TY - JOUR A1 - Biegert, Thomas A1 - Brady, David A1 - Hipp, Lena T1 - Cross-national variation in the relationship between welfare generosity and single mother employment JF - The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science N2 - Reform of the U.S. welfare system in 1996 spurred claims that cuts to welfare programs effectively incentivized single mothers to find employment. It is difficult to assess the veracity of those claims, however, absent evidence of how the relationship between welfare benefits and single mother employment generalizes across countries. This study combines data from the European Union Labour Force Survey and the U.S. Current Population Survey (1992-2015) into one of the largest samples of single mothers ever, testing the relationships between welfare generosity and single mothers’ employment and work hours. We find no consistent evidence of a negative relationship between welfare generosity and single mother employment outcomes. Rather, we find tremendous cross-national heterogeneity, which does not clearly correspond to well-known institutional variations. Our findings demonstrate the limitations of single country studies and the pervasive, salient interactions between institutional contexts and social policies. KW - single mothers KW - employment KW - welfare state benefits KW - cross-national KW - heterogeneity Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221120760 SN - 0002-7162 SN - 1552-3349 VL - 702 IS - 1 SP - 37 EP - 54 PB - SAGE Publishing CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tschorn, Mira A1 - Schulze, Susanne A1 - Förstner, Bernd R. A1 - Holmberg, Christine A1 - Spallek, Jacob A1 - Heinz, Andreas A1 - Rapp, Michael A. T1 - Predictors and prevalence of hazardous alcohol use in middle-late to late adulthood in Europe JF - Aging & mental health N2 - Objectives: Even low to moderate levels of alcohol consumption can have detrimental health consequences, especially in older adults (OA). Although many studies report an increase in the proportion of drinkers among OA, there are regional variations. Therefore, we examined alcohol consumption and the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use (HAU) among men and women aged 50+ years in four European regions and investigated predictors of HAU. Methods: We analyzed data of N = 35,042 participants of the European SHARE study. We investigated differences in alcohol consumption (units last week) according to gender, age and EU-region using ANOVAs. Furthermore, logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of income, education, marital status, history of a low-quality parent-child relationship and smoking on HAU, also stratified for gender and EU-region. HAU was operationalized as binge drinking or risky drinking (<12.5 units of 10 ml alcohol/week). Results: Overall, past week alcohol consumption was 5.0 units (+/- 7.8), prevalence of HAU was 25.4% within our sample of European adults aged 50+ years. Male gender, younger age and living in Western Europe were linked to both higher alcohol consumption and higher risks of HAU. Income, education, smoking, a low-quality parent-child relationship, living in Northern and especially Eastern Europe were positively associated with HAU. Stratified analyses revealed differences by region and gender. Conclusions: HAU was highly prevalent within this European sample of OA. Alcohol consumption and determinants of HAU differed between EU-regions, hinting to a necessity of risk-stratified population-level strategies to prevent HAU and subsequent alcohol use disorders. KW - Hazardous alcohol use KW - older adults KW - middle-aged adults KW - Europe KW - alcohol KW - drug and alcohol abuse KW - cross-national KW - international studies KW - environmental factors KW - housing KW - rural-urban factors KW - epidemiology (mental health) Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2022.2076208 SN - 1360-7863 SN - 1364-6915 VL - 27 IS - 5 SP - 1001 EP - 1010 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wachs, Sebastian A1 - Machimbarrena, Juan Manuel A1 - Wright, Michelle F. A1 - Gámez-Guadix, Manuel A1 - Yang, Soeun A1 - Sittichai, Ruthaychonnee A1 - Singh, Ritu A1 - Biswal, Ramakrishna A1 - Flora, Katerina A1 - Daskalou, Vassiliki A1 - Maziridou, Evdoxia A1 - Sung Hong, Jun A1 - Krause, Norman T1 - Associations between Coping Strategies and Cyberhate Involvement: Evidence from Adolescents across Three World Regions T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Cyberhate represents a risk to adolescents’ development and peaceful coexistence in democratic societies. Yet, not much is known about the relationship between adolescents’ ability to cope with cyberhate and their cyberhate involvement. To fill current gaps in the literature and inform the development of media education programs, the present study investigated various coping strategies in a hypothetical cyberhate scenario as correlates for being cyberhate victims, perpetrators, and both victim–perpetrators. The sample consisted of 6829 adolescents aged 12–18 years old (Mage = 14.93, SD = 1.64; girls: 50.4%, boys: 48.9%, and 0.7% did not indicate their gender) from Asia, Europe, and North America. Results showed that adolescents who endorsed distal advice or endorsed technical coping showed a lower likelihood to be victims, perpetrators, or victim–perpetrators. In contrast, if adolescents felt helpless or endorsed retaliation to cope with cyberhate, they showed higher odds of being involved in cyberhate as victims, perpetrators, or victim–perpetrators. Finally, adolescents who endorsed close support as a coping strategy showed a lower likelihood to be victim–perpetrators, and adolescents who endorsed assertive coping showed higher odds of being victims. In conclusion, the results confirm the importance of addressing adolescents’ ability to deal with cyberhate to develop more tailored prevention approaches. More specifically, such initiatives should focus on adolescents who feel helpless or feel inclined to retaliate. In addition, adolescents should be educated to practice distal advice and technical coping when experiencing cyberhate. Implications for the design and instruction of evidence-based cyberhate prevention (e.g., online educational games, virtual learning environments) will be discussed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 781 KW - cyberhate KW - hate speech KW - coping strategies KW - cross-national KW - counter-speech Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-561927 SN - 1866-8364 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wachs, Sebastian A1 - Machimbarrena, Juan Manuel A1 - Wright, Michelle F. A1 - Gámez-Guadix, Manuel A1 - Yang, Soeun A1 - Sittichai, Ruthaychonnee A1 - Singh, Ritu A1 - Biswal, Ramakrishna A1 - Flora, Katerina A1 - Daskalou, Vassiliki A1 - Maziridou, Evdoxia A1 - Sung Hong, Jun A1 - Krause, Norman T1 - Associations between Coping Strategies and Cyberhate Involvement: Evidence from Adolescents across Three World Regions JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - Cyberhate represents a risk to adolescents’ development and peaceful coexistence in democratic societies. Yet, not much is known about the relationship between adolescents’ ability to cope with cyberhate and their cyberhate involvement. To fill current gaps in the literature and inform the development of media education programs, the present study investigated various coping strategies in a hypothetical cyberhate scenario as correlates for being cyberhate victims, perpetrators, and both victim–perpetrators. The sample consisted of 6829 adolescents aged 12–18 years old (Mage = 14.93, SD = 1.64; girls: 50.4%, boys: 48.9%, and 0.7% did not indicate their gender) from Asia, Europe, and North America. Results showed that adolescents who endorsed distal advice or endorsed technical coping showed a lower likelihood to be victims, perpetrators, or victim–perpetrators. In contrast, if adolescents felt helpless or endorsed retaliation to cope with cyberhate, they showed higher odds of being involved in cyberhate as victims, perpetrators, or victim–perpetrators. Finally, adolescents who endorsed close support as a coping strategy showed a lower likelihood to be victim–perpetrators, and adolescents who endorsed assertive coping showed higher odds of being victims. In conclusion, the results confirm the importance of addressing adolescents’ ability to deal with cyberhate to develop more tailored prevention approaches. More specifically, such initiatives should focus on adolescents who feel helpless or feel inclined to retaliate. In addition, adolescents should be educated to practice distal advice and technical coping when experiencing cyberhate. Implications for the design and instruction of evidence-based cyberhate prevention (e.g., online educational games, virtual learning environments) will be discussed. KW - cyberhate KW - hate speech KW - coping strategies KW - cross-national KW - counter-speech Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116749 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 19 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 11 ER -