TY - JOUR A1 - Nitzsche, Kai Nils A1 - Kleeberg, Andreas A1 - Hoffmann, Carsten A1 - Merz, Christoph A1 - Premke, Katrin A1 - Gessler, Arthur A1 - Sommer, Michael A1 - Kayler, Zachary E. T1 - Kettle holes reflect the biogeochemical characteristics of their catchment area and the intensity of the element-specific input JF - Journal of soils and sediments : protection, risk assessment and remediation N2 - Purpose Kettle holes are small inland water bodies known to be dominated by terrigenous material; however, the processes and structures that drive the enrichment and depletion of specific geochemical elements in the water column and kettle hole sediment remain unclear. We hypothesized that the mobile elements (Ca, Fe, K, P) behave different from each other in their transport, intermediate soil retention, and final accumulation in the kettle hole sediment. Methods Topsoils from transects spanning topographic positions from erosional to depositional areas, sediment cores, shallow groundwater, and kettle hole water of two glacial kettle holes in NE Germany (Rittgarten (RG) and Kraatz (KR)) were collected. The Fe, Ca, K, and total P (TP) concentrations were quantified and additionally the major anions in shallow groundwater and kettle hole water. The element-specific mobilization, relocation, and, finally, accumulation in the sediment were investigated by enrichment factors. Furthermore, a piper diagram was used to estimate groundwater flow directions and pond-internal processes. Results At KR only, the upper 10 cm of the kettle hole sediment reflected the relative element composition of the eroded terrestrial soils. The sediment from both kettle holes was enriched in Ca, Fe, K, and P compared to topsoils, indicating several possible processes including the input of clay and silt sized particles enriched in these elements, fertilizer input, and pond-internal processes including biogenic calcite and hydroxyapatite precipitation, Fe-P binding (KR), FeSx formation (RG), and elemental fixation and deposition via floating macrophytes (RG). High Ca concentrations in the kettle hole water indicated a high input of Ca from shallow groundwater inflow, while Ca precipitation in the kettle hole water led to lower Ca concentration in groundwater outflow. Conclusions The considerable element losses in the surrounding soils and the inputs into the kettle holes should be addressed by comprehensive soil and water protection measures, i.e., avoiding tillage, fertilizing conservatively, and creating buffer zones. KW - Agricultural soils KW - Soil erosion KW - Element mobility KW - Phosphorus KW - Kettle hole KW - Sediment Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03145-8 SN - 1439-0108 SN - 1614-7480 VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 994 EP - 1009 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiesmeier, Martin A1 - Hübner, Rico A1 - Barthold, Frauke Katrin A1 - Spörlein, Peter A1 - Geuss, Uwe A1 - Hangen, Edzard A1 - Reischl, Arthur A1 - Schilling, Bernd A1 - von Lützow, Margit A1 - Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid T1 - Amount, distribution and driving factors of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in cropland and grassland soils of southeast Germany (Bavaria) JF - Agriculture, ecosystems & environment : an international journal for scientific research on the relationship of agriculture and food production to the biosphere N2 - Agricultural soils have a high potential for sequestration of atmospheric carbon due to their volume and several promising management options. However, there is a remarkable lack of information about the status quo of organic carbon in agricultural soils. In this study a comprehensive data set of 384 cropland soils and 333 grassland soils within the state of Bavaria in southeast Germany was analyzed in order to provide representative information on total amount, regional distribution and driving parameters of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) in agricultural soils of central Europe. The results showed that grassland soils stored higher amounts of SOC (11.8 kg m(-2)) and N (0.92 kg m(-2)) than cropland soils (9.0 and 0.66 kg m(-2), respectively) due to moisture-induced accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) in B horizons. Surprisingly, no distinct differences were found for the A horizons since tillage led to a relocation of SOM with depth in cropland soils. Statistical analyses of driving factors for SOM storage revealed soil moisture, represented by the topographic wetness index (TWI), as the most important parameter for both cropland and grassland soils. Climate effects (mean annual temperature and precipitation) were of minor importance in agricultural soils because management options counteracted them to a certain extent, particularly in cropland soils. The distribution of SOC and N stocks within Bavaria based on agricultural regions confirmed the importance of soil moisture since the highest cropland SOC and N stocks were found for tertiary hills and loess regions, which exhibited large areas with potentially high soil moisture content in extant floodplains. Grassland soils showed the highest accumulation of SOC and N in the Alps and Pre-Alps as a result of low temperatures, high amounts of precipitation and high soil moisture content in areas of glacial denudation. Soil class was identified as a further driving parameter for SOC and N storage in cropland soils. In total, cropland and grassland soils in Bavaria store 242 and 134 Mt SOC as well as 19 and 12 Mt N down to a soil depth of 1 m or the parent material, respectively. KW - Soil organic carbon stocks KW - Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) KW - Soil moisture KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Agricultural soils Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.05.012 SN - 0167-8809 VL - 176 IS - 32 SP - 39 EP - 52 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER -