TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behm, David G.
A1  - Young, James D.
A1  - Whitten, Joseph H. D.
A1  - Reid, Jonathan C.
A1  - Quigley, Patrick J.
A1  - Low, Jonathan
A1  - Li, Yimeng
A1  - Lima, Camila D.
A1  - Hodgson, Daniel D.
A1  - Chaouachi, Anis
A1  - Prieske, Olaf
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - Effectiveness of Traditional Strength vs. Power Training on Muscle Strength, Power and Speed with Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
JF  - Frontiers in physiology
N2  - Numerous national associations and multiple reviews have documented the safety and efficacy of strength training for children and adolescents. The literature highlights the significant training-induced increases in strength associated with youth strength training. However, the effectiveness of youth strength training programs to improve power measures is not as clear. This discrepancy may be related to training and testing specificity. Most prior youth strength training programs emphasized lower intensity resistance with relatively slow movements. Since power activities typically involve higher intensity, explosive-like contractions with higher angular velocities (e.g., plyometrics), there is a conflict between the training medium and testing measures. This meta-analysis compared strength (e.g., training with resistance or body mass) and power training programs (e.g., plyometric training) on proxies of muscle strength, power, and speed. A systematic literature search using a Boolean Search Strategy was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, SPORT Discus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar and revealed 652 hits. After perusal of title, abstract, and full text, 107 studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed small to moderate magnitude changes for training specificity with jump measures. In other words, power training was more effective than strength training for improving youth jump height. For sprint measures, strength training was more effective than power training with youth. Furthermore, strength training exhibited consistently large magnitude changes to lower body strength measures, which contrasted with the generally trivial, small and moderate magnitude training improvements of power training upon lower body strength, sprint and jump measures, respectively. Maturity related inadequacies in eccentric strength and balance might influence the lack of training specificity with the unilateral landings and propulsions associated with sprinting. Based on this meta-analysis, strength training should be incorporated prior to power training in order to establish an adequate foundation of strength for power training activities.
KW  - children
KW  - boys
KW  - girls
KW  - plyometric training
KW  - resistance training
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00423
SN  - 1664-042X
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Davies, Michael J.
A1  - Drury, Benjamin
A1  - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
A1  - Chaabene, Helmi
A1  - Moran, Jason
T1  - Effect of plyometric training and biological maturation on jump and change of direction ability in female youth
JF  - Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA / National Strength & Conditioning Association
N2  - Biological maturation has been shown to affect male youths' responses to plyometric training (PT). However, to date, no researcher has examined the effect of maturation on the effects of PT in female youth. We undertook the first controlled intervention study to examine this, focusing on adaptive responses to countermovement jump (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), and change of direction (COD) performance in groups of female youth divided by maturation status (years from peak height velocity [PHV]). The training program lasted 7 weeks with subjects undertaking 2 sessions of PT per week. In the mid-PHV group, there was a small increase (effect size; 90% confidence interval = 0.40; -0.23 to 1.03) in CMJ performance. No changes were observed in the post-PHV group (0.02; -0.68 to 0.72). For RSI, there was a moderate increase in the mid-PHV group (0.94; 0.29-1.59) with only a trivial increase in the post-PHV group (0.06; -0.65 to 0.76). The intervention exerted no positive effect on COD performance in any group. Plyometric training seems to enhance CMJ and RSI in female youth, although the magnitude of adaptation could be affected by maturation status. A twice-per-week program of multidirectional jumping and hopping, with bilateral and unilateral components, can be used as a preparatory precursor to physical education classes or recreational sport.
KW  - girls
KW  - exercise
KW  - sport
KW  - athlete
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003216
SN  - 1064-8011
SN  - 1533-4287
VL  - 35
IS  - 10
SP  - 2690
EP  - 2697
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  -