TY  - JOUR
A1  - Foster, William J.
A1  - Garvie, Christopher L.
A1  - Weiss, Anna M.
A1  - Muscente, A. Drew
A1  - Aberhan, Martin
A1  - Counts, John W.
A1  - Martindale, Rowan C.
T1  - Resilience of marine invertebrate communities during the early Cenozoic hyperthermals
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - The hyperthermal events of the Cenozoic, including the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, provide an opportunity to investigate the potential effects of climate warming on marine ecosystems. Here, we examine the shallow benthic marine communities preserved in the late Cretaceous to Eocene strata on the Gulf Coastal Plain (United States). In stark contrast to the ecological shifts following the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, our data show that the early Cenozoic hyperthermals did not have a long-term impact on the generic diversity nor composition of the Gulf Coastal Plain molluscan communities. We propose that these communities were resilient to climate change because molluscs are better adapted to high temperatures than other taxa, as demonstrated by their physiology and evolutionary history. In terms of resilience, these communities differ from other shallow-water carbonate ecosystems, such as reef communities, which record significant changes during the early Cenozoic hyperthermals. These data highlight the strikingly different responses of community types, i.e., the almost imperceptible response of molluscs versus the marked turnover of foraminifera and reef faunas. The impact on molluscan communities may have been low because detrimental conditions did not devastate the entire Gulf Coastal Plain, allowing molluscs to rapidly recolonise vacated areas once harsh environmental conditions ameliorated.
KW  - eocene thermal maximum
KW  - gulf coastal plain
KW  - climate-change
KW  - ocean acidification
KW  - extinction event
KW  - carbon-cycle
KW  - heat-stress
KW  - origination
KW  - ecosystems
KW  - diversity
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58986-5
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schittko, Conrad
A1  - Onandia, Gabriela
A1  - Bernard-Verdier, Maud
A1  - Heger, Tina
A1  - Jeschke, Jonathan M.
A1  - Kowarik, Ingo
A1  - Maaß, Stefanie
A1  - Joshi, Jasmin
T1  - Biodiversity maintains soil multifunctionality and soil organic carbon in novel urban ecosystems
JF  - Journal of ecology
N2  - Biodiversity in urban ecosystems has the potential to increase ecosystem functions and support a suite of services valued by society, including services provided by soils. Specifically, the sequestration of carbon in soils has often been advocated as a solution to mitigate the steady increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere as a key driver of climate change. However, urban ecosystems are also characterized by an often high level of ecological novelty due to profound human-mediated changes, such as the presence of high numbers of non-native species, impervious surfaces or other disturbances. Yet it is poorly understood whether and how biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning and services of urban soils under these novel conditions. In this study, we assessed the influence of above- and below-ground diversity, as well as urbanization and plant invasions, on multifunctionality and organic carbon stocks of soils in non-manipulated grasslands along an urbanization gradient in Berlin, Germany. We focused on plant diversity (measured as species richness and functional trait diversity) and, in addition, on soil organism diversity as a potential mediator for the relationship of plant species diversity and ecosystem functioning. Our results showed positive effects of plant diversity on soil multifunctionality and soil organic carbon stocks along the entire gradient. Structural equation models revealed that plant diversity enhanced soil multifunctionality and soil organic carbon by increasing the diversity of below-ground organisms. These positive effects of plant diversity on soil multifunctionality and soil fauna were not restricted to native plant species only, but were also exerted by non-native species, although to a lesser degree. Synthesis. We conclude that enhancing diversity in plants and soil fauna of urban grasslands can increase the multifunctionality of urban soils and also add to their often underestimated but very valuable role in mitigating effects of climate change.
KW  - Anthropocene
KW  - biological invasions
KW  - ecosystem function and services;
KW  - functional diversity
KW  - global change
KW  - non-native species
KW  - novel
KW  - ecosystems
KW  - urbanization
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13852
SN  - 0022-0477
SN  - 1365-2745
VL  - 110
IS  - 4
SP  - 916
EP  - 934
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmeiss, Jessica
A1  - Hölzle, Katharina
A1  - Tech, Robin P. G.
T1  - Designing Governance Mechanisms in Platform Ecosystems: Addressing the Paradox of Openness through Blockchain Technology
JF  - California Management Review
N2  - The paradox of openness is inherent to all platform ecosystems-the tension in enabling maximum openness to create joint innovation while guaranteeing value capturing for all actors. Governance mechanisms to solve this paradox are embedded into the technical architecture of the platform, addressing the dimensions of access, control, and incentives. Blockchain technology offers unique ways to design novel governance mechanisms through the standardization of interactions. However, the design of such an architecture requires careful consideration of the cost associated with it.
KW  - ecosystems
KW  - governance
KW  - value creation
KW  - platforms
KW  - technology management
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125619883618
SN  - 0008-1256
SN  - 2162-8564
VL  - 62
IS  - 1
SP  - 121
EP  - 143
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Siddiqi, Muhammad Ali
A1  - Dörr, Christian
A1  - Strydis, Christos
T1  - IMDfence
BT  - architecting a secure protocol for implantable medical devices
JF  - IEEE access
N2  - Over the past decade, focus on the security and privacy aspects of implantable medical devices (IMDs) has intensified, driven by the multitude of cybersecurity vulnerabilities found in various existing devices. However, due to their strict computational, energy and physical constraints, conventional security protocols are not directly applicable to IMDs. Custom-tailored schemes have been proposed instead which, however, fail to cover the full spectrum of security features that modern IMDs and their ecosystems so critically require. In this paper we propose IMDfence, a security protocol for IMD ecosystems that provides a comprehensive yet practical security portfolio, which includes availability, non-repudiation, access control, entity authentication, remote monitoring and system scalability. The protocol also allows emergency access that results in the graceful degradation of offered services without compromising security and patient safety. The performance of the security protocol as well as its feasibility and impact on modern IMDs are extensively analyzed and evaluated. We find that IMDfence achieves the above security requirements at a mere less than 7% increase in total IMD energy consumption, and less than 14 ms and 9 kB increase in system delay and memory footprint, respectively.
KW  - protocols
KW  - implants
KW  - authentication
KW  - ecosystems
KW  - remote monitoring
KW  - scalability
KW  - authentication protocol
KW  - battery-depletion attack
KW  - battery
KW  - DoS
KW  - denial-of-service attack
KW  - IMD
KW  - implantable medical device
KW  - non-repudiation
KW  - smart card
KW  - zero-power defense
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3015686
SN  - 2169-3536
VL  - 8
SP  - 147948
EP  - 147964
PB  - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
CY  - Piscataway
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weise, Hanna
A1  - Auge, Harald
A1  - Baessler, Cornelia
A1  - Bärlund, Ilona
A1  - Bennett, Elena M.
A1  - Berger, Uta
A1  - Bohn, Friedrich
A1  - Bonn, Aletta
A1  - Borchardt, Dietrich
A1  - Brand, Fridolin
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
A1  - Joshi, Jasmin Radha
A1  - Grimm, Volker
T1  - Resilience trinity
BT  - safeguarding ecosystem functioning and services across three different time horizons and decision contexts
JF  - Oikos
N2  - Ensuring ecosystem resilience is an intuitive approach to safeguard the functioning of ecosystems and hence the future provisioning of ecosystem services (ES). However, resilience is a multi-faceted concept that is difficult to operationalize. Focusing on resilience mechanisms, such as diversity, network architectures or adaptive capacity, has recently been suggested as means to operationalize resilience. Still, the focus on mechanisms is not specific enough. We suggest a conceptual framework, resilience trinity, to facilitate management based on resilience mechanisms in three distinctive decision contexts and time-horizons: 1) reactive, when there is an imminent threat to ES resilience and a high pressure to act, 2) adjustive, when the threat is known in general but there is still time to adapt management and 3) provident, when time horizons are very long and the nature of the threats is uncertain, leading to a low willingness to act. Resilience has different interpretations and implications at these different time horizons, which also prevail in different disciplines. Social ecology, ecology and engineering are often implicitly focussing on provident, adjustive or reactive resilience, respectively, but these different notions of resilience and their corresponding social, ecological and economic tradeoffs need to be reconciled. Otherwise, we keep risking unintended consequences of reactive actions, or shying away from provident action because of uncertainties that cannot be reduced. The suggested trinity of time horizons and their decision contexts could help ensuring that longer-term management actions are not missed while urgent threats to ES are given priority.
KW  - concepts
KW  - ecosystems
KW  - ecosystem services provisioning
KW  - management
KW  - resilience
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.07213
SN  - 0030-1299
SN  - 1600-0706
VL  - 129
IS  - 4
SP  - 445
EP  - 456
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  -