TY - JOUR A1 - van de Weijer, Steve A1 - Bijleveld, Catrien A1 - Huschek, Doreen T1 - Offending and mortality JF - Advances in life course research N2 - Background: Previous research has shown that offenders are at increased risk to die prematurely, but the etiology of this association is still unknown. Moreover, most previous studies use relatively short follow-up periods and do not take into account variation within the offender population with respect to frequency, timing and types of offenses. Method: Using conviction data for a number of families at high-risk of offending born on average in 1932, we study mortality in both offenders and non-offenders, from a similar socio-economic background, until 2007. We condition on life expectancy of the parents, age, gender, year of birth and marital status. We investigate associations between mortality and offending for different types of offenses: violent offenses, property offenses, weapons offenses, drugs offenses and driving under influence. Results: In general, offending sample members were not significantly more likely to have died than non offending sample members. Compared to the general population, however, both the offending and non offending sample members were at increased risk to die. Sample members who were convicted for driving under the influence of alcohol or weapons offenses were at increased risk to die prematurely compared to non-offending sample members. Conclusions: The relationship between offending in general and mortality is largely spurious. Limitations: The use of official conviction data might have influenced the results. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Mortality KW - Offending KW - Mechanisms KW - Survival KW - The Netherlands Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2015.11.004 SN - 1569-4909 SN - 1879-6974 VL - 28 SP - 91 EP - 99 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gross, Stephanie A1 - Claus, Philip A1 - Wohlsein, Peter A1 - Kesselring, Tina A1 - Lakemeyer, Jan A1 - Reckendorf, Anja A1 - Roller, Marco A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Siebert, Ursula T1 - Indication of lethal interactions between a solitary bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the German Baltic Sea JF - BMC zoology N2 - Background Aggressive interactions between bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) have been reported in different parts of the world since the late 1990s. In the Baltic Sea, harbor porpoises are the only native cetacean species, while bottlenose dolphins may appear there temporarily. In the fall of 2016, a solitary male photo-identified bottlenose dolphin stayed in the German Baltic Sea of Schleswig-Holstein for 3 months. During that time, the necropsies of the stranded harbor porpoises revealed types of trauma of varying degrees in six animals, which is unusual in this area. The purpose of this study was to determine if the appearance of the bottlenose dolphin could be linked to the trauma of the harbor porpoise carcasses. Results Pathological findings in these animals included subcutaneous, thoracic and abdominal hemorrhages, multiple, mainly bilateral, rib fractures, and one instance of lung laceration. These findings correspond with the previously reported dolphin-caused injuries in other regions. Moreover, public sighting reports showed a spatial and temporal correlation between the appearance of the dolphin and the stranding of fatally injured harbor porpoises. Conclusion Despite the fact that no attack has been witnessed in German waters to date, our findings indicate the first record of lethal interactions between a bottlenose dolphin and harbor porpoises in the German Baltic Sea. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first report of porpoise aggression by a socially isolated bottlenose dolphin. KW - Cetaceans KW - Interspecific aggression KW - Porpicide KW - Blunt trauma KW - Mortality KW - Stranding Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-020-00061-7 SN - 2056-3132 VL - 5 IS - 1 PB - BMC CY - London ER -