TY - GEN A1 - Dolcos, Florin A1 - Katsumi, Yuta A1 - Moore, Matthew A1 - Berggren, Nick A1 - de Gelder, Beatrice A1 - Derakshan, Nazanin A1 - Hamm, Alfons O. A1 - Koster, Ernst H. W. A1 - Ladouceur, Cecile D. A1 - Okon-Singer, Hadas A1 - Ventura-Bort, Carlos A1 - Weymar, Mathias T1 - Neural correlates of emotion-attention interactions BT - From perception, learning, and memory to social cognition, individual differences, and training interventions T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Due to their ability to capture attention, emotional stimuli tend to benefit from enhanced perceptual processing, which can be helpful when such stimuli are task-relevant but hindering when they are task-irrelevant. Altered emotion-attention interactions have been associated with symptoms of affective disturbances, and emerging research focuses on improving emotion-attention interactions to prevent or treat affective disorders. In line with the Human Affectome Project's emphasis on linguistic components, we also analyzed the language used to describe attention-related aspects of emotion, and highlighted terms related to domains such as conscious awareness, motivational effects of attention, social attention, and emotion regulation. These terms were discussed within a broader review of available evidence regarding the neural correlates of (1) Emotion-Attention Interactions in Perception, (2) Emotion-Attention Interactions in Learning and Memory, (3) Individual Differences in Emotion-Attention Interactions, and (4) Training and Interventions to Optimize Emotion-Attention Interactions. This comprehensive approach enabled an integrative overview of the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of emotion-attention interactions at multiple levels of analysis, and identification of emerging directions for future investigations. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 862 KW - emotion KW - attention KW - perception KW - learning and memory KW - individual differences KW - training interventions KW - psychophysiology KW - neuroimaging KW - affective neuroscience KW - health and well-being KW - linguistics Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-516213 SN - 1866-8364 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dolcos, Florin A1 - Katsumi, Yuta A1 - Moore, Matthew A1 - Berggren, Nick A1 - de Gelder, Beatrice A1 - Derakshan, Nazanin A1 - Hamm, Alfons O. A1 - Koster, Ernst H. W. A1 - Ladouceur, Cecile D. A1 - Okon-Singer, Hadas A1 - Ventura-Bort, Carlos A1 - Weymar, Mathias T1 - Neural correlates of emotion-attention interactions BT - From perception, learning, and memory to social cognition, individual differences, and training interventions JF - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews N2 - Due to their ability to capture attention, emotional stimuli tend to benefit from enhanced perceptual processing, which can be helpful when such stimuli are task-relevant but hindering when they are task-irrelevant. Altered emotion-attention interactions have been associated with symptoms of affective disturbances, and emerging research focuses on improving emotion-attention interactions to prevent or treat affective disorders. In line with the Human Affectome Project's emphasis on linguistic components, we also analyzed the language used to describe attention-related aspects of emotion, and highlighted terms related to domains such as conscious awareness, motivational effects of attention, social attention, and emotion regulation. These terms were discussed within a broader review of available evidence regarding the neural correlates of (1) Emotion-Attention Interactions in Perception, (2) Emotion-Attention Interactions in Learning and Memory, (3) Individual Differences in Emotion-Attention Interactions, and (4) Training and Interventions to Optimize Emotion-Attention Interactions. This comprehensive approach enabled an integrative overview of the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of emotion-attention interactions at multiple levels of analysis, and identification of emerging directions for future investigations. KW - emotion KW - attention KW - perception KW - learning and memory KW - individual differences KW - training interventions KW - psychophysiology KW - neuroimaging KW - affective neuroscience KW - health and well-being KW - linguistics Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.017 SN - 0149-7634 SN - 1873-7528 VL - 108 SP - 559 EP - 601 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Festman, Yariv A1 - Adam, Jos J. A1 - Pratt, Jay A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Both hand position and movement direction modulate visual attention JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - The current study explored effects of continuous hand motion on the allocation of visual attention. A concurrent paradigm was used to combine visually concealed continuous hand movements with an attentionally demanding letter discrimination task. The letter probe appeared contingent upon the moving right hand passing through one of six positions. Discrimination responses were then collected via a keyboard press with the static left hand. Both the right hand's position and its movement direction systematically contributed to participants' visual sensitivity. Discrimination performance increased substantially when the right hand was distant from, but moving toward the visual probe location (replicating the far-hand effect, Festrnan et al., 2013). However, this effect disappeared when the probe appeared close to the static left hand, supporting the view that static and dynamic features of both hands combine in modulating pragmatic maps of attention. KW - embodied cognition KW - covert attention KW - hand dynamics KW - near-hand effect KW - perception Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00657 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 4 IS - 4 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haag, Johannes T1 - Analytic Kantianism BT - Sellars and McDowell on Sensory Consciousness JF - Con-textos kantianos : international journal of philosophy N2 - Wilfrid Sellars and John McDowell can both be read as proponents of Analytic Kantianism. However, their accounts differ in important detail. In particular, McDowell has criticized Sellars’s account of sensory consciousness in a number of papers (most notably in LFI and SC), both as a reading of Kant and on its systematic merits. The present paper offers a detailed analysis of this criticism and a defense of Sellars’s position against the background of a methodology of transcendental philosophy. KW - Kant KW - Sellars KW - McDowell KW - Transcendental Philosophy KW - perception KW - intuition KW - judgment Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1092766 SN - 2386-7655 SP - 18 EP - 41 PB - Instituto de Filosofía del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CY - Madrid ER - TY - THES A1 - Hallermeier, Larissa Diane T1 - Küsten und Klimawandel in den Augen von Touristen : eine Wahrnehmungsanalyse an der deutschen Ostsee T1 - How do tourists percieve the coast and climate change? : A perception analysis at the Baltic Sea N2 - Aufgrund seiner wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung spielt der Tourismus in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern eine große Rolle. Insbesondere die Küstengebiete sind beliebte Reiseziele. In den letzten Jahren konnte ein kontinuierlicher Anstieg der Ankünfte und Übernachtungen verzeichnet werden. Neben anderen Faktoren werden die regionalen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels jedoch in Zukunft eine Herausforderung für den Tourismussektor darstellen. Die globale Erwärmung wird für den Strand- und Badetourismus sowohl negative, als auch positive Folgen haben, auf die reagiert werden muss. Neben vorbeugenden Klimaschutzmaßnahmen werden künftig auch Anpassungsstrategien entwickelt werden müssen, die den zu erwartenden Veränderungen Rechnung tragen. Doch zu welchen tourismusrelevanten Veränderungen wird es überhaupt kommen und was geschieht bereits aktuell? Sind die Folgen des Klimawandels durch Touristen schon jetzt wahrnehmbar? Wie reagieren die Urlauber auf eventuelle Veränderungen? Diese und andere Fragen soll die vorliegende Arbeit, die innerhalb des RAdOST-Vorhabens (Regionale Anpassungsstrategien für die deutsche Ostseeküste) angesiedelt ist, beantworten. Dazu wurde zum einen eine Literaturrecherche zu tourismusrelevanten Klimawandelfolgen an der deutschen Ostseeküste durchgeführt. Zum anderen erfolgte in den Sommermonaten 2010 eine Befragung der Strandgäste in Markgrafenheide, Warnemünde und Nienhagen an der mecklenburgischen Ostseeküste. Im Mittelpunkt der Umfrage stand die Wahrnehmung von Erscheinungen (z.B. viele Quallen oder warmes Ostseewasser) sowie kurz- oder langfristigen Veränderungen an der Küste (z.B. schmalere Strände, vermehrter Strandanwurf) durch die Urlauber. Außerdem wurden die Einstellung und der Informationsgrad der Gäste zum Thema Klimawandel an der Ostseeküste analysiert. Ziel war es, aus den Umfrageergebnissen Handlungsempfehlungen für das lokale Strandmanagement hinsichtlich künftiger Anpassungsstrategien abzuleiten. Die Literaturrecherche zeigte, dass in einigen Bereichen schon jetzt Veränderungen (z.B. der Luft- und Wassertemperatur oder des Meeresspiegels) nachweisbar sind und laut verschiedener Modellprojektionen von weiteren Veränderungen ausgegangen werden kann. Wie die Umfrage deutlich machte, sind die Veränderungen momentan durch Touristen jedoch kaum oder gar nicht wahrnehmbar. Dementsprechend gering ist auch ihre Reaktion auf die einzelnen Phänomene. Generell ist die Wahrnehmung der Urlauber sehr subjektiv und selektiv. Manche Gegebenheiten wie beispielsweise existierende Küstenschutzmaßnahmen werden von einem großen Teil der Touristen gar nicht wahrgenommen. Hinsichtlich anderer Erscheinungen wie Strandanwurf und Quallen sind viele Besucher wiederum sehr sensibel. Es zeigte sich außerdem, dass es für die meisten Urlauber schwierig ist, zu beurteilen, ob bestimmte Gegebenheiten am Strand und an der Küste mit der globalen Erwärmung in Verbindung stehen oder nicht. Es besteht eine große Unsicherheit zu diesem Thema und oft wird der Klimawandel als Ursache für Erscheinungen genannt, auch wenn der kausale Zusammenhang wissenschaftlich nicht nachzuweisen ist. Es zeigte sich, dass die Urlauber sehr wenig über die regionalen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels informiert sind, sich aber Informationen wünschen. Folglich sollte zunächst die Aufklärung und Information der Urlauber über die Folgen der Veränderung des Klimas im Vordergrund stehen. Denn manche Aspekte, wie der Verlust von Strandabschnitten durch Erosion oder eine eventuelle Zunahme von Blaualgen in der Sommersaison, können nicht gänzlich vermieden werden. Durch gezielte Aufklärung könnte jedoch beispielsweise eine Akzeptanz für naturnahe Strände oder für den Rückzug aus einzelnen Gebieten geschaffen werden. Darüber hinaus sollte die zu erwartende Saisonverlängerung systematisch genutzt werden, um sowohl die Küste, als auch das Hinterland durch gezielte Angebote für Touristen attraktiv zu machen. Auf diese Weise könnte eine Entzerrung der Hauptsaison und eine bessere Auslastung der Beherbergungsbetriebe sowie der touristischen Infrastruktur erreicht werden. KW - Ostsee KW - Klimawandel KW - Anpassungsstrategien KW - Wahrnehmung KW - Tourismus KW - Baltic Sea KW - climate change KW - adaptation KW - perception KW - tourism Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-53855 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heffner, Christopher C. A1 - Fuhrmeister, Pamela A1 - Luthra, Sahil A1 - Mechtenberg, Hannah A1 - Saltzman, David A1 - Myers, Emily B. T1 - Reliability and validity for perceptual flexibility in speech JF - Brain and language : a journal of clinical, experimental and theoretical research N2 - The study of perceptual flexibility in speech depends on a variety of tasks that feature a large degree of variability between participants. Of critical interest is whether measures are consistent within an individual or across stimulus contexts. This is particularly key for individual difference designs that are deployed to examine the neural basis or clinical consequences of perceptual flexibility. In the present set of experiments, we assess the split-half reliability and construct validity of five measures of perceptual flexibility: three of learning in a native language context (e.g., understanding someone with a foreign accent) and two of learning in a non-native context (e.g., learning to categorize non-native speech sounds). We find that most of these tasks show an appreciable level of split-half reliability, although construct validity was sometimes weak. This provides good evidence for reliability for these tasks, while highlighting possible upper limits on expected effect sizes involving each measure. KW - Reliability KW - Construct validity KW - Individual differences KW - Speech KW - perception KW - Phonetic identification KW - Phonetic learning KW - Phonetic KW - adaptation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2021.105070 SN - 0093-934X SN - 1090-2155 VL - 226 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - GEN A1 - Köster, Moritz A1 - Kayhan, Ezgi A1 - Langeloh, Miriam A1 - Hoehl, Stefanie T1 - Making sense of the world BT - Infant learning from a predictive processing perspective T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - For human infants, the first years after birth are a period of intense exploration-getting to understand their own competencies in interaction with a complex physical and social environment. In contemporary neuroscience, the predictive-processing framework has been proposed as a general working principle of the human brain, the optimization of predictions about the consequences of one's own actions, and sensory inputs from the environment. However, the predictive-processing framework has rarely been applied to infancy research. We argue that a predictive-processing framework may provide a unifying perspective on several phenomena of infant development and learning that may seem unrelated at first sight. These phenomena include statistical learning principles, infants' motor and proprioceptive learning, and infants' basic understanding of their physical and social environment. We discuss how a predictive-processing perspective can advance the understanding of infants' early learning processes in theory, research, and application. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 864 KW - cognition KW - infant development KW - neuroscience KW - perception KW - social cognition Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-513717 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köster, Moritz A1 - Kayhan, Ezgi A1 - Langeloh, Miriam A1 - Hoehl, Stefanie T1 - Making sense of the world BT - Infant learning from a predictive processing perspective JF - Perspectives on Psychological Science N2 - For human infants, the first years after birth are a period of intense exploration-getting to understand their own competencies in interaction with a complex physical and social environment. In contemporary neuroscience, the predictive-processing framework has been proposed as a general working principle of the human brain, the optimization of predictions about the consequences of one's own actions, and sensory inputs from the environment. However, the predictive-processing framework has rarely been applied to infancy research. We argue that a predictive-processing framework may provide a unifying perspective on several phenomena of infant development and learning that may seem unrelated at first sight. These phenomena include statistical learning principles, infants' motor and proprioceptive learning, and infants' basic understanding of their physical and social environment. We discuss how a predictive-processing perspective can advance the understanding of infants' early learning processes in theory, research, and application. KW - cognition KW - infant development KW - neuroscience KW - perception KW - social cognition Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619895071 SN - 1745-6916 SN - 1745-6924 VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 562 EP - 571 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schmidt, Katja A1 - Walz, Ariane A1 - Jones, Isobel A1 - Metzger, Marc J. T1 - The sociocultural value of upland regions in the vicinity of cities in comparison with urban green spaces T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Mountain and upland regions provide a wide range of ecosystem services to residents and visitors. While ecosystem research in mountain regions is on the rise, the linkages between sociocultural benefits and ecological systems remain little explored. Mountainous regions close to urban areas provide numerous benefits to a large number of individuals, suggesting a high social value, particularly for cultural ecosystem services. We explored and compared visitors' valuation of ecosystem services in the Pentland Hills, an upland range close to the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, and urban green spaces within Edinburgh. Based on 715 responses to user surveys in both study areas, we identified intense use and high social value for both areas. Several ecosystem services were perceived as equally important in both areas, including many cultural ecosystem services. Significant differences were revealed in the value of physically using nature, which Pentland Hills users rated more highly than those in the urban green spaces, and of mitigation of pollutants and carbon sequestration, for which the urban green spaces were valued more highly. Major differences were further identified for preferences in future land management, with nature-oriented management preferred by about 57% of the interviewees in the Pentland Hills, compared to 31% in the urban parks. The study highlights the substantial value of upland areas in close vicinity to a city for physically using and experiencing nature, with a strong acceptance of nature conservation. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 920 KW - ecosystem services KW - mountains near cities KW - urban green spaces KW - social valuation KW - perception KW - preferences in land management KW - Scotland Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-442010 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 920 SP - 465 EP - 474 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Katja A1 - Walz, Ariane A1 - Jones, Isobel A1 - Metzger, Marc J. T1 - The Sociocultural Value of Upland Regions in the Vicinity of Cities in Comparison With Urban Green Spaces JF - Mountain research and development KW - Ecosystem services KW - mountains near cities KW - urban green spaces KW - social valuation KW - perception KW - preferences in land management KW - Scotland Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-16-00044.1 SN - 0276-4741 SN - 1994-7151 VL - 36 SP - 465 EP - 474 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Lawrence ER -