TY - JOUR A1 - Duethmann, Doris A1 - Bolch, Tobias A1 - Farinotti, Daniel A1 - Kriegel, David A1 - Vorogushyn, Sergiy A1 - Merz, Bruno A1 - Pieczonka, Tino A1 - Jiang, Tong A1 - Su, Buda A1 - Güntner, Andreas T1 - Attribution of streamflow trends in snow and glacier melt-dominated catchments of the Tarim River, Central Asia JF - Water resources research N2 - Observed streamflow of headwater catchments of the Tarim River (Central Asia) increased by about 30% over the period 1957-2004. This study aims at assessing to which extent these streamflow trends can be attributed to changes in air temperature or precipitation. The analysis includes a data-based approach using multiple linear regression and a simulation-based approach using a hydrological model. The hydrological model considers changes in both glacier area and surface elevation. It was calibrated using a multiobjective optimization algorithm with calibration criteria based on glacier mass balance and daily and interannual variations of discharge. The individual contributions to the overall streamflow trends from changes in glacier geometry, temperature, and precipitation were assessed using simulation experiments with a constant glacier geometry and with detrended temperature and precipitation time series. The results showed that the observed changes in streamflow were consistent with the changes in temperature and precipitation. In the Sari-Djaz catchment, increasing temperatures and related increase of glacier melt were identified as the dominant driver, while in the Kakshaal catchment, both increasing temperatures and increasing precipitation played a major role. Comparing the two approaches, an advantage of the simulation-based approach is the fact that it is based on process-based relationships implemented in the hydrological model instead of statistical links in the regression model. However, data-based approaches are less affected by model parameter and structural uncertainties and typically fast to apply. A complementary application of both approaches is recommended. KW - trend analysis KW - data-based KW - simulation-based KW - multiobjective calibration KW - hydrological modeling KW - glacier melt Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR016716 SN - 0043-1397 SN - 1944-7973 VL - 51 IS - 6 SP - 4727 EP - 4750 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - THES A1 - Düthmann, Doris T1 - Hydrological modeling of mountain catchments in Central Asia T1 - Hydrologische Modellierung von Gebirgsgebieten in Zentralasien BT - approaches for data sparse catchments BT - Ansätze für datenarme Einzugsgebiete N2 - Water resources from Central Asia’s mountain regions have a high relevance for the water supply of the water scarce lowlands. A good understanding of the water cycle in these mountain regions is therefore needed to develop water management strategies. Hydrological modeling helps to improve our knowledge of the regional water cycle, and it can be used to gain a better understanding of past changes or estimate future hydrologic changes in view of projected changes in climate. However, due to the scarcity of hydrometeorological data, hydrological modeling for mountain regions in Central Asia involves large uncertainties. Addressing this problem, the first aim of this thesis was to develop hydrological modeling approaches that can increase the credibility of hydrological models in data sparse mountain regions. This was achieved by using additional data from remote sensing and atmospheric modeling. It was investigated whether spatial patterns from downscaled reanalysis data can be used for the interpolation of station-based precipitation data. This approach was compared to other precipitation estimates using a hydrologic evaluation based on hydrological modeling and a comparison of simulated and observed discharge, which demonstrated a generally good performance of this method. The study further investigated the value of satellite-derived snow cover data for model calibration. Trade-offs of good model performance in terms of discharge and snow cover were explicitly evaluated using a multiobjective optimization algorithm, and the results were contrasted with single-objective calibration and Monte Carlo simulations. The study clearly shows that the additional use of snow cover data improved the internal consistency of the hydrological model. In this context, it was further investigated for the first time how many snow cover scenes were required for hydrological model calibration. The second aim of this thesis was the application of the hydrological model in order to investigate the causes of observed streamflow increases in two headwater catchments of the Tarim River over the recent decades. This simulation-based approach for trend attribution was complemented by a data-based approach. The hydrological model was calibrated to discharge and glacier mass balance data and considered changes in glacier geometry over time. The results show that in the catchment with a lower glacierization, increasing precipitation and temperature both contributed to the streamflow increases, while in the catchment with a stronger glacierization, increasing temperatures were identified as the dominant driver. N2 - Wasserressourcen aus den Gebirgsregionen Zentralasiens haben eine große Bedeutung für die Wasserversorgung der niederschlagsarmen Tiefebenen. Ein gutes Verständnis des Wasserkreislaufs in diesen Gebirgsregionen ist daher eine wichtige Grundlage für die Entwicklung von Wassermanagementstrategien. Hydrologische Modelle sind ein gut geeignetes Hilfsmittel, um den Wasserhaushalt dieser Gebiete besser zu verstehen, sowie Änderungen des Wasserkreislaufs in der Vergangenheit nachzuvollziehen oder zukünftige hydrologische Änderungen infolge des Klimawandels zu projizieren. Allerdings ist die hydrologische Modellierung in Gebirgsgebieten Zentralasiens aufgrund der nur spärlich vorhandenen hydrometeorologischen Daten mit großen Unsicherheiten verbunden. Das erste Ziel dieser Arbeit war daher, Ansätze für die hydrologische Modellierung zu entwickeln, mit denen die Unsicherheiten der Modellierung in datenarmen Gebirgsregionen reduziert werden können. Dazu wurden zusätzliche Daten aus der Fernerkundung und atmosphärischen Modellierung verwendet. Es wurde untersucht, ob räumliche Muster von herunterskalierten Reanalysedaten für die Interpolation von stationsbasierten Niederschlagsdaten verwendet werden können. Diese Methode zeigte bei einem Vergleich mit anderen Niederschlagsschätzungen, wozu ein Ansatz basierend auf hydrologischer Modellierung und dem Vergleich von beobachteten und simulierten Abflussdaten angewandt wurde, generell gute Ergebnisse. Des Weiteren wurde in dieser Arbeit der Wert von satellitenbasierten Schneebedeckungsdaten analysiert. Der Zielkonflikt zwischen hoher Modellgüte bezüglich Abfluss und Schneebedeckung wurde explizit mit einem multiobjektiven Kalibrieralgorithmus untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit Modellkalibrierungen mit nur einer Zielfunktion sowie mit Monte-Carlo-Simulationen verglichen. Die Studie zeigt sehr deutlich, dass die zusätzliche Verwendung von Schneebedeckungsdaten die interne Konsistenz des Modells erhöht. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde auch erstmalig die Anzahl der für die Modellkalibrierung erforderlichen Schneebedeckungsszenen analysiert. Das zweite Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Anwendung des hydrologischen Modells, um die Ursachen einer beobachteten Zunahme des Abflusses in zwei Kopfeinzugsgebieten des Tarim-Flusses über die letzten Jahrzehnte zu untersuchen. Dieser simulationsbasierte Ansatz zur Trendattributierung wurde durch einen datenbasierten Ansatz ergänzt. Das hydrologische Modell wurde sowohl an Abfluss- als auch an Gletschermassenbilanzdaten kalibriert und berücksichtigt Änderungen in der Gletschergeometrie über die Zeit. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in dem geringer vergletscherten Gebiet Zunahmen im Niederschlag und in der Temperatur zum Anstieg des Abflusses beigetragen haben, während in dem stärker vergletscherten Gebiet die Temperaturzunahme als dominierender Treiber identifiziert wurde. KW - hydrological modeling KW - mountain hydrology KW - precipitation interpolation KW - multiobjective calibration KW - remote sensing data KW - trend attribution KW - hydrologische Modellierung KW - Gebirgshydrologie KW - Niederschlagsinterpolation KW - multiobjektive Kalibrierung KW - Fernerkundungsdaten KW - Trendattributierung Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-80071 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Guse, Björn A1 - Pfannerstill, Matthias A1 - Gafurov, Abror A1 - Kiesel, Jens A1 - Lehr, Christian A1 - Fohrer, Nicola T1 - Identifying the connective strength between model parameters and performance criteria T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In hydrological models, parameters are used to represent the time-invariant characteristics of catchments and to capture different aspects of hydrological response. Hence, model parameters need to be identified based on their role in controlling the hydrological behaviour. For the identification of meaningful parameter values, multiple and complementary performance criteria are used that compare modelled and measured discharge time series. The reliability of the identification of hydrologically meaningful model parameter values depends on how distinctly a model parameter can be assigned to one of the performance criteria.& para;& para;To investigate this, we introduce the new concept of connective strength between model parameters and performance criteria. The connective strength assesses the intensity in the interrelationship between model parameters and performance criteria in a bijective way. In our analysis of connective strength, model simulations are carried out based on a latin hypercube sampling. Ten performance criteria including Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) and its three components (alpha, beta and r) as well as RSR (the ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation) for different segments of the flow duration curve (FDC) are calculated.& para;& para;With a joint analysis of two regression tree (RT) approaches, we derive how a model parameter is connected to different performance criteria. At first, RTs are constructed using each performance criterion as the target variable to detect the most relevant model parameters for each performance criterion. Secondly, RTs are constructed using each parameter as the target variable to detect which performance criteria are impacted by changes in the values of one distinct model parameter. Based on this, appropriate performance criteria are identified for each model parameter.& para;& para;In this study, a high bijective connective strength between model parameters and performance criteria is found for low- and mid-flow conditions. Moreover, the RT analyses emphasise the benefit of an individual analysis of the three components of KGE and of the FDC segments. Furthermore, the RT analyses highlight under which conditions these performance criteria provide insights into precise parameter identification. Our results show that separate performance criteria are required to identify dominant parameters on low- and mid-flow conditions, whilst the number of required performance criteria for high flows increases with increasing process complexity in the catchment. Overall, the analysis of the connective strength between model parameters and performance criteria using RTs contribute to a more realistic handling of parameters and performance criteria in hydrological modelling. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 657 KW - flow-duration curves KW - hydrological models KW - multiobjective calibration KW - sensitivity-analysis KW - landscape controls KW - lowland catchment KW - regional patterns KW - physical controls KW - water-balance KW - part 1 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419142 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 657 ER -