TY - JOUR A1 - Wenzel, Bertolt T1 - Organizing coordination for an ecosystem approach to marine research and management advice BT - the case of ICES JF - Marine policy N2 - This study examines the reorganization of formal coordination structures of a unique international public organization involved in marine governance in Europe, namely the structural reorganizations of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) between 1999 and 2009. The findings indicate that the reorganizations of ICES’ formal coordination structures were not driven primarily for reasons of efficiency, by clear and consistent goals, and by clear means-ends considerations for organizational design as proposed by rational perspectives in organization theory. Instead, the formal coordination structures have also been adapted to live up to changing expectations in the institutional environment, to modern management concepts in marine governance such as the Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM), and to ensure the legitimacy of the organization. However, it is also found that institutional explanations alone are insufficient to comprehensively understand why the formal organizational structures of ICES were reorganized. Instrumental and cultural perspectives in organization theory as well as resource-dependence theory additionally add to understand how ICES responded to external demands and why organizational structures have been changed. KW - International public organization KW - Coordination KW - Organization theory KW - Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM) Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.009 SN - 0308-597X SN - 1872-9460 VL - 82 SP - 138 EP - 146 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wenzel, Bertolt T1 - Organizing coordination in fisheries and marine environmental management: Patterns of organizational change in Europe JF - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America N2 - Over the past decade, an increasing number of public organizations involved in marine governance in Europe have adapted their formal coordination structures for fisheries and marine environmental management. This study examines why the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), DG FISH of the European Commission, the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research (IMR), and the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management (SwAM) have changed their sectoral structures into organizations with a geographical focus on marine ecosystems. The study finds that the gradual convergence of formal coordination structures for fisheries and marine environmental management is driven by coercive, normative and mimetic processes of isomorphism. The structural changes reflect an organizational adaptation to a changing institutional environment and an Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM) focusing on regional marine areas, cross-sector integration and coordination. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Public organizations KW - Coordination KW - Fisheries management KW - Marine environmental management KW - Isomorphism Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.10.012 SN - 0964-5691 SN - 1873-524X VL - 134 SP - 194 EP - 206 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wenzel, Bertolt T1 - Organizing coordination in a public marine research and management advice organization: The case of the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research JF - Marine policy N2 - Public organizations involved in marine management are increasingly confronted with coordination challenges in marine governance. This study examines why and how the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research (IMR) reorganized its formal coordination structures between the areas of fisheries management and marine environmental management The findings indicate that organizing efficient and, at the same time, legitimate coordination structures between different areas of marine governance is a "wicked" organizational problem with no ultimate and single optimal solution. In contrast to the assumptions of classical organization and management theory, the study finds that the reorganization of formal coordination structures is not necessarily driven for reasons of efficiency and perceived coordination problems. Instead, public marine management organizations also change their organizational structures to live up to external expectations to adopt modern management concepts, such as the Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM). However, the study indicates that the adoption of the EAM has stimulated coordination and integration efforts in the research and advisory activities of the IMR. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Public organizations KW - Coordination KW - Wicked problems KW - Ecosystem approach KW - Fisheries management KW - Marine environmental management Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.11.017 SN - 0308-597X SN - 1872-9460 VL - 64 SP - 159 EP - 167 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kurz, Verena A1 - Orland, Andreas A1 - Posadzy, Kinga T1 - Fairness versus efficiency BT - how procedural fairness concerns affect coordination JF - Experimental Economics N2 - We investigate in a laboratory experiment whether procedural fairness concerns affect how well individuals are able to solve a coordination problem in a two-player Volunteer’s Dilemma. Subjects receive external action recommendations, either to volunteer or to abstain from it, in order to facilitate coordination and improve efficiency. We manipulate the fairness of the recommendation procedure by varying the probabilities of receiving the disadvantageous recommendation to volunteer between players. We find evidence that while recommendations improve overall efficiency regardless of their implications for expected payoffs, there are behavioural asymmetries depending on the recommendation: advantageous recommendations are followed less frequently than disadvantageous ones and beliefs about others’ actions are more pessimistic in the treatment with recommendations inducing unequal expected payoffs. KW - Coordination KW - Correlated equilibrium KW - Recommendations KW - Procedural Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-017-9540-5 SN - 1386-4157 SN - 1573-6938 VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 601 EP - 626 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - THES A1 - Hermawan, Romy T1 - Coordination and civil service reform in Indonesia (1999-2009) N2 - The background of civil service reform in Indonesia reveals the emergence of the reformation movement in 1998, following the fall of the authoritarian New Order regime. The reformation movement has seen the introduction of reforms in Indonesia's various governmental institutions, including the civil service. The civil service reforms were marked by the revision of Act 8/ 74 with Act 43 of 1999 on Civil Service Administration. The implementation of the civil service reform program, which was carried out by both central and local governments, required cooperation between the actors (in particular, Ministries, agencies and local governments), known as coordination. Currently, the coordination that occurs between actors tends to be rigid and hierarchical. As a result, targets are not efficiently and effectively met. Hierarchical coordination, without a strong public sector infrastructure, tends to have a negative impact on achieving the desired outcomes of the civil service reform program. As an intrinsic part of the New Order regime, hierarchical coordination resulted in inefficiency and lack of efficacy. Despite these inefficiencies, the administration and the political environment have changed significantly as a result of the reform process. Obvious examples of the reforms are changes in recruitment patterns, placement and remuneration policies. However, in the case of Indonesia, it appears that every state institution has its own policy. Thus, it appears that there has not been policy coherence in the civil service reform program, resulting in the lack of a sustainable program. The important thing to examine is how the coordination mechanisms of the civil service reform program in the central government have developed during the reform era in Indonesia The purpose of this study is to analyse the linkages between coordination mechanisms and the actual implementation of civil service reform programs. This is undertaken as a basis for intervention based on the structures and patterns of coordination mechanisms in the implementation of civil service reform programs. The next step is to formulate the development coordination mechanisms, particularly to create structures and patterns of civil service reforms which are more sustainable to the specific characteristics of public sector organisations in Indonesia. The benefits of this research are a stronger understanding of the linkages between the mechanisms of coordination and implementation of civil service reform programs. Through this analysis, the findings can then be applied as a basic consideration in planning a sustainable civil service reform program. In the basis of theoretical issues concerning the linkages between coordination mechanisms and implementation of civil service reform program sustainability, this book explores the type of coordination, which is needed to test the proportional and sustainable concept of the intended civil service reform program in Indonesia. Research conducted through studies, surveys and donors has shown that poor coordination is the major hindrance to the civil service program reform in Indonesia. This research employs a qualitative approach. In this study, the coordination mechanisms and implementations of civil service reform programs are demonstrated by means of case studies of the State Ministry for Administrative Reform, the National Civil Service Agency and the National Public Administration Institute. The coordination mechanisms in these Ministries and agencies were analysed using indicators of effective and efficient coordination. The analysis of the coordination mechanisms shows a tendency towards rigid hierarchical coordination. This raises concerns about fragmentation among departments and agencies at the central government level and calls for integrated civil service reform both at central and local governmental levels. In the context of implementation programs, a hierarchical mechanism of coordination leverages on various aspects, such as the program formulation, implementation flow of the program, the impact of policies, and achievement targets. In particular, there was a shift process of the mainstream civil service reform in the Ministries and agencies which are marked by the emergence of sectoral interest and inefficiencies in the civil service reform program. The primary result of successful civil service reform is increased professionalism in the civil service. The findings on hierarchical mechanisms and the prescriptions which will follow show that the professionalism of Indonesia’s civil service is at stake. The implementation of the program through coordination mechanisms in Ministries and agencies is measured in various dimensions: the centre of coordination, integration of coordination, sustainability of coordination and multidimensionality of coordination. The results of this analysis show that coordination mechanisms and the implementation of civil service reform are more successful when they are integration rather than hierarchical mechanisms. For a successful implementation of the reform program, it is crucial to intervene and change the type of coordination at the central government through the integration approach (hierarchy, market, and network). Furthermore, in order to move towards the integration type mechanism of coordination the separation of the administration and politics in the practice of good governance needs to be carried out immediately and simultaneously. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that the integration type mechanism of coordination is a suitable for Indonesia for a sustainable civil service reform program. Finally, to achieve coherent civil service reforms, national policies developed according to the central government's priorities are indispensable, establishing a coordination mechanism that can be adhered to throughout all reform sectors. N2 - Seit dem Sturz des autoritären und dem Wechsel zum Regime des „New Order“ im Jahre 1998 haben die Reformbemühungen in der öffentlichen Verwaltung in Indonesien stark zugenommen. Ihren Ursprung nahmen sie mit der Revision des Gesetzes 8/74 und 43 im Jahre 1999 betreffend die Grundlagen der öffentlichen Verwaltung. Implementiert wurde die Reform sowohl durch die Zentralregierung als auch durch die Lokalregierungen. Jedoch erforderte die Implementierung dieses Programmes auch die Zusammenarbeit bzw. die Koordination verschiedener Akteure, wie beispielsweise Ministerien, Behörden, und Lokalregierungen. Die gegenwärtige Koordination zwischen diesen Akteuren ist rigide und hierarchisch. Daraus ergibt sich, dass die gesteckten Ziele nicht effizient und effektiv erreicht werden. Hierarchische Koordination ohne eine gefestigte Verwaltungsstruktur verhindert die Umsetzung des Reformprogrammes. Als intrinsisches Merkmal des „New Order“ Regimes führt die hierarchische Koordination zur Ineffizienz und einem Mangel an Effektivität. Trotz dieser Ineffizienzen haben die Reformen zu signifikanten Veränderungen in der Verwaltung und im politischen Umfeld geführt. Offensichtliche Beispiele der Verwaltungsreform sind Änderungen in der Einstellungs-, Beförderungs- und Entlohnungspraxis. Im Falle Indonesiens jedoch scheint jede einzelne Institution ihr eigenes Regelwerk zu besitzen. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass das Verwaltungsreformprogramm keine allzu große Kohärenz aufgewiesen hat. Es ist hierbei wichtig zu untersuchen wie die Koordinationsmechanismen dieses Programmes sich nach der Reformära in Indonesien entwickelt haben. Diese Studie hat die Absicht, die Verbindungen zwischen den Koordinationsmechanismen und den tatsächlichen Durchführung des Reformprogrammes der öffentlichen Verwaltung zu analysieren. Offensichtlich zeichnete sich dieseweder durch Kohärenz noch eine nachhaltige Implementierung aus. Es ist nun wichtig, eine Richtung zu bestimmen, wie die Koordinationsmechanismen sich entwickeln müssten um Strukturen und Mechanismen zu schaffen, die besser zu den spezifischen Charakteristiken der öffentlichen Verwaltungen in Indonesien passen. Diese Untersuchung trägt dazu bei, die Zusammenhänge zwischen Koordinationsmechanismen und des tatsächlichen Implementationserfolges von Reformprogrammen der öffentlichen Verwaltung zu verstehen. Ein solches Analyseergebnis kann dann zu nachhaltigen Reformbemühungen beitragen. Ausgehend von theoretischen Überlegungen bezüglich der Verbindung von Koordinationsmechanismen und der Implementierung von Reformprogrammen der öffentlichen Verwaltung, erforscht diese Studie verschiedene Aspekte des Koordinationstypus, der notwendig scheint, um das verhältnismäßige und nachhaltigeKonzept des beabsichtigten Reformprogrammes in Indonesien zu testen. Bisherige Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Koordination zeigt, dass das größte Hindernis für ein erfolgreiches Reformprogramm der öffentlichen Verwaltung ein Mangel an Koordination ist. Diese Studie wählt einen qualitativen Ansatz. Sie zeigt die Koordinationsmechanismen bei der Implementation von Reformprogrammen in der öffentlichen Verwaltung an den Fallbeispielen des „Staatsministeriums für Administrative Reformen“, der „Nationalen Agentur für den Öffentlichen Dienst“ und des „Nationalen Instituts für die Öffentliche Verwaltung“. Die Koordinationsmechanismen dieser Ministerien und Institute wurden dabei auf Grundlage von Indikatoren für effektive und effiziente Koordination untersucht. Die Analyse zeit tendenziell, dass die Koordination einerigide und hierarchische Form annimmt. Dies lässt Bedenken über die Fragmentierung der Abteilungen und Agenturen der Zentralregierung aufkommen und verdeutlicht die Notwendigkeit einer integrierten Reform der öffentlichen Verwaltung sowohl auf der Ebene der Zentralregierung als auch der Lokalregierungen. Im Kontext der Implementierungsbemühungen berührt eine hierarchische Koordination verschiedene Aspekte wie zum Beispiel die Formulierung des Programmes, der Ablauf der Implementation, der Einfluss des Regelwerks und die Erreichung der gesteckten Ziele. Insbesondere konnte beobachtet werden, dass sich der grundlegende Verwaltungsprozesses in den Ministerien und den Agenturen verlagert hat, was sich durch die Verstärkung sektoraler Interessen und zunehmender Ineffizienzen des Reformprogrammes ausdrückt. Das derzeitige Ergebnis ist im Wesentlichen eine zunehmende Professionalisierung des öffentlichen Dienstes. Die Befunde über hierarchische Mechanismen und die danach folgenden Vorgaben stellen die Professionalität des öffentlichen Dienstes in Indonesien in Frage. Die Implementierung des Reformprogrammes durch Koordinationsmechanismen in Ministerien und Agenturen werden auf mehreren Dimensionen gemessen: der Ausgangspunkt der Koordination, ihre Einbindung, Nachhaltigkeit und Mehrdimensionalität. Die Ergebnisse dieser Analyse zeigen, dass integrative Koordinationsmechanismen und Implementationen erfolgreicher sind als hierarchische. Um das restliche Reformprogramm erfolgreich zu einem Ende zu bringen, erscheint es wesentlich einzugreifen und die vorherrschende Koordination in der Zentralregierung durch einen integrativen Ansatz zu ersetzen (Hierarchie, Markt, Netzwerk). Darüber hinaus muss, um dies zu erreichen, die Trennung von Verwaltung und Politik im Sinne der guten Regierungsführung gleichzeitig umgesetzt werden. Auf Grundlage dieser Analyse kann gefolgert werden, dass der integrative Ansatz bei der Koordination geeignet erscheint, um das Reformprogramm der öffentlichen Verwaltung in Indonesien umzusetzen. Schlussendlich, um eine einheitliche Reform der öffentlichen Verwaltung zu erreichen bedarf es einer zentralen Koordinationsstrategie der Zentralregierung, die einheitlich in allen Reformsektoren befolgt wird. KW - Indonesien KW - Verwaltungsreform KW - Geschichte 1999-2009 KW - Coordination KW - Civil Service Reform KW - Bureaucracy Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-602-284-061-9 PB - Center of South South Cooperation Studies, Univ. CY - Brawijaya ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Franzke, Jochen A1 - de la Fuente, José M. Ruano T1 - New Challenges in Local Migrant Integration Policy in Europe JF - Local Integration of Migrants Policy N2 - In this introductory chapter, the editors describe the main theoretical basis of analysis of this book and the methodological approach. The core of this book consists of 14 country-specific chapters, which allow a European comparison and show the increasing variance in migration policy approaches within and between European countries. The degree of local autonomy, the level of centralisation and the traditional forms of migration policy are factors that especially influence the possibilities for local authorities to formulate their own integration policies. KW - Migration KW - Policy KW - Integration KW - Local authorities KW - Coordination KW - Civil society Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-50978-1 SN - 978-3-030-50979-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50979-8_1 SN - 2523-8248 SN - 2523-8256 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Franzke, Jochen T1 - Germany: From Denied Immigration to Integration of Migrants JF - Local Integration of Migrants Policy N2 - The chapter begins with a brief historical overview of Germany’s transition in the twentieth and twenty-first century from a transit and emigration country to one of immigration. The next part of this chapter looks at the challenges and problems facing German immigration policy within a multi-level federal system. Finally, the chapter gives an analysis of some of the trends in German migration policy since the refugee crisis in 2015, such as changes in the party system and in the concepts underlying migration policies to better manage, control and limit immigration to Germany. KW - Germany KW - Federalism KW - Integration KW - Coordination KW - Municipalities KW - Local autonomy Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-50978-1 SN - 978-3-030-50979-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50979-8_7 SN - 2523-8248 SN - 2523-8256 SP - 107 EP - 121 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischer, Julia T1 - Federal Administration JF - Public Administration in Germany N2 - The federal administration is significantly small (around 10 percent of all public employees). This speciality of the German administrative system is based on the division of responsibilities: the central (federal) level drafts and adopts most of the laws and public programmes, and the state level (together with the municipal level) implements them. The administration of the federal level comprises the ministries, subordinated agencies for special and selected operational tasks (e.g. the authorisation of drugs, information security and registration of refugees) in distinct administrative sectors (e.g. foreign service, armed forces and federal police). The capacity for preparing and monitoring government bills and statutory instruments is well developed. Moreover, the instruments and tools of coordination are exemplary compared with other countries, although the recent digital turn has been adopted less advanced than elsewhere. KW - Cabinet KW - Coordination KW - Federal administration KW - Ministries KW - Policymaking Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-53696-1 SN - 978-3-030-53697-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53697-8_5 SP - 61 EP - 79 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bruttel, Lisa Verena A1 - Gueth, Werner T1 - Asymmetric voluntary cooperation BT - a repeated sequential best-shot experiment JF - International Journal of Game Theory N2 - This paper tests the robustness of voluntary cooperation in a sequential best shot game, a public good game in which the maximal contribution determines the level of public good provision. Thus, efficiency enhancing voluntary cooperation requires asymmetric behavior whose coordination is more difficult. Nevertheless, we find robust cooperation irrespective of treatment-specific institutional obstacles. To explain this finding, we distinguish three behavioral patterns aiming at both, voluntary cooperation and (immediate) payoff equality. KW - Best shot game KW - Coordination KW - Transfer KW - Refund KW - Experiment Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00182-018-0633-y SN - 0020-7276 SN - 1432-1270 VL - 47 IS - 3 SP - 873 EP - 891 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER -