TY  - JOUR
A1  - Compart, Julia
A1  - Singh, Aakanksha
A1  - Fettke, Jörg
A1  - Apriyanto, Ardha
T1  - Customizing starch properties
BT  - a review of starch modifications and their applications
JF  - Polymers
N2  - Starch has been a convenient, economically important polymer with substantial applications in the food and processing industry. However, native starches present restricted applications, which hinder their industrial usage. Therefore, modification of starch is carried out to augment the positive characteristics and eliminate the limitations of the native starches. Modifications of starch can result in generating novel polymers with numerous functional and value-added properties that suit the needs of the industry. Here, we summarize the possible starch modifications in planta and outside the plant system (physical, chemical, and enzymatic) and their corresponding applications. In addition, this review will highlight the implications of each starch property adjustment.
KW  - starch
KW  - starch modification
KW  - in planta modification
KW  - physical modification
KW  - chemical modification
KW  - enzymatic modification
KW  - starch application
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15163491
SN  - 2073-4360
VL  - 15
IS  - 16
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ermeydan, Mahmut Ali
A1  - Cabane, Etienne
A1  - Masic, Admir
A1  - Koetz, Joachim
A1  - Burgert, Ingo
T1  - Flavonoid insertion into cell walls improves wood properties
JF  - ACS applied materials & interfaces
N2  - Wood has an excellent mechanical performance, but wider utilization of this renewable resource as an engineering material is limited by unfavorable properties such as low dimensional stability upon moisture changes and a low durability. However, some wood species are known to produce a wood of higher quality by inserting mainly phenolic substances in the already formed cell walls a process so-called heartwood formation. In the present study, we used the heartwood formation in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) as a source of bioinspiration and transferred principles of the modification in order to improve spruce wood properties (Picea abies) by a chemical treatment with commercially available flavonoids. We were able to effectively insert hydrophobic flavonoids in the cell wall after a tosylation treatment for activation. The chemical treatment reduced the water uptake of the wood cell walls and increased the dimensional stability of the bulk spruce wood. Further analysis of the chemical interaction of the flavonoid with the structural cell wall components revealed the basic principle of this bioinspired modification. Contrary to established modification treatments, which mainly address the hydroxyl groups of the carbohydrates with hydrophilic substances, the hydrophobic flavonoids are effective by a physical bulking in the cell wall most probably stabilized by pi-pi interactions. A biomimetic transfer of the underlying principle may lead to alternative cell wall modification procedures and improve the performance of wood as an engineering material.
KW  - wood cell wall
KW  - heartwood formation
KW  - chemical modification
KW  - Raman spectroscopy
KW  - dimensional stability
KW  - nanoindentation
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/am301266k
SN  - 1944-8244
VL  - 4
IS  - 11
SP  - 5782
EP  - 5789
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  -