TY - JOUR A1 - Kawasaki, Yui A1 - Akamatsu, Rie A1 - Fujiwara, Yoko A1 - Omori, Mika A1 - Sugawara, Masumi A1 - Yamazaki, Yoko A1 - Matsumoto, Satoko A1 - Iwakabe, Shigeru A1 - Kobayashi, Tetsuyuki T1 - Later chronotype is associated with unhealthful plant-based diet quality in young Japanese women JF - Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking N2 - Background: Having a late chronotype, that is, the tendency to go to sleep and wake up at later hours, influences an individual's physical and mental health. Despite a few studies noting the association of chronotype with healthy dietary patterns, this relationship remains unclear. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the association of chronotype with healthful and unhealthful plant-based diet quality in female Japanese undergraduate students. Design: Cross-sectional. Participants and setting: A total of 218 female university students in Tokyo, Japan. Main outcome measures: Healthful and unhealthful plant-based dietary index-Japanese version (hPDI-J and uPDIJ), calculated using the validated brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Statistical analyses performed: A five-model stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was conducted. Independent variables were hPDI-J and uPDI-J scores, and dependent variables were various lifestyle habits related to the circadian rhythm and demographic characteristics. Results: Mean (standard deviation) sleep duration, midpoint of sleep, sleep latency time, and social jetlag were 411 (60) min, 03:56 (00:57), 21 (27) min, and 50 (39) min, respectively. Chronotype and several variables, such as residential status, energy and alcohol intake, and nutritional knowledge, were associated with healthful and unhealthful plant-based diet quality. Individuals who had higher hPDI-J scores were more likely to have an earlier chronotype (13 = -0.168, P = 0.019) and better nutritional knowledge (13 = 0.164, P = 0.022) than those with lower hPDI-J scores. Individuals were more likely to have higher uPDI-J scores if they were living alone (13 = -0.301, P < 0.001), had a later chronotype (13 = 0.181, P = 0.001), higher frequency of snacking (13 = 0.164, P = 0.019), lower total energy (13 = -0.445, P < 0.001), and worse nutritional knowledge (13 = -0.172, P = 0.001). Conclusion: This study provided new evidence as to the relationship between sleep and dietary habits, the interaction of which may affect women's health. KW - Chronotype KW - Plant-based diet KW - Sustainability KW - University students KW - Female Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105468 SN - 0195-6663 SN - 1095-8304 VL - 166 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kawasaki, Yui A1 - Akamatsu, Rie A1 - Fujiwara, Yoko A1 - Omori, Mika A1 - Sugawara, Masumi A1 - Yamazaki, Yoko A1 - Matsumoto, Satoko A1 - Iwakabe, Shigeru A1 - Kobayashi, Tetsuyuki T1 - Is mindful eating sustainable and healthy? BT - a focus on nutritional intake, food consumption, and plant-based dietary patterns among lean and normal-weight female university students in Japan JF - Eating and weight disorders : studies on anorexia, bulimia and obesity N2 - Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between mindful eating and nutritional intake, food consumption, and healthful and unhealthful plant-based dietary patterns in young Japanese women. Methods: The sample comprised 215 female undergraduates who responded to a two-questionnaire anonymous survey conducted in Tokyo, Japan in 2018 and 2019 from November to December. We measured mindful eating status using the Expanded Mindful Eating Scale (EMES) and used Japanese plant-based dietary indices to determine plant-based dietary patterns. Partial correlation analyses were conducted to determine the correlation of mindful eating with energy and nutrient intake, food consumption, and plant-based dietary patterns, after adjusting for demographics and body mass index. Results: Participants with higher sub-scores in "health of the planet" and "awareness and appreciation for food" ate higher quantities of several micronutrients and plant-based foods and were more likely to have a healthful plant-based dietary pattern. They were also less likely to have an unhealthful plant-based dietary pattern. In contrast, participants with higher scores in "non-judgmental awareness" ate less protein, whole grains, and vegetables, and were likely to have an unhealthful plant-based dietary pattern. Conclusion: This study is the first to show that young Japanese women with normal or lean body weight were more likely to consume healthful plant-based foods when they ate mindfully. Level V: Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees. KW - Mindful eating KW - Dietary intake KW - Sustainability KW - Plant-based diet KW - Undergraduate students Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-020-01093-1 SN - 1590-1262 VL - 26 IS - 7 SP - 2183 EP - 2199 PB - Springer International Publ. CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eigelshoven, Felix A1 - Ullrich, André A1 - Bender, Benedict T1 - Public blockchain BT - a systematic literature review on the sustainability of consensus algorithms T2 - Proceedings of the 28th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS)- A Virtual AIS Conference N2 - Blockchain has the potential to change business transactions to a major extent. Thereby, underlying consensus algorithms are the core mechanism to achieve consistency in distributed infrastructures. Their application aims for transparency and accountability in societal transactions. As a result of missing reviews holistically covering consensus algorithms, we aim to (1) identify prevalent consensus algorithms for public blockchains, and (2) address the resource perspective with a sustainability consideration (whereby we address the three spheres of sustainability). Our systematic literature review identified 33 different consensus algorithms for public blockchains. Our contribution is twofold: first, we provide a systematic summary of consensus algorithms for public blockchains derived from the scientific literature as well as real-world applications and systemize them according to their research focus; second, we assess the sustainability of consensus algorithms using a representative sample and thereby highlight the gaps in literature to address the holistic sustainability of consensus algorithms. KW - Blockchain KW - Consensus algorithms KW - Sustainability KW - Systematic literature revieew Y1 - 2020 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2020_rp/202 SP - 1 EP - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - Ramsey meets Thünen BT - the impact of land taxes on economic development and land conservation JF - International tax and public finance N2 - Land taxes can increase production in the manufacturing sector and enhance land conservation at the same time, which can lead to overall macroeconomic growth. Existing research emphasizes the non-distorting properties of land taxes (when fixed factors are taxed) as well as growth-enhancing impacts (when asset portfolios are shifted to reproducible capital). This paper furthers the neoclassical perspective on land taxes by endogenizing land allocation decisions in a multi-sector growth model. Based on von Thünen’s observation, agricultural land is created from wilderness through conversion and cultivation, both of which are associated with costs. In the steady state of our general equilibrium model, land taxes not only may reduce land consumption (associated with environmental benefits) but may also affect overall economic output, while leaving wages and interest rates unaffected. When labor productivity is higher in the manufacturing than in the agricultural sector and agricultural and manufactured goods are substitutes (or the economy is open to world trade), land taxes increase aggregate economic output. There is a complex interplay of conservation policy, technological change and land taxes, depending on consumer preferences, sectoral labor productivities and openness-to-trade. Our model introduces a new perspective on land taxes in current policy debates on development, tax reforms as well as forest conservation. KW - Structural shift KW - Structural change KW - REDD KW - Henry George KW - Forest conservation KW - Sustainability KW - Johann Heinrich von Thunen Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-016-9403-6 SN - 0927-5940 SN - 1573-6970 VL - 24 SP - 350 EP - 380 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balderjahn, Ingo A1 - Peyer, Mathias A1 - Seegebarth, Barbara A1 - Wiedmann, Klaus-Peter A1 - Weber, Anja T1 - The many faces of sustainability-conscious consumers BT - a category-independent typology JF - Journal of Business Research N2 - Responding to the global call for a "sustainable economy" requires meaningful insights into sustainability-conscious consumers and their actual buying behaviors. Sustainable consumption is not an all-or-nothing phenomenon because it encompasses several distinct behavioral patterns and consumption types. Therefore, companies are well advised to recognize multiple types of sustainability-conscious consumers with different expectations, attitudes, and values and to implement targeting strategies that do not rest on the assumption of homogeneity. Thus, the objective of this study is to provide a more fine-grained picture of (un)sustainable consumer segments and their differentiated effects in different product markets. Based on three large datasets, we create a robust six-segment typology of consumer consciousness regarding sustainable consumption. By using panel data on actual purchases, the results show not only that sustainability concerns significantly positively influence actual sustainable purchases, as expected, but also that sustainable buying can occur independently of sustainability concerns. KW - Sustainability KW - Consumer typology KW - Consciousness regarding sustainable KW - consumption KW - Purchasing panel data KW - Human values Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.05.022 SN - 0148-2963 SN - 1873-7978 VL - 91 SP - 83 EP - 93 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - THES A1 - Egli, Lukas T1 - Stabilizing agricultural systems through diversity N2 - In the light of climate change, rising demands for agricultural products and the intensification and specialization of agricultural systems, ensuring an adequate and reliable supply of food is fundamental for food security. Maintaining diversity and redundancy has been postulated as one generic principle to increase the resilience of agricultural production and other ecosystem services. For example, if one crop fails due to climate instability and extreme events, others can compensate the losses. Crop diversity might be particularly important if different crops show asynchronous production trends. Furthermore, spatial heterogeneity has been suggested to increase stability at larger scales as production losses in some areas can be buffered by surpluses in undisturbed ones. Besides systematically investigating the mechanisms underlying stability, identifying transformative pathways that foster them is important. In my thesis, I aim at answering the following questions: (i) How does yield stability differ between nations, regions and farms, and what is the effect of crop diversity on yield stability in relation to agricultural inputs, climate heterogeneity, climate instability and time at the national, regional or farm level? (ii) Is asynchrony between crops a better predictor of production stability than crop diversity? (iii) What is the effect of asynchrony between and within crops on stability and how is it related to crop diversity and space, respectively? (iv) What is the state of the art and what are knowledge gaps in exploring resilience and its multidimensionality in ecological and social-ecological systems with agent-based models and what are potential ways forward? In the first chapter, I provide the theoretical background for the subsequent analyses. I stress the need to better understand the resilience of social-ecological systems and particularly the stability of agricultural production. Moreover, I introduce diversity and spatial heterogeneity as two prominently discussed resilience mechanisms and describe approaches to assess resilience. In the second chapter, I combined agriculture and climate data at three levels of organization and spatial extents to investigate yield stability patterns and their relation to crop diversity, fertilizer, irrigation, climate heterogeneity and instability and time of nations globally, regions in Europe and farms in Germany using statistical analyses. Yield stability decreased from the national to the farm level. Several nations and regions substantially contributed to larger-scale stability. Crop diversity was positively associated with yield stability across all three levels of organization. This effect was typically more profound at smaller scales and in variable climates. In addition to crop diversity, climate heterogeneity was an important stabilizing mechanism especially at larger scales. These results confirm the stabilizing effect of crop diversity and spatial heterogeneity, yet their importance depends on the scale and agricultural management. Building on the findings of the second chapter, I deepened in the third chapter my research on the effect of crop diversity at the national level. In particular, I tested if asynchrony between crops, i.e. between the temporal production patterns of different crops, better predicts agricultural production stability than crop diversity. The stabilizing effect of asynchrony was multiple times higher than the effect of crop diversity, i.e. asynchrony is one important property that can explain why a higher diversity supports the stability of national food production. Therefore, strategies to stabilize agricultural production through crop diversification also need to account for the asynchrony of the crops considered. The previous chapters suggest that both asynchrony between crops and spatial heterogeneity are important stabilizing mechanisms. In the fourth chapter, I therefore aimed at better understanding the relative importance of asynchrony between and within crops, i.e. between the temporal production patterns of different crops and between the temporal production patterns of different cultivation areas of the same crop. Better understanding their relative importance is important to inform agricultural management decisions, but so far this has been hardly assessed. To address this, I used crop production data to study the effect of asynchrony between and within crops on the stability of agricultural production in regions in Germany and nations in Europe. Both asynchrony between and within crops consistently stabilized agricultural production. Adding crops increased asynchrony between crops, yet this effect levelled off after eight crops in regions in Germany and after four crops in nations in Europe. Combining already ten farms within a region led to high asynchrony within crops, indicating distinct production patters, while this effect was weaker when combining multiple regions within a nation. The results suggest, that both mechanisms need to be considered in agricultural management strategies that strive for more resilient farming systems. The analyses in the foregoing chapters focused at different levels of organization, scales and factors potentially influencing agricultural stability. However, these statistical analyses are restricted by data availability and investigate correlative relationships, thus they cannot provide a mechanistic understanding of the actual processes underlying resilience. In this regard, agent-based models (ABM) are a promising tool. Besides their ability to measure different properties and to integrate multiple situations through extensive manipulation in a fully controlled system, they can capture the emergence of system resilience from individual interactions and feedbacks across different levels of organization. In the fifth chapter, I therefore reviewed the state of the art and potential knowledge gaps in exploring resilience and its multidimensionality in ecological and social-ecological systems with ABMs. Next, I derived recommendations for a more effective use of ABMs in resilience research. The review suggests that the potential of ABMs is not utilized in most models as they typically focus on a single dimension of resilience and are mostly limited to one reference state, disturbance type and scale. Moreover, only few studies explicitly test the ability of different mechanisms to support resilience. To solve real-world problems related to the resilience of complex systems, ABMs need to assess multiple stability properties for different situations and under consideration of the mechanisms that are hypothesized to render a system resilient. In the sixth chapter, I discuss the major conclusions that can be drawn from the previous chapters. Moreover, I showcase the use of simulation models to identify management strategies to enhance asynchrony and thus stability, and the potential of ABMs to identify pathways to implement such strategies. The results of my thesis confirm the stabilizing effect of crop diversity, yet its importance depends on the scale, agricultural management and climate. Moreover, strategies to stabilize agricultural production through crop diversification also need to account for the asynchrony of the crops considered. As spatial heterogeneity and particularly asynchrony within crops strongly enhances stability, integrated management approaches are needed that simultaneously address multiple resilience mechanisms at different levels of organization, scales and time horizons. For example, the simulation suggests that only increasing the number of crops at both the pixel and landscape level avoids trade-offs between asynchrony between and within crops. If their potential is better exploited, agent-based models have the capacity to systematically assess resilience and to identify comprehensive pathways towards resilient farming systems. N2 - In Anbetracht des Klimawandels, steigender Nachfrage nach landwirtschaftlichen Produkten und der weitgehenden Intensivierung und Spezialisierung landwirtschaftlicher Systeme ist eine ausreichende und zuverlässige Nahrungsmittelproduktion zentral für die Ernährungssicherheit. Eine hohe Nutzpflanzenvielfalt und räumliche Heterogenität können helfen, die Resilienz bzw. Widerstandsfähigkeit der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion zu stärken. Fällt zum Beispiel die Ernte einer Nutzpflanze aufgrund einer Dürre aus, können andere die Verluste ausgleichen. Außerdem können Produktionsverluste in einigen Gebieten durch Überschüsse in anderen Gebieten kompensiert werden. In meiner Arbeit habe ich mittels umfassender Landwirtschafts- und Klimadaten und statistischer Analysen untersucht, wie sich insbesondere Nutzpflanzenvielfalt und Klimaheterogenität auf zeitliche Ertragsstabilität auswirken. Zudem habe ich evaluiert, ob asynchrone Produktionstrends unterschiedlicher Nutzpflanzen den stabilisierenden Effekt einer hohen Nutpflanzenvielfalt erklären können. Außerdem habe ich den Effekt asynchroner Produktionstrends unterschiedlicher Nutzpflanzen und von unterschiedlichen Anbaugebieten derselben Nutzpflanze in Bezug auf Produktionsstabilität verglichen und mit einer Computersimulation eruiert, wie diese Mechanismen durch Diversifizierung verändert werden. Zum Schluss habe ich untersucht, wie umfassend die Resilienz ökologischer und sozioökologischer Systeme mittels agentenbasierter Modelle bislang erforscht wurde. Die Untersuchungen dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass Nutzpflanzenvielfalt die landwirtschaftliche Produktion auf sämtlichen untersuchten Organisationsebenen stabilisiert. Asynchrone Produktionstrends unterschiedlicher Nutzpflanzen können erklären, warum eine höhere Diversität die Produktion stabilisiert. Daneben sind asynchrone Produktionstrends unterschiedlicher Anbaugebiete besonders wichtig. Meine Simulation zeigt, dass nur eine Diversifizierung auf Feld- und Landschaftsebene asynchrone Produktionsmuster zwischen Nutpflanzen und Anbaugebieten gleichzeitig erhöht oder zumindest keine der beiden Mechanismen verringert. Agentenbasierte Modelle bieten die Möglichkeit, Resilienz systematisch zu untersuchen und Wege aufzuzeigen, die zu resilienteren Anbausystemen führen. Meine Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit umfassenderer Ansätze um eine resiliente, produktive und nachhaltige landwirtschaftliche Produktion in Zeiten globaler Veränderungsprozesse zu erreichen. Dies beinhaltet insbesondere eine Diversifizierung der Nutzpflanzen auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen unter Berücksichtigung der zeitlichen Produktionstrends sowie eine nachhaltige Nutzung landwirtschaftlicher Betriebsmittel. T2 - Stabilisierung landwirtschaftlicher Systeme durch Diversität KW - Agent-based models KW - Agroecology KW - Resilience KW - Social-ecological systems KW - Sustainability KW - Agentenbasierte Modelle KW - Agrarökologie KW - Resilienz KW - Sozialökologische Systeme KW - Nachhaltigkeit Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-496848 ER - TY - THES A1 - Diab, Sarah T1 - Der Einfluss von nachhaltigem Konsumbewusstsein auf Luxuskonsum unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Moderatoren N2 - Das Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war es herauszuarbeiten, ob Nachhaltigkeitsbewusstsein den Konsum von Luxusgütern beeinflusst und ob verschiedene Moderatoren einen Einfluss auf diesen Zusammenhang ausüben. Das Nachhaltigkeitsbewusstsein wurde dabei basierend auf dem von Balderjahn et al. (2013) entwickelten Consciousness-for-sustainable-consumption-Modell durch die ökologische, soziale und die ökonomische Nachhaltigkeit sowie ergänzend durch das Tierschutzbewusstsein und Bewusstsein für lokale Produktion repräsentiert. Als Moderatoren dienten das Streben nach sozialer Anerkennung und Prestige, Materialismus, Hedonismus und Traditionsbewusstsein. Für die Aufdeckung möglicher Zusammenhänge zwischen den verschiedenen Dimensionen der Nachhaltigkeit und Luxuskonsum wurde eine Prädiktorenanalyse durchgeführt. Moderatorenanalysen offenbarten zusätzlich, ob ein Einfluss der verschiedenen Moderatoren auf die einzelnen Zusammenhänge vorlag. Die Untersuchung zeigte, dass jeweils das Umweltbewusstsein, das Bewusstsein für genügsamen Konsum sowie das Bewusstsein für schuldenfreien Konsum als Teil der ökonomischen Nachhaltigkeit und das Tierschutzbewusstsein einen Einfluss auf den Luxuskonsum ausüben. Darüber hinaus konnten insgesamt sieben Einflüsse durch die verschiedenen Moderatorvariablen auf die unterschiedlichen Zusammenhänge zwischen den Nachhaltigkeitsdimensionen und Luxuskonsum aufgedeckt werden. T2 - Impact of consciousness of sustainable consumption on luxury consumption considering different moderators KW - Nachhaltigkeitsbewusstsein KW - Nachhaltiger Konsum KW - Consciousness-for-sustainable-consumption-Modell KW - Luxuskonsum KW - Luxusgüter KW - Sustainable consumption KW - Sustainability KW - Sustainability awareness KW - Consciousness-for-sustainable-consuption model KW - luxury consumption KW - luxury goods Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balderjahn, Ingo A1 - Buerke, Anja A1 - Kirchgeorg, Manfred A1 - Peyer, Mathias A1 - Seegebarth, Barbara A1 - Wiedmann, Klaus-Peter T1 - Consciousness for sustainable consumption : scale development and new insights in the economic dimension of consumers’ sustainability JF - AMS review : official publication of the Academy of Marketing Scienc N2 - The “triple bottom line” concept (planet, people, and profit) represents an important guideline for the sustainable, hence future-oriented, development of societies and for the behaviors of all societal members. For institutions promoting societal change, as well as for companies being confronted with growing expectations regarding compelling contributions to sustainable changes, it is of great importance to know if, and to what extent, consumers have already internalized the idea of sustainability. Against the background of existing research gaps regarding a comprehensive measurement of the consciousness for sustainable consumption (CSC), the authors present the result of a scale development. Consciousness was operationalized by weighting personal beliefs with the importance attached by consumers to sustainability dimensions. Four separate tests of the CSC scale indicated an appropriate psychometric quality of the scale and provided support for this new measurement approach that incorporates the environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainability. KW - Sustainability KW - Consciousness for sustainable consumption KW - Scale development Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-013-0057-6 SN - 1869-814X SN - 1869-8182 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 181 EP - 192 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - THES A1 - Falco, Camillo T1 - Sustainable biomass-derived hydrothermal carbons for energy applications T1 - Nachhaltiger, Biomasse-basierter Hydrothermalkohlenstoff für Energieanwendungen N2 - The need to reduce humankind reliance on fossil fuels by exploiting sustainably the planet renewable resources is a major driving force determining the focus of modern material research. For this reason great interest is nowadays focused on finding alternatives to fossil fuels derived products/materials. For the short term the most promising substitute is undoubtedly biomass, since it is the only renewable and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels as carbon source. As a consequence efforts, aimed at finding new synthetic approaches to convert biomass and its derivatives into carbon-based materials, are constantly increasing. In this regard, hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) has shown to be an effective means of conversion of biomass-derived precursors into functional carbon materials. However the attempts to convert raw biomass, in particular lignocellulosic one, directly into such products have certainly been rarer. Unlocking the direct use of these raw materials as carbon precursors would definitely be beneficial in terms of HTC sustainability. For this reason, in this thesis the HTC of carbohydrate and protein-rich biomass was systematically investigated, in order to obtain more insights on the potentials of this thermochemical processing technique in relation to the production of functional carbon materials from crude biomass. First a detailed investigation on the HTC conversion mechanism of lignocellulosic biomass and its single components (i.e. cellulose, lignin) was developed based on a comparison with glucose HTC, which was adopted as a reference model. In the glucose case it was demonstrated that varying the HTC temperature allowed tuning the chemical structure of the synthesised carbon materials from a highly cross-linked furan-based structure (T = 180oC) to a carbon framework composed of polyaromatic arene-like domains. When cellulose or lignocellulosic biomass was used as carbon precursor, the furan rich structure could not be isolated at any of the investigated processing conditions. These evidences were indicative of a different HTC conversion mechanism for cellulose, involving reactions that are commonly observed during pyrolytic processes. The evolution of glucose-derived HTC carbon chemical structure upon pyrolysis was also investigated. These studies revealed that upon heat treatment (Investigated temperatures 350 – 900 oC) the furan-based structure was progressively converted into highly curved aromatic pre-graphenic domains. This thermal degradation process was observed to produce an increasingly more hydrophobic surface and considerable microporosity within the HTC carbon structure. In order to introduce porosity in the HTC carbons derived from lignocellulosic biomass, KOH chemical activation was investigated as an HTC post-synthesis functionalisation step. These studies demonstrated that HTC carbons are excellent precursors for the production of highly microporous activated carbons (ACs) and that the porosity development upon KOH chemical activation is dependent on the chemical structure of the HTC carbon, tuned by employing different HTC temperatures. Preliminary testing of the ACs for CO2 capture or high pressure CH4 storage yielded very promising results, since the measured uptakes of both adsorbates (i.e. CO2 and CH4) were comparable to top-performing and commercially available adsorbents, usually employed for these end-applications. The combined use of HTC and KOH chemical activation was also employed to produce highly microporous N-doped ACs from microalgae. The hydrothermal treatment of the microalgae substrate was observed to cause the depletion of the protein and carbohydrate fractions and the near complete loss (i.e. 90%) of the microalgae N-content, as liquid hydrolysis/degradation products. The obtained carbonaceous product showed a predominantly aliphatic character indicating the presence of alkyl chains presumably derived from the lipid fractions. Addition of glucose to the initial reaction mixture was found out to be extremely beneficial, because it allowed the fixation of a higher N amount, in the algae derived HTC carbons (i.e.  60%), and the attainment of higher product yields (50%). Both positive effects were attributed to Maillard type cascade reactions taking place between the monosaccharides and the microalgae derived liquid hydrolysis/degradation products, which were in this way recovered from the liquid phase. KOH chemical activation of the microalgae/glucose mixture derived HTC carbons produced highly microporous N-doped carbons. Although the activation process led to a major reduction of the N-content, the retained N-amount in the ACs was still considerable. These features render these materials ideal candidates for supercapacitors electrodes, since they provide extremely high surface areas, for the formation of electric double-layer, coupled to abundant heteroatom doping (i.e. N and O) necessary to obtain a pseudocapacitance contribution. N2 - Die Notwendigkeit, die Abhängigkeit der Menschheit von fossilen Brennstoffen zu reduzieren ist die treibende Kraft hinter aktuellen Forschungsanstrengungen in den Materialwissenschaften. Folglich besteht heutzutage ein erhebliches Interesse daran Alternativen zu Materialien, die aus fossilen Resourcen gewonnen werden, zu finden. Kurzfristig ist zweifellos Biomasse die vielversprechendste Alternative, da sie aus heutiger Sicht die einzige nicht-fossile, nachhaltige und nachwachsende Kohlenstoffquelle ist. Konsequenterweise werden die Antrengungen neue Syntheseansätze zur Konvertierung von Biomasse und ihren Derivaten in kohlenstoffbasierten Materialien forwährend erhöht. In diesem Zusammenhang hat sich die Hydrothermalkarbonisierung (HTC) als sehr vielseitiges Werkzeug zur Konvertierung von Biomasse-basierten Ausgangsstoffen in funktionale Kohlenstoffmaterialien herausgestellt. Dennoch gibt es bisher wenige Ansätze um rohe Biomasse, genauer gesagt Lignicellulose, direkt in funktionale Materialien umzusetzen. Könnte der direkte Einsatz von roher Biomasse Verfahren wie der HTC zugänglich gemacht werden, würde dies die Nachhaltigkeit des Verfahrens immens steigern. Daher wurde in dieser Dissertation die Hydrothermalkarbonisierung von kohlenhydratreicher (d. h. Lignicelluse) und proteinreicher (d. h. Microalgae) Biomasse systematisch analysiert. Diese Untersuchung galt dem Ziel einen besseren Einblick in das Potential dieser thermochemischen Verarbeitungsmethode funktionale Kohlenstoffmaterialien aus unverarbeiteter Biomasse hervorzubringen zu gewinnen. Die hergestellten Materialien wurden mittels chemischer Aktivierung nachträglich weiter behandelt. Dieser zusätzliche Verarbeitungsschritt ermöglichte die Herstellung hochporöser aktiverter Kohlenstoffe (AC). Die aus Lignicellulose gewonnenen ACs zeigten exzellente Eigenschaften bei der Aufnahme von CO2 und der Hochdruckspeicherung von CH4 währen die aus Microalgae gewonnen Eigenschaften an den Tag legten (z. B. hohe Oberfläche und N-Dotierung), welche sie zu vielversprechenden Materialien für Superkondensatoren machen. Die in dieser Dissertation präsentierte Arbeit zeigte außergewöhnliche Fortschritte in Richtung der Anwendung von unbehandelter Biomasse als Ausgangsmaterial für die Produktion von funktionalen Kohlenstoffen. KW - Biomasse KW - Kohlenmaterialien KW - Grüne Chemie KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Enegieanwendungen KW - Biomass KW - Carbon materials KW - Green Chemistry KW - Sustainability KW - Energy Applications Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-59785 ER -