TY - JOUR A1 - von Kalckreuth, Moritz T1 - Alltägliche Lebenswirklichkeit und ontologische Theorie JF - Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie : Zweimonatsschrift der internationalen philosophischen Forschung N2 - The aim of this paper is to discuss the relation between our experience in everyday life and ontological reflection. While many accounts in contemporary ontology still defend the idea that the world consists only of material objects, some new views on everyday metaphysics or social ontology which try to articulate the specific properties of the objects used and found in ordinary life have been established during the last years. In the critical ontology of Nicolai Hartmann, the social and cultural dimension of our life is situated in the sphere of spiritual being [Geistiges Sein]. By investigating the methodical relation of phenomenology and critical ontology as well as specific entities (objective spirit, cultural objects), it is established that Hartmann offers a wide and methodologically reflected view which could be able to satisfy the practical significance of these entities. KW - Nicolai Hartmann KW - ontology KW - phenomenology KW - culture KW - objective spirit KW - social ontology KW - artefacts Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/dzph-2020-0017 SN - 0012-1045 SN - 2192-1482 VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - 275 EP - 287 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Kalckreuth, Moritz Alexander T1 - Expansivität, Objektivität und Aktualität des Betroffenseins T1 - Expansiveness, objectivity, and actuality in affection T1 - ЭКСПАНСИВНОСТЬ, ОБЪЕКТИВНОСТЬ И АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ АФФЕКТИВНОСТИ BT - Nicolai Hartmenn's Theory of Person, it's position in his Ontology of Intellectual Being and it's relations to Phenomenology BT - Nicolai Hartmanns Theorie der Person, ihre Verortung in seiner Ontologie geistigen Seins und ihr Verhältnis zur Phänomenologie BT - ТЕОРИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ НИКОЛАЯ ГАРТМАНА, ЕЕ МЕСТО В ЕГО ОНТОЛОГИИ ДУХОВНОГО БЫТИЯ И ЕЕ ОТНОШЕНИЕ К ОНТОЛОГИИ JF - Horizon : studies in phenomenology : Studien zur Phänomenologie : fenomenologičeskie issledovanija : études phénoménologiques N2 - The aim of this paper is to discuss Nicolai Hartmann’s conception of personhood as developed in his philosophy of spiritual being. Many contemporary accounts of personhood are systematically focused on rational phenomena as self-consciousness or practical reasoning, which are understood as ‘conditions of personhood’. Apart from having some technical problems, those accounts limit our self-under-standing as persons on distinct rational properties and often fail to consider the sociocultural aspects of the personal situation. Nicolai Hartmann — although respecting the role of reason — understands personhood particularly as participation in a shared spiritual sphere called Objektiver Geist (objective spirit), which includes various intersubjective phenomena as languages, religion, moral, arts, and the sciences. Being part of this sphere seems to be more fundamental than having distinct rational properties, which requests a spiritual frame to be exerted. Further it is shown that Hartmann’s ontology of person also includes a notion of being affected by the existential weight of situations and other person’s actions — an idea often maintained by phenomenological positions. By regarding rational, intersubjective and affective aspects, Hartmann’s philosophy of person succeeds in offering a broad articulation of our self-understanding and may also be seen as providing a background to understand certain phenomena that are part of the personal situation. N2 - Целью данного исследования является анализ концепции личности у Николая Гартмана, разработанной в контексте его философии духовного бытия. Многие современные концепции личности фокусируются систематическим образом на рациональном феномене самосознания или практическом основании, которые и понимаются как «условия личности». Кроме того, что эти концепции имеют ряд технических проблем для своей реализации, они ограничивают са- мопонимание личности определенными рациональными свойствами и зачастую не способны учитывать социокультурный аспект личностной жизни. Николай Гартман — несмотря на его уважительное отношение к рациональному осмыслению — понимает личность в контексте ее участия в общей духовной сфере, названной объективным духом, который включает в себя различные интерсубъективные феномены, такие как языки, религия, мораль, искусство и наука. Способ бытия как часть этой сферы, по-видимому, более фундаментален, чем обладание конкретными рациональными свойствами, что в свою очередь предполагает наличие духовных ограничений. Также в статье показывается, что онтология личности у Гартмана подразумевает понятие аффектации экзистенциальной тяжестью ситуации и воздействием других личностей, что, в свою очередь, является расхожей идеей в феноменологии. Если принимать в расчет рациональные, интерсубъективные и аффективные аспекты, то философия личности Гартмана предлагает широкий спектр самопонимания личности и предлагает условия для постижения определенных феноменов, образующих личностную ситуацию. KW - Nicolai Hartmann KW - personhood KW - person KW - spiritual being KW - phenomenology KW - ontology KW - body KW - affection Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21638/2226-5260-2019-8-1-211-229 SN - 2226-5260 SN - 2311-6986 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 211 EP - 229 PB - St. Petersburg University Press CY - St. Petersburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edinger, Sebastian T1 - Eine kleine Genealogie des Verhältnisses von Anthropologie und Ontologie im Denken Adornos mit einem Seitenblick auf Ulrich Sonnemann JF - Das Leben im Menschen oder der Mensch im Leben? KW - Philosophie KW - Anthropologie KW - Ontologie KW - Ulrich Sonnemann KW - Theodor W. Adorno KW - philosophy KW - anthropology KW - ontology Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-396086 SN - 978-3-86956-382-4 SP - 255 EP - 270 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Comber, Alexis A1 - Mooney, Peter A1 - Purves, Ross S. A1 - Rocchini, Duccio A1 - Walz, Ariane T1 - Crowdsourcing: it matters who the crowd are BT - the impacts of between group variations in recording land cover T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Volunteered geographical information (VGI) and citizen science have become important sources data for much scientific research. In the domain of land cover, crowdsourcing can provide a high temporal resolution data to support different analyses of landscape processes. However, the scientists may have little control over what gets recorded by the crowd, providing a potential source of error and uncertainty. This study compared analyses of crowdsourced land cover data that were contributed by different groups, based on nationality (labelled Gondor and Non-Gondor) and on domain experience (labelled Expert and Non-Expert). The analyses used a geographically weighted model to generate maps of land cover and compared the maps generated by the different groups. The results highlight the differences between the maps how specific land cover classes were under-and over-estimated. As crowdsourced data and citizen science are increasingly used to replace data collected under the designed experiment, this paper highlights the importance of considering between group variations and their impacts on the results of analyses. Critically, differences in the way that landscape features are conceptualised by different groups of contributors need to be considered when using crowdsourced data in formal scientific analyses. The discussion considers the potential for variation in crowdsourced data, the relativist nature of land cover and suggests a number of areas for future research. The key finding is that the veracity of citizen science data is not the critical issue per se. Rather, it is important to consider the impacts of differences in the semantics, affordances and functions associated with landscape features held by different groups of crowdsourced data contributors. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 539 KW - volunteered geographic information KW - citizen science KW - categories KW - landscape KW - accuracy KW - ontology KW - internet Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410894 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 539 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nessel, Camille T1 - Die Logik des selbstlosen Gebens im Spiegel des normativen und rationalen Paradigmas T1 - The impact of normative and rational paradigmes on altruism BT - ein Vergleich zwischen Émile Durkheim und James Coleman BT - comparing Emile Durkheim and James Coleman N2 - The word altruism derives from the French sociologist Auguste Comte, who also happens to be the founder of sociology. It can be best described with the term selflessness and is mostly regarded in contrast to the so called rational and egocentric behaviour of human beings. People who support the idea of a rational protagonist often reject the idea of altruism. On the contrary people who believe in altruistic human beings are rather rare and do not support the idea of a purely egoist human being. The presented BA Thesis examined this controversy on the example of Emile Durkheim and James Coleman who both represent different ideas when it comes to altruism. While Durkheim sees altruism as an evident feature of human nature, Coleman denies its existence. Instead, he is assuming that human behaviour is driven by egoism and he therefore exemplifies the rational-choice concept. The opposing approaches towards altruism are rooted in the different premises, which also lead to different methodological paths in social or sociological theory. The methodological individualism portrayed through Coleman starts from an egocentric, rational stakeholder, whereas the methodological collectivism finds it origin in a normative world view. The paper analysed these approaches. By comparing both ontologies I tried to show the limits of both theories and a way out of the methodological dispute and subsequently between the altruism-egoism controversies. N2 - Der Begriff Altruismus geht auf Auguste Comte, den Gründer der Soziologie zurück. Es bezeichnet zugleich Uneigennütziges als auch selbstloses Verhalten von Individuen und wird daher oft dem egoistischen Verhalten gegenübergestellt. Die zahlreichen Anhänger des rationalen-egoistischem Paradigma lehnen die Idee der altruistischen Natur des Menschen meist ab, wohingegen die Anhänger des Altruismus nicht nur schwerer zu finden sind, sondern vor allem die Idee einer rein egoistischen Natur ablehnen. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Altruismus-Begriffe der Soziologen Emile Durkheim und James Coleman, welche die Kontroverse zwischen den unterschiedlichen Paradigmen wiederspiegeln. Ziel dieser Arbeit wird es sein, die unterschiedlichen Altruismus-Konzepte von Durkheim und Coleman zunächst vorzustellen, anschließend einander gegenüberzustellen und darauf folgend zu untersuchen, welche Auswirkung ihre unterschiedlichen Weltanschauungen, Prämissen und Methodologien auf ihr Verständnis von der Logik des selbstlosen Gebens haben. Durch den Vergleich soll versucht werden die Grenzen beider Theorien aufzuzeigen und damit auch ein Ausweg aus dem methodologischem Disput, welcher folglich zur Überwindung der Altruismus-Egoismus Kontroverse beitragen soll. KW - altruism KW - egoism KW - rational choice theory KW - methodological individualism KW - methodological collectivism KW - Methodenstreit KW - ontology KW - macro-micro-macro-model KW - Durkheim KW - Coleman KW - Caillé KW - Altruismus KW - Egoismus KW - Rational-Choice KW - methodologischer Individualismus KW - methodologischer Kollektivismus KW - Methodenstreit KW - Ontologie KW - Makro-Mikro-Makro-Modell KW - Durkheim KW - Coleman KW - Caillé Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88529 ER -