TY - JOUR A1 - von Aster, Michael G. T1 - Dyskalkulie T1 - Dyscalculia BT - wenn Kinder nicht rechnen lernen BT - if children do not learn arithmetics JF - Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinderheilkunde N2 - Hintergrund Ausgeprägte Schwierigkeiten beim Erwerb der grundlegenden arithmetischen Fertigkeiten bei ansonsten durchschnittlichen Schulleistungen werden als Rechenstörung oder Dyskalkulie bezeichnet. Davon betroffen sind etwa 5 % der Grundschülerpopulation. Die Ursachen und die Symptome sind ebenso vielgestaltig wie die Methoden der differenziellen Förderung und Therapie. Material und Methode Selektive Literaturrecherche zur Rechenstörung aus verschiedenen mit dem Gegenstand befassten wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen. Ergebnisse Der Erwerb von Fähigkeiten zur Zahlenverarbeitung und zum Rechnen wird als ein erfahrungsabhängiger neuroplastischer Reifungsprozess verstanden, der zu einem komplexen, spezialisierten neuronalen Netzwerk führt und verschiedene kognitive Zahlenrepräsentationen hervorbringt. Die Entwicklung dieser domänenspezifischen Fähigkeiten ist abhängig von der Entwicklung domänenübergreifender Fähigkeiten, wie Aufmerksamkeit, Arbeitsgedächtnis, Sprache und visuell-räumlichen Fähigkeiten. Störungen dieser Reifungsprozesse können in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien unterschiedliche Komponenten der Entwicklung dieses komplexen kognitiven Systems betreffen und sind daher im klinischen Erscheinungsbild vielgestaltig. Sonderpädagogische, lerntherapeutische und ggf. medizinische Maßnahmen benötigen eine differenzielle Diagnostik und Indikationsstellung. Moderne computerbasierte Lernsoftware kann sowohl die schulische Didaktik als auch lerntherapeutische Vorgehensweisen unterstützen. Schlussfolgerung Frühzeitiges Erkennen sowie differenzielle und individualisierte Förderung können die Gefahr des Auftretens sekundärer emotionaler Störungen mindern. Die Diagnostik und die Behandlung der Rechenstörung sollten evidenzbasiert und leitlinienorientiert erfolgen sowie der Komplexität und Vielgestaltigkeit der Symptombildungen Rechnung tragen. N2 - Background Dyscalculia is defined as severe difficulties in acquiring basic arithmetic competencies in children with otherwise average scholastic performance. About 5% of children in the population of primary school children are affected. The etiological factors and clinical symptoms are as multifarious as the methods of differential treatment and therapy. Materials and methods Selective review of publications regarding dyscalculia from multiple disciplines addressing the subject. Results The acquisition of abilities in number processing and arithmetic skills is conceptualized as an experience-based neuroplastic developmental process leading to a complex, specialised neuronal network and different cognitive representations of numbers. The development of these domain-specific abilities depends on the development of domain-general abilities such as attention, working memory and visuospatial abilities. Troubles in these maturational processes can lead to deficits in various components of this complex system resulting into heterogeneous symptoms. Special need interventions and therapy as well as possible medical approaches require a holistic diagnostic assessment and differential indication. Modern computer-based learning software can support learning processes in special need interventions. Conclusion Early identification as well as differential and individualised intervention can reduce the risk of the developing secondary psychiatric disorders. The diagnosis and treatment of dyscalculia should be made using evidence-based procedures following the guidelines which take account of the complexity of dyscalculia and its varying cognitive functional profile. KW - Mathematics KW - Dyscalculia KW - Comorbidity KW - Performance anxiety KW - Learning therapy Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-017-0289-x SN - 0026-9298 SN - 1433-0474 VL - 165 SP - 482 EP - 489 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drosselmeyer, J. A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Hadji, P. A1 - Kostev, K. T1 - Depression risk in female patients with osteoporosis in primary care practices in Germany JF - Osteoporosis international N2 - The Summary Thirty-five thousand four hundred eighty-three female osteoporosis patients were compared with 35,483 patients without osteoporosis regarding the incidence of depression. The risk of depression is significantly increased for patients with osteoporosis compared with patients without osteoporosis in primary care practices within Germany. Introduction The objectives of the present study were to analyze the incidence of depression in German female patients with osteoporosis and to evaluate the risk factors for depression diagnosis within this patient population. Methods This study was a retrospective database analysis conducted in Germany utilizing the Disease Analyzer (R) Database (IMS Health, Germany). The study population included 70,966 patients between 40 and 80 years of age from 1072 primary care practices. The observation period was between 2004 and 2013. Follow-up duration was 5 years and was completed in April 2015. A total of 35,483 osteoporosis patients were selected after applying exclusion criteria, and 35,483 controls were chosen and then matched (1:1) to osteoporosis patients based on age, sex, health insurance coverage, depression diagnosis in the past, and follow-up duration after index date. The analyses of depression-free survival were carried out using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. Cox proportional hazards models (dependent variable: depression) were used to adjust for confounders. Results Depression diagnoses were presented in 33.0% of the osteoporosis group and 22.7% of the control group after the 5-year follow-up (p < 0.001). Dementia, cancer, heart failure, coronary heart disease, and diabetes were associated with a higher risk of developing depression (p < 0.001). Private health insurance was associated with a lower risk of depression. There was no significant effect of fractures on depression risk. Conclusion The risk of depression is significantly increased for patients with osteoporosis in primary care practices within Germany. KW - Comorbidity KW - Depression risk KW - Osteoporosis KW - Primary care practice Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-016-3584-9 SN - 0937-941X SN - 1433-2965 VL - 27 SP - 2739 EP - 2744 PB - Springer CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ihle, Wolfgang T1 - Depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence. Evidence and consensus-based diagnostics and treatment JF - Psychotherapeut N2 - Unipolar depressive disorders in adolescence are common, lead to serious impairments and are often associated with comorbid disorders and a high risk for suicide. Thus, recognition and early treatment of depressive disorders are important. International and national treatment guidelines show that effective treatment approaches for prevention and acute therapy of depressive disorders are available. Based on current evidence and consensus-based guidelines, such as the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF) S3 treatment guidelines for unipolar depressive disorders in children and adolescents, state of the art diagnostic procedures and treatment recommendations are proposed. Diagnostic procedures and differential diagnoses as well as differential indications and treatment planning are reported in detail. In the treatment section the focus is on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which is currently the best evaluated psychological treatment form for depressive disorders in children and adolescents. KW - Cognitive-behavioral therapy KW - Classification and diagnostics KW - Guidelines KW - Comorbidity KW - Suicide Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-016-0136-x SN - 0935-6185 SN - 1432-2080 VL - 61 SP - 535 EP - 553 PB - Springer CY - New York ER -