TY - JOUR A1 - Biermann, Robin Tim A1 - Bach, Linh T. A1 - Kläring, Hans-Peter A1 - Baldermann, Susanne A1 - Börnke, Frederik A1 - Schwarz, Dietmar T1 - Discovering tolerance-A computational approach to assess abiotic stress tolerance in tomato under greenhouse conditions JF - Frontiers in sustainable food systems N2 - Modern plant cultivars often possess superior growth characteristics, but within a limited range of environmental conditions. Due to climate change, crops will be exposed to distressing abiotic conditions more often in the future, out of which heat stress is used as example for this study. To support identification of tolerant germplasm and advance screening techniques by a novel multivariate evaluation method, a diversity panel of 14 tomato genotypes, comprising Mediterranean landraces of Solanum lycopersicum, the cultivar "Moneymaker" and Solanum pennellii LA0716, which served as internal references, was assessed toward their tolerance against long-term heat stress. After 5 weeks of growth, young tomato plants were exposed to either control (22/18 degrees C) or heat stress (35/25 degrees C) conditions for 2 weeks. Within this period, water consumption, leaf angles and leaf color were determined. Additionally, gas exchange and leaf temperature were investigated. Finally, biomass traits were recorded. The resulting multivariate dataset on phenotypic plasticity was evaluated to test the hypothesis, that more tolerant genotypes have less affected phenotypes upon stress adaptation. For this, a cluster-analysis-based approach was developed that involved a principal component analysis (PCA), dimension reduction and determination of Euclidean distances. These distances served as measure for the phenotypic plasticity upon heat stress. Statistical evaluation allowed the identification and classification of homogeneous groups consisting each of four putative more or less heat stress tolerant genotypes. The resulting classification of the internal references as "tolerant" highlights the applicability of our proposed tolerance assessment model. PCA factor analysis on principal components 1-3 which covered 76.7% of variance within the phenotypic data, suggested that some laborious measure such as the gas exchange might be replaced with the determination of leaf temperature in larger heat stress screenings. Hence, the overall advantage of the presented method is rooted in its suitability of both, planning and executing screenings for abiotic stress tolerance using multivariate phenotypic data to overcome the challenge of identifying abiotic stress tolerant plants from existing germplasms and promote sustainable agriculture for the future. KW - abiotic stress KW - breeding KW - heat stress KW - phenotyping KW - Solanum KW - lycopersicum KW - screening KW - stress tolerance Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.878013 SN - 2571-581X VL - 6 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlickewei, Ole A1 - Nienstedt, Julie Cläre A1 - Frank, Ulrike A1 - Fründt, Odette A1 - Pötter-Nerger, Monika A1 - Gerloff, Christian A1 - Buhmann, Carsten A1 - Müller, Frank A1 - Lezius, Susanne A1 - Koseki, Jana-Christiane A1 - Pflug, Christina T1 - The ability of the eating assessment tool‑10 to detect penetration and aspiration in Parkinson’s disease JF - European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck N2 - Purpose: Dysphagia is common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and often leads to pneumonia, malnutrition, and reduced quality of life. This study investigates the ability of the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10), an established, easy self-administered screening tool, to detect aspiration in PD patients. This study aims to validate the ability of the EAT-10 to detect FEES-proven aspiration in patients with PD. Methods: In a controlled prospective cross-sectional study, a total of 50 PD patients completed the EAT-10 and, subsequently, were examined by Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) to determine the swallowing status. The results were rated through the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) and data were analyzed retrospectively. Results: PAS and EAT-10 did not correlate significantly. Selected items of the EAT-10 could not predict aspiration or residues. 19 (38%) out of 50 patients with either penetration or aspiration were not detected by the EAT-10. The diagnostic accuracy was established at only a sufficient level (AUC 0.65). An optimal cut-off value of >= 6 presented a sensitivity of 58% and specificity of 82%. Conclusions: The EAT-10 is not suited for the detection of penetration and aspiration in PD patients. Therefore, it cannot be used as a screening method in this patient population. There is still a need for a valid, simple, and efficient screening tool to assist physicians in their daily diagnostics and to avoid clinical complications. KW - Parkinson's disease KW - dysphagia KW - questionnaire KW - screening Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06377-x SN - 0937-4477 SN - 1434-4726 VL - 278 IS - 5 SP - 1661 EP - 1668 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schiborn, Catarina A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd T1 - Diabetes risk scores T1 - Diabetesrisikoscores BT - use in diabetes prevention BT - Einsatz in der Diabetesprävention JF - Der Diabetologe N2 - Risk scores are used to identify high-risk individuals for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who benefit from preventive measures. The DIfE-DEUTSCHER DIABETES-RISIKO-TEST (R) (DRT) is used to determine the absolute 5-year risk for T2DM. Since the calculation is based on non-clinical information, the test can be used independently of a doctor's visit. Data from prospective population-based long-term studies serve as the basis for the development of risk scores. As in the case of the DRT, the very good predictive quality of a score should be confirmed in independent populations. In addition to the use by doctors and for individual self-anamnesis, non-clinical risk scores can be used in the context of broader, population-based prevention concepts and information offers to reduce the risk of disease. Prevention services billable by health insurance companies should support the integration of health-promoting behavior into everyday life within the meaning of the German Prevention Act. Although obesity and diet are relevant lifestyle risk factors for T2DM, the proportion of preventive courses taken on this topic is only 3% of the courses billed. Appropriate recommendations in medical examinations could promote more extensive use. The use of risk scores as the basis for systematic and targeted recommendations for behavioral prevention could also support this, as is already established in guidelines for cardiovascular prevention. The further development of implementation research is also important for the efficient use of risk scores. N2 - Risikoscores werden zur Identifizierung von Hochrisikopersonen für Typ-2-Diabetes (T2DM) eingesetzt, die von Präventionsmaßnahmen profitieren. Der DIfE – DEUTSCHER DIABETES-RISIKO-TEST® (DRT [DIfE: Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam‐Rehbrücke]) wird genutzt, um das absolute 5‑Jahres-Risiko für T2DM zu bestimmen. Da die Berechnung auf nichtklinischen Informationen basiert, kann der Test unabhängig von einem Arztbesuch genutzt werden. Als Grundlage für die Entwicklung von Risikoscores dienen Daten aus prospektiven populationsbezogenen Langzeitstudien. Die sehr gute Vorhersagegüte eines Scores sollte, wie im Fall des DRT, in unabhängigen Populationen bestätigt werden. Neben dem Einsatz durch Ärzte/‑innen und zur individuellen Selbstanamnese können nichtklinische Risikoscores im Kontext breiterer, bevölkerungsbezogener Präventionskonzepte und Informationsangebote zur Senkung des Erkrankungsrisikos Anwendung finden. Durch Krankenkassen abrechenbare Präventionsleistungen sollen im Sinne des deutschen Präventionsgesetzes die Integration von gesundheitsförderndem Verhalten in den Alltag unterstützen. Obwohl Übergewicht und Ernährung relevante Lebensstilrisikofaktoren für T2DM sind, beträgt der Anteil der in Anspruch genommenen Präventionskurse in diesem Bereich nur 3 % der abgerechneten Kurse. Entsprechende Empfehlungen in ärztlichen Untersuchungen könnten eine umfangreichere Inanspruchnahme fördern. Die Verwendung von Risikoscores als Grundlage für systematische und gezielte Handlungsempfehlungen hinsichtlich einer Verhaltensprävention könnte dies, wie es bereits in Richtlinien der kardiovaskulären Prävention etabliert ist, darüber hinaus unterstützen. Auch die Weiterentwicklung der Implementationsforschung ist für den effizienten Einsatz von Risikoscores von Bedeutung. KW - Type 2 diabetes KW - preventive measures KW - risk assessment KW - life style KW - behavior KW - screening KW - Typ-2-Diabetes KW - Prävention KW - Risikoeinschätzung KW - Lebensstil KW - Verhalten Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-020-00592-0 SN - 1860-9716 SN - 1860-9724 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 226 EP - 233 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tschorn, Mira A1 - Rieckmann, Nina A1 - Arolt, Volker A1 - Beer, Katja A1 - Haverkamp, Wilhelm A1 - Martus, Peter A1 - Waltenberger, Johannes A1 - Müller-Nordhorn, Jacqueline A1 - Ströhle, Andreas T1 - Erkennungsgüte dreier deutschsprachiger Screeninginstrumente für Depression bei hospitalisierten Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung T1 - Diagnostic Accuracy of German Depression Screenings in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease JF - Psychiatrische Praxis N2 - Ziel Vergleich der Erkennungsgüte von drei Depressions-Screeninginstrumenten bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung (KHK). Methodik 1019 KHK-Patienten erhielten den Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9 und PHQ-2) und die Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) sowie ein klinisches Interview (Composite International Diagnostic Interview) als Referenzstandard. Ergebnisse Bezüglich der Erkennungsgüte waren PHQ-9 und HADS-D dem PHQ-2 überlegen. Optimale Cut-off-Werte waren 7 (PHQ-9 und HADS-D) und 2 (PHQ-2). Schlussfolgerung PHQ-9 und HADS-D haben eine vergleichbare Diskriminationsfähigkeit für depressive Störungen bei KHK-Patienten. N2 - Objective To compare the diagnostic accuracy of German depression screening instruments in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods 1019 CHD patients completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9 and PHQ-2) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview served as reference standard for "any depressive disorder" and "major depression". Results The accuracy of the PHQ-9 and the HADS-D was comparable according to the area under the curve, and both were superior to the PHQ-2. The optimal cut-off according to the Youden index (maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity) was 7 for both instruments. At this optimal cut-off, the PHQ-9 had a higher sensitivity compared to the HADS-D, but a lower specificity (below 68). Results remained similar when patients who reported that they currently underwent treatment for depression were excluded. Conclusion The PHQ-9 and the HADS-D have comparable overall diagnostic accuracy in CHD patients. In line with previous screening studies with CHD patients, the optimal cut-offs were below the cut-offs that are recommended in the literature. KW - coronary artery disease KW - depression KW - diagnosis KW - screening KW - validity Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-123434 SN - 0303-4259 SN - 1439-0876 VL - 46 IS - 1 SP - 41 EP - 48 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jopp, Eilin A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Hermanussen, Michael T1 - Prevention and anthropology JF - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie N2 - Screening is an important issue in medicine and is used to early identify unrecognised diseases in persons who are apparently in good health. Screening strongly relies on the concept of "normal values". Normal values are defined as values that are frequently observed in a population and usually range within certain statistical limits. Screening for obesity should start early as the prevalence of obesity consolidates already at early school age. Though widely practiced, measuring BMI is not the ultimate solution for detecting obesity. Children with high BMI may be "robust" in skeletal dimensions. Assessing skeletal robustness and in particularly assessing developmental tempo in adolescents are also important issues in health screening. Yet, in spite of the necessity of screening investigations, appropriate reference values are often missing. Meanwhile, new concepts of growth diagrams have been developed. Stage line diagrams are useful for tracking developmental processes over time. Functional data analyses have efficiently been used for analysing longitudinal growth in height and assessing the tempo of maturation. Convenient low-cost statistics have also been developed for generating synthetic national references. KW - screening KW - obesity KW - skeletal robustness KW - developmental tempo Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0003-5548/2014/0384 SN - 0003-5548 VL - 71 IS - 1-2 SP - 135 EP - 141 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petrov, Veselin A1 - Schippers, Jos A1 - Benina, Maria A1 - Minkov, Ivan A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Gechev, Tsanko S. T1 - In search for new players of the oxidative stress network by phenotyping an Arabidopsis T-DNA mutant collection on reactive oxygen species-eliciting chemicals JF - Plant omics N2 - The ability of some chemical compounds to cause oxidative stress offers a fast and convenient way to study the responses of plants to reactive oxygen species (ROS). In order to unveil potential novel genetic players of the ROS-regulatory network, a population of similar to 2,000 randomly selected Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA insertion mutants was screened for ROS sensitivity/resistance by growing seedlings on agar medium supplemented with stress-inducing concentrations of the superoxide-eliciting herbicide methyl viologen or the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-triazole. A semi-robotic setup was used to capture and analyze images of the chemically treated seedlings which helped interpret the screening results by providing quantitative information on seedling area and healthy-to-chlorotic tissue ratios for data verification. A ROS-related phenotype was confirmed in three of the initially selected 33 mutant candidates, which carry T-DNA insertions in genes encoding a Ring/Ubox superfamily protein, ABI5 binding protein 1 (AFP1), previously reported to be involved in ABA signaling, and a protein of unknown function, respectively. In addition, we identified six mutants, most of which have not been described yet, that are related to growth or chloroplast development and show defects in a ROS-independent manner. Thus, semi-automated image capturing and phenotyping applied on publically available T-DNA insertion collections adds a simple means for discovering novel mutants in complex physiological processes and identifying the genes involved. KW - growth KW - image analysis KW - methyl viologen KW - LemnaTec KW - screening KW - superoxide Y1 - 2013 SN - 1836-0661 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 46 EP - 54 PB - Southern Cross Publ. CY - Lismore ER -