TY  - JOUR
A1  - Englert, Chris
A1  - Wolff, Wanja
T1  - Neuroenhancement and the strength model of self-control
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Neuroenhancement (NE), the use of substances as a means to enhance performance, has garnered considerable scientific attention of late. While ethical and epidemiological publications on the topic accumulate, there is a lack of theory-driven psychological research that aims at understanding psychological drivers of NE. In this perspective article we argue that self-control strength offers a promising theory-based approach to further understand and investigate NE behavior. Using the strength model of self-control, we derive two theory-driven perspectives on NE-self-control research. First, we propose that individual differences in state/trait self-control strength differentially affect NE behavior based on one's individual experience of NE use. Building upon this, we outline promising research questions that (will) further elucidate our understanding of NE based on the strength model's propositions. Second, we discuss evidence indicating that popular NE substances (like Methylphenidate) may counteract imminent losses of self-control strength. We outline how further research on NE's effects on the ego-depletion effect may further broaden our understanding of the strength model of self-control.
KW  - ego depletion
KW  - neuroenhancement
KW  - self-control
KW  - self-regulation
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01425
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 6
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Englert, Chris
A1  - Wolff, Wanja
T1  - Neuroenhancement and the strength model of self-control
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Neuroenhancement (NE), the use of substances as a means to enhance performance, has garnered considerable scientific attention of late. While ethical and epidemiological publications on the topic accumulate, there is a lack of theory-driven psychological research that aims at understanding psychological drivers of NE. In this perspective article we argue that self-control strength offers a promising theory-based approach to further understand and investigate NE behavior. Using the strength model of self-control, we derive two theory-driven perspectives on NE-self-control research. First, we propose that individual differences in state/trait self-control strength differentially affect NE behavior based on one's individual experience of NE use. Building upon this, we outline promising research questions that (will) further elucidate our understanding of NE based on the strength model's propositions. Second, we discuss evidence indicating that popular NE substances (like Methylphenidate) may counteract imminent losses of self-control strength. We outline how further research on NE's effects on the ego-depletion effect may further broaden our understanding of the strength model of self-control.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 424 
KW  - ego depletion
KW  - neuroenhancement
KW  - self-control
KW  - self-regulation
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406312
IS  - 424
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Englert, Chris
A1  - Wolff, Wanja
T1  - Ego depletion and persistent performance in a cycling task
JF  - International journal of sport and exercise psychology
N2  - We tested the assumption that persistent performance in an exhausting indoor cycling task would depend on momentarily available self-control strength (N = 20 active participants). In a within-subjects design (two points of measurement, exactly seven days apart), participants' self-control strength was experimentally manipulated (depletion: yes vs. no; order counterbalanced) via the Stroop test before the participants performed a cycling task. In line with our hypothesis, hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) revealed that participants consistently performed worse over a period of 18 minutes when they were ego depleted. In addition, HLM analysis revealed that depleted participants invested less effort in the cycling task, as indicated by their lower heart rate. This effect escalated over time, as indicated by a time x condition interaction. These results indicate that self-control strength is necessary to obtain an optimal level of performance in endurance tasks requiring high levels of persistence. Practical implications are discussed.
KW  - Cycling
KW  - Ego-depletion
KW  - Hierarchical linear modeling
KW  - Self-control
KW  - Self-regulation
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP2015.46.137
SN  - 0047-0767
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
SP  - 137
EP  - 151
PB  - Pozzi
CY  - Roma
ER  -