smaller for A and C compared to CON. No differences were found for post-exercise interstitial glucose, acute hormone response, and carbohydrate utilization between HIIE and CON for A, B, and C. In HIIE, blood lactate for A (p = 0.006) and B (p = 0.004) and respiratory exchange ratio for A (p = 0.003) and B (p = 0.003) were significantly higher compared to CON but not for C. Conclusion Hypoglycemia did not occur during or after HIIE and CON when using ultra-long-acting insulin and applying our methodological approach for exercise prescription. HIIE led to a smaller BG decrease compared to CON, although both exercises modes were matched for mean load and duration, even despite markedly higher peak workloads applied in HIIE. Therefore, HIIE and CON could be safely performed in T1DM. KW - Insulin KW - Exercise KW - Glucose KW - Hypoglycemia KW - Carbohydrates KW - Blood KW - Blood sugar KW - Heart rate Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136489 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 10 IS - 8 PB - Public Library of Science CY - Lawrence ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jahn, Karolina A1 - Buschmann, Volker A1 - Hille, Carsten T1 - Simultaneous Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy in Living Cells JF - Scientific Reports N2 - In living cells, there are always a plethora of processes taking place at the same time. Their precise regulation is the basis of cellular functions, since small failures can lead to severe dysfunctions. For a comprehensive understanding of intracellular homeostasis, simultaneous multiparameter detection is a versatile tool for revealing the spatial and temporal interactions of intracellular parameters. Here, a recently developed time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) board was evaluated for simultaneous fluorescence and phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM/PLIM). Therefore, the metabolic activity in insect salivary glands was investigated by recording ns-decaying intrinsic cellular fluorescence, mainly related to oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and the μs-decaying phosphorescence of the oxygen-sensitive ruthenium-complex Kr341. Due to dopamine stimulation, the metabolic activity of salivary glands increased, causing a higher pericellular oxygen consumption and a resulting increase in Kr341 phosphorescence decay time. Furthermore, FAD fluorescence decay time decreased, presumably due to protein binding, thus inducing a quenching of FAD fluorescence decay time. Through application of the metabolic drugs antimycin and FCCP, the recorded signals could be assigned to a mitochondrial origin. The dopamine-induced changes could be observed in sequential FLIM and PLIM recordings, as well as in simultaneous FLIM/PLIM recordings using an intermediate TCSPC timing resolution. KW - Confocal microscopy KW - Fluorescence imaging KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Fluorescent probes Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14334 SN - 2045-2322 IS - 5 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - THES A1 - Krishnamoorthy, Praveen T1 - Regulatory roles of Ptdlns(4,5)P2 in trafficking of the cellulose synthase complex and identification of distinct plasma membrane localisation patterns of Arabidopsis PiP5-kinases Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - THES A1 - Heidemann-Malreddy, Birte T1 - Lost in a liminal space? BT - post-agreement north irish literature Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ogone, James Odhiambo T1 - Domesticating modernity in Africa BT - local epistemologies, foreign technologies and dynamics of mediation Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - THES A1 - Taßler, Stephanie T1 - Physical-Chemical Investigation of newly-synthesised Lysine-Based Amino-Functionalised Lipids for gene transfection in 2D and 3D model systems Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kröner, Dominik T1 - Laser-driven electron dynamics for circular dichroism in mass spectrometry BT - from one-photon excitations to multiphoton ionization JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - The distinction of enantiomers is a key aspect of chemical analysis. In mass spectrometry the distinction of enantiomers has been achieved by ionizing the sample with circularly polarized laser pulses and comparing the ion yields for light of opposite handedness. While resonant excitation conditions are expected to be most efficient, they are not required for the detection of a circular dichroism (CD) in the ion yield. However, the prediction of the size and sign of the circular dichroism becomes challenging if non-resonant multiphoton excitations are used to ionize the sample. Employing femtosecond laser pulses to drive electron wavepacket dynamics based on ab initio calculations, we attempt to reveal underlying mechanisms that determine the CD under non-resonant excitation conditions. Simulations were done for (R)-1,2-propylene oxide, using time-dependent configuration interaction singles with perturbative doubles (TD-CIS(D)) and the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. Interactions between the electric field and the electric dipole and quadrupole as well as between the magnetic field and the magnetic dipole were explicitly accounted for. The ion yield was determined by treating states above the ionization potential as either stationary or non-stationary with energy-dependent lifetimes based on an approved heuristic approach. The observed population dynamics do not allow for a simple interpretation, because of highly non-linear interactions. Still, the various transition pathways are governed by resonant enantiospecific n-photon excitation, with preferably high transition dipole moments, which eventually dominate the CD in the ionized population. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP02193F SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 29 IS - 17 SP - 19643 EP - 19655 PB - The Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lohren, Hanna A1 - Bornhorst, Julia A1 - Galla, Hans-Joachim A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja T1 - The blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier BT - First evidence for an active transport of organic mercury compounds out of the brain JF - Metallomics : integrated biometal science N2 - Exposure to organic mercury compounds promotes primarily neurological effects. Although methylmercury is recognized as a potent neurotoxicant, its transfer into the central nervous system (CNS) is not fully evaluated. While methylmercury and thiomersal pass the blood–brain barrier, limited data are available regarding the second brain regulating interface, the blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. This novel study was designed to investigate the effects of organic as well as inorganic mercury compounds on, and their transfer across, a porcine in vitro model of the blood–CSF barrier for the first time. The barrier system is significantly more sensitive towards organic Hg compounds as compared to inorganic compounds regarding the endpoints cytotoxicity and barrier integrity. Whereas there are low transfer rates from the blood side to the CSF side, our results strongly indicate an active transfer of the organic mercury compounds out of the CSF. These results are the first to demonstrate an efflux of organic mercury compounds regarding the CNS and provide a completely new approach in the understanding of mercury compounds specific transport. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5MT00171D SN - 1756-5901 SN - 1756-591X VL - 10 IS - 7 SP - 1420 EP - 1430 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer, S. A1 - Raber, G. A1 - Ebert, Franziska A1 - Leffers, L. A1 - Müller, Sandra Marie A1 - Taleshi, M. S. A1 - Francesconi, Kevin A. A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja T1 - In vitro toxicological characterisation of arsenic-containing fatty acids and three of their metabolites JF - Toxicology research N2 - Arsenic-containing fatty acids are a group of fat-soluble arsenic species (arsenolipids) which are present in marine fish and other seafood. Recently, it has been shown that arsenic-containing hydrocarbons, another group of arsenolipids, exert toxicity in similar concentrations comparable to arsenite although the toxic modes of action differ. Hence, a risk assessment of arsenolipids is urgently needed. In this study the cellular toxicity of a saturated (AsFA 362) and an unsaturated (AsFA 388) arsenic-containing fatty acid and three of their proposed metabolites (DMAV, DMAPr and thio-DMAPr) were investigated in human liver cells (HepG2). Even though both arsenic-containing fatty acids were less toxic as compared to arsenic-containing hydrocarbons and arsenite, significant effects were observable at μM concentrations. DMAV causes effects in a similar concentration range and it could be seen that it is metabolised to its highly toxic thio analogue thio-DMAV in HepG2 cells. Nevertheless, DMAPr and thio-DMAPr did not exert any cytotoxicity. In summary, our data indicate that risks to human health related to the presence of arsenic-containing fatty acids in marine food cannot be excluded. This stresses the need for a full in vitro and in vivo toxicological characterisation of these arsenolipids. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c5tx00122f SN - 2045-4538 VL - 5 IS - 4 SP - 1289 EP - 1296 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - THES A1 - Pfestorf, Hans T1 - Land use intensity and insect root herbivores BT - from spatial pattern to plant community feedback Y1 - 2015 ER -