TY - THES A1 - Timme, Sinika T1 - Affective responses during exercise and situated exercise-related decision-making T1 - Affektives Erleben beim Sport und bewegungsbezogenes situiertes Entscheidungsverhalten BT - theoretical and methodological advancements towards a better understanding of exercise behavior N2 - The field of exercise psychology has established robust evidence on the health benefits of physical activity. However, interventions to promote sustained exercise behavior have often proven ineffective. This dissertation addresses challenges in the field, particularly the neglect of situated and affective processes in understanding and changing exercise behavior. Dual process models, considering both rational and affective processes, have gained recognition. The Affective Reflective Theory of Physical Inactivity and Exercise (ART) is a notable model in this context, positing that situated processes in-the-moment of choice influence exercise decisions and subsequent exercise behavior. The dissertation identifies current challenges within exercise psychology and proposes methodological and theoretical advancements. It emphasizes the importance of momentary affective states and situated processes, offering alternatives to self-reported measures and advocating for a more comprehensive modeling of individual variability. The focus is on the affective processes during exercise, theorized to reappear in momentary decision-making, shaping overall exercise behavior. The first publication introduces a new method by using automated facial action analysis to measure variable affective responses during exercise. It explores how these behavioral indicators covary with self-reported measures of affective valence and perceived exertion. The second publication delves into situated processes at the moment of choice between exercise and non-exercise options, revealing that intraindividual factors play a crucial role in explaining exercise-related choices. The third publication presents an open-source research tool, the Decisional Preferences in Exercising Test (DPEX), designed to capture repeated situated decisions and predict exercise behavior based on past experiences. The findings challenge previous assumptions and provide insights into the complex interplay of affective responses, situated processes, and exercise choices. The dissertation underscores the need for individualized interventions that manipulate affective responses during exercise and calls for systematic testing to establish causal links to automatic affective processes and subsequent exercise behavior. This dissertation highlights the necessity for methodological and conceptual refinements in understanding and promoting exercise behavior, ultimately contributing to the broader goal of combating increasing inactivity trends. N2 - Das Gebiet der „exercise psychology“ hat in vergangenen Jahren robuste Evidenz für die gesundheitlichen Vorteile körperlicher Aktivität hervorgebracht. Interventionen zur Erhöhung nachhaltigen Bewegungsverhaltens haben sich jedoch oft als unwirksam erwiesen. Diese Dissertation adressiert Herausforderungen auf diesem Gebiet, insbesondere die Vernachlässigung von situierten und affektiven Prozessen beim Verständnis und der Veränderung von Bewegungsverhalten. In den letzten Jahren haben Zwei-Prozess Modelle, die sowohl überlegt-rationale als auch automatisch-affektive Prozesse berücksichtigen, an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die Affective Reflective Theory of Physical Inactivity and Exercise (ART) ist eine dieser Theorien und postuliert, dass situierte Prozesse im Moment der Entscheidung das Bewegungsverhalten beeinflussen. Die Dissertation identifiziert aktuelle Herausforderungen im Bereich der „Exercise Psychology“ und bringt methodische und theoretische Neuerungen hervor. Dabei wird die Bedeutung von momentanen affektiven Zuständen und situativen Prozessen betont, Alternativen zu selbstberichteten Maßnahmen untersucht und für eine umfassendere Modellierung individueller Variabilität plädiert. Der Fokus liegt auf den affektiven Prozessen während des Sporttreibens, die theoretisch konzeptualisiert sind, im Moment der Entscheidung reaktiviert und das zukünftige Bewegungsverhalten zu beeinflussen. Die erste Veröffentlichung führt eine neue Methode ein, indem automatisierte Gesichtsausrucksanalyse verwendet wird, um variable affektive Reaktionen während Sporttreiben zu messen. Sie untersucht, wie diese Verhaltensindikatoren mit selbstberichteten Maßen der affektiven Wertigkeit und wahrgenommenen Anstrengung kovariieren. Die zweite Veröffentlichung geht auf situative Prozesse im Moment der Entscheidung zwischen Bewegungs- und Nicht-Bewegungsoptionen ein und zeigt, dass intraindividuelle Faktoren eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Erklärung von bewegungsbezogenen Entscheidungen spielen. Die dritte Veröffentlichung stellt ein Open-Source-Forschungstool vor, den Decisional Preferences in Exercising Test (DPEX), der darauf abzielt, wiederholte situierte Entscheidungen zu erfassen und Bewegungsverhalten basierend auf vergangenen Erfahrungen vorherzusagen. Die Ergebnisse erweitern bisherige Erkenntnisse und geben Einblicke in das komplexe Zusammenspiel von affektiven Reaktionen, situierten Prozessen und Bewegungsentscheidungen. Die Dissertation betont die Notwendigkeit individualisierter Interventionen, die affektive Reaktionen während des Sporttreibens manipulieren, und fordert systematische Untersuchungen, um kausale Verbindungen zu automatischen affektiven Prozessen und anschließendem Bewegungsverhalten herzustellen. Diese Dissertation hebt die Notwendigkeit methodischer und konzeptueller Erweiterungen beim Verständnis und der Förderung von Bewegungsverhalten hervor und trägt letztendlich zum übergeordneten Ziel bei, dem steigenden Trend der Inaktivität entgegenzuwirken. KW - exercise KW - Bewegungsverhalten KW - motivation KW - psychology KW - situated processes KW - dual process models KW - Zwei-Prozess Modelle KW - Sport und Bewegung KW - Motivation KW - Psychologie KW - situierte Prozesse Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-614323 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Timme, Sinika A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Raboldt, Michaela T1 - Exercise or not? BT - An empirical illustration of the role of behavioral alternatives in exercise motivation and resulting theoretical considerations T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Objective: Individuals’ decisions to engage in exercise are often the result of in-the-moment choices between exercise and a competing behavioral alternative. The purpose of this study was to investigate processes that occur in-the-moment (i.e., situated processes) when individuals are faced with the choice between exercise and a behavioral alternative during a computerized task. These were analyzed against the background of interindividual differences in individuals’ automatic valuation and controlled evaluation of exercise. Method: In a behavioral alternatives task 101 participants were asked whether they would rather choose an exercise option or a behavioral alternative in 25 trials. Participants’ gaze behavior (first gaze and fixations) was recorded using eye-tracking. An exercise-specific affect misattribution procedure (AMP) was used to assess participants’ automatic valuation of exercise before the task. After the task, self-reported feelings towards exercise (controlled evaluation) and usual weekly exercise volume were assessed. Mixed effects models with random effects for subjects and trials were used for data analysis. Results: Choosing exercise was positively correlated with individuals’ automatic valuation (r = 0.20, p = 0.05), controlled evaluation (r = 0.58, p < 0.001), and their weekly exercise volume (r = 0.43, p < 0.001). Participants showed no bias in their initial gaze or number of fixations towards the exercise or the non-exercise alternative. However, participants were 1.30 times more likely to fixate on the chosen alternative first and more frequently, but this gaze behavior was not related to individuals’ automatic valuation, controlled evaluation, or weekly exercise volume. Conclusion: The results suggest that situated processes arising from defined behavioral alternatives may be independent of individuals’ general preferences. Despite one’s best general intention to exercise more, the choice of a non-exercise alternative behavior may seem more appealing in-the-moment and eventually be chosen. New psychological theories of health behavior change should therefore better consider the role of potentially conflicting alternatives when it comes to initiating physical activity or exercise. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 834 KW - eye-tracking KW - dual-process models KW - situated processes KW - motivation KW - physical activity Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-588638 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 834 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Timme, Sinika A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Raboldt, Michaela T1 - Exercise or not? BT - An empirical illustration of the role of behavioral alternatives in exercise motivation and resulting theoretical considerations JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Objective: Individuals’ decisions to engage in exercise are often the result of in-the-moment choices between exercise and a competing behavioral alternative. The purpose of this study was to investigate processes that occur in-the-moment (i.e., situated processes) when individuals are faced with the choice between exercise and a behavioral alternative during a computerized task. These were analyzed against the background of interindividual differences in individuals’ automatic valuation and controlled evaluation of exercise. Method: In a behavioral alternatives task 101 participants were asked whether they would rather choose an exercise option or a behavioral alternative in 25 trials. Participants’ gaze behavior (first gaze and fixations) was recorded using eye-tracking. An exercise-specific affect misattribution procedure (AMP) was used to assess participants’ automatic valuation of exercise before the task. After the task, self-reported feelings towards exercise (controlled evaluation) and usual weekly exercise volume were assessed. Mixed effects models with random effects for subjects and trials were used for data analysis. Results: Choosing exercise was positively correlated with individuals’ automatic valuation (r = 0.20, p = 0.05), controlled evaluation (r = 0.58, p < 0.001), and their weekly exercise volume (r = 0.43, p < 0.001). Participants showed no bias in their initial gaze or number of fixations towards the exercise or the non-exercise alternative. However, participants were 1.30 times more likely to fixate on the chosen alternative first and more frequently, but this gaze behavior was not related to individuals’ automatic valuation, controlled evaluation, or weekly exercise volume. Conclusion: The results suggest that situated processes arising from defined behavioral alternatives may be independent of individuals’ general preferences. Despite one’s best general intention to exercise more, the choice of a non-exercise alternative behavior may seem more appealing in-the-moment and eventually be chosen. New psychological theories of health behavior change should therefore better consider the role of potentially conflicting alternatives when it comes to initiating physical activity or exercise. KW - eye-tracking KW - dual-process models KW - situated processes KW - motivation KW - physical activity Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1049356 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 14 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER -