TY - GEN A1 - Adair, Gigi T1 - The “Feringhi Hakīm”: medical encounters and colonial ambivalence in Isabella Bird’s travels in Japan and Persia T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe N2 - This article considers Isabella Bird’s representation of medicine in Unbeaten Tracks in Japan (1880) and Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan (1891), the two books in which she engages most extensively with both local (Chinese/Islamic) and Western medical science and practice. I explore how Bird uses medicine to assert her narrative authority and define her travelling persona in opposition to local medical practitioners. I argue that her ambivalence and the unease she frequently expresses concerning medical practice (expressed particularly in her later adoption of the Persian appellation “Feringhi Hakīm” [European physician] to describe her work) serves as a means for her to negotiate the colonial and gendered pressures on Victorian medicine. While in Japan this attitude works to destabilise her hierarchical understanding of science and results in some acknowledgement of traditional Japanese traditions, in Persia it functions more to disguise her increasing collusion with overt British colonial ambitions. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 120 KW - Isabella Bird KW - medicine KW - travel KW - gender KW - colonialism KW - missionaries KW - Japan KW - Persia Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395316 SN - 1866-8380 IS - 120 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andres, Lesley A1 - Lauterbach, Wolfgang A1 - Jongbloed, Janine A1 - Hümme, Hartwig T1 - Gender, education, and labour market participation across the life course BT - a Canada/Germany comparison JF - International journal of lifelong education N2 - In this paper, we employ a comparative life course approach for Canada and Germany to unravel the relationships among general and vocational educational attainment and different life course activities, with a focus on labour market and income inequality by gender. Life course theory and related concepts of 'time,' 'normative patterns,' 'order and disorder,' and 'discontinuities' are used to inform the analyses. Data from the Paths on Life's Way (Paths) project in British Columbia, Canada and the German Pathways from Late Childhood to Adulthood (LifE) which span 28 and 33 years, respectively, are employed to examine life trajectories from leaving school to around age 45. Sequence analysis and cluster analyses portray both within and between country differences - and in particular gender differences - in educational attainment, employment, and other activities across the life course which has an impact on ultimate labour market participation and income levels. 'Normative' life courses that follow a traditional order correspond with higher levels of full-time work and higher incomes; in Germany more so than Canada, these clusters are male dominated. Clusters characterised by 'disordered' and 'discontinuous' life courses in both countries are female dominated and associated with lower income levels. KW - Comparative life course trajectories KW - education KW - gender KW - work KW - income KW - labour market inequality Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2021.1924302 SN - 0260-1370 SN - 1464-519X VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 170 EP - 189 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arndt, Larissa R. A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Weirich, Sebastian A1 - Oelsner, Henriette A1 - Ebersbach, Georg A1 - Bengner, Thomas T1 - Face Memory in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease Moderated by Sex and Encoding Duration JF - Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie N2 - We examined face memory deficits in patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) with specific regard to the moderating role of sex and the different memory processes involved. We tested short- and long-term face recognition memory in 18 nonclinical participants and 18 IPD-patients matched for sex, education and age. We varied the duration of item presentation (1, 5, 10s), the time of testing (immediately, 1hr, 24hrs) and the possibility to re-encode items. In accordance with earlier studies, we report face memory deficits in IPD. Moreover, our findings indicate that sex and encoding conditions may be important moderator variables. In contrast to healthy individuals, IPD-patients cannot gain from increasing duration of presentation. Furthermore, our results suggest that I PD leads to face memory deficits in women, only. KW - neuropsychology KW - declarative memory KW - Morbus Parkinson KW - gender KW - episodic memory Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1024/1016-264X/a000148 SN - 1016-264X SN - 1664-2902 VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 109 EP - 120 PB - Hogrefe CY - Bern ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bruttel, Lisa Verena A1 - Stolley, Florian T1 - Gender differences in the response to decision power and responsibility BT - Framing effects in a dictator game T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This paper studies the effects of two different frames on decisions in a dictator game. Before making their allocation decision, dictators read a short text. Depending on the treatment, the text either emphasizes their decision power and freedom of choice or it stresses their responsibility for the receiver’s payoff. Including a control treatment without such a text, three treatments are conducted with a total of 207 dictators. Our results show a different reaction to these texts depending on the dictator’s gender. We find that only men react positively to a text that stresses their responsibility for the receiver, while only women seem to react positively to a text that emphasizes their decision power and freedom of choice. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 135 KW - dictator game KW - framing KW - gender KW - experiment Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473068 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 135 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Busching, Robert A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - The contagious effect of deviant behavior in adolescence BT - a longitudinal multilevel study JF - Social psychological and personality science N2 - This article investigated how the development of deviant behavior in adolescence is influenced by the variability of deviant behavior in the peer group. Based on the social information-processing (SIP) model, we predicted that peer groups with a low variability of deviant behavior (providing normative information that is easy to process) should have a main effect on the development of adolescents’ deviant behavior over time, whereas peer groups in which deviant behavior is more variable (i.e., more difficult to process) should primarily impact the deviant behavior of initially nondeviant classroom members. These hypotheses were largely supported in a multilevel analysis using self-reports of deviant behavior in a sample of 16,891 adolescents in 1,308 classes assessed at two data waves about 1-year apart. The results demonstrate the advantages of studying cross-level interactions to clarify the impact of the peer environment on the development of deviant behavior in adolescence. KW - multilevel analyses KW - peer influences KW - deviant behavior KW - gender KW - adolescence Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617725151 SN - 1948-5506 SN - 1948-5514 VL - 9 IS - 7 SP - 815 EP - 824 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Busching, Robert A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - With a little help from their peers BT - the impact of classmates on JF - Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication N2 - Peer groups are critical socialization agents for the development of social behavior in adolescence, but studies examining peer-group effects on individuals' prosocial behavior are scarce. Using a two-wave, multilevel data set (N = 16,893, 8481 male; 8412 female; mean age at Time 1: 14.0 years) from 1308 classes in 252 secondary schools in Germany, main effects of the classroom level of prosocial behavior, cross-level interactions between the classroom and the individual levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1, and the moderating role of gender were examined. The results showed that adolescents in classrooms with high collective levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1 reported more prosocial behavior at Time 2, about two years later, reflecting a class-level main effect. A significant cross-level interaction indicated that a high classroom level of prosocial behavior particularly affected individuals with lower levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1. The influence of same-gender peers was larger compared with opposite-gender peers. The findings are discussed with respect to social learning mechanisms in the development of prosocial behavior and their implications for interventions to promote prosocial behavior. KW - prosocial behavior KW - adolescence KW - development KW - gender KW - longitudinal KW - multilevel Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01260-8 SN - 0047-2891 SN - 1573-6601 VL - 49 IS - 9 SP - 1849 EP - 1863 PB - Springer Science CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Graeber, Daniel A1 - Kritikos, Alexander A1 - Seebauer, Johannes T1 - Pandemic depression BT - COVID-19 and the mental health of the self-employed JF - Entrepreneurship theory and practice N2 - We investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-employed people’s mental health. Using representative longitudinal survey data from Germany, we reveal differential effects by gender: whereas self-employed women experienced a substantial deterioration in their mental health, self-employed men displayed no significant changes up to early 2021. Financial losses are important in explaining these differences. In addition, we find larger mental health responses among self-employed women who were directly affected by government-imposed restrictions and bore an increased childcare burden due to school and daycare closures. We also find that self-employed individuals who are more resilient coped better with the crisis. KW - self-employment KW - COVID-19 KW - mental health KW - gender KW - representative longitudinal survey data KW - PHQ-4 score KW - resilience Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221102106 SN - 1042-2587 VL - 47 IS - 3 SP - 788 EP - 830 PB - SAGE Publishing CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Graeber, Daniel A1 - Kritikos, Alexander A1 - Seebauer, Johannes T1 - Pandemic Depression: COVID-19 and the Mental Health of the Self-Employed T2 - CEPA Discussion Papers N2 - We investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-employed people’s mental health. Using representative longitudinal survey data from Germany, we reveal differential effects by gender: whereas self-employed women experienced a substantial deterioration in their mental health, self-employed men displayed no significant changes up to early 2021. Financial losses are important in explaining these differences. In addition, we find larger mental health responses among self-employed women who were directly affected by government-imposed restrictions and bore an increased childcare burden due to school and daycare closures. We also find that self-employed individuals who are more resilient coped better with the crisis. T3 - CEPA Discussion Papers - 46 KW - self-employment KW - COVID-19 KW - mental health KW - gender KW - representative longitudinal survey data KW - PHQ-4 score KW - resilience Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-548999 SN - 2628-653X IS - 46 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cortes-Garcia, Laura A1 - Hoffmann, Svenja A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Senra, Carmen T1 - Exploring the reciprocal relationships between adolescents' perceptions of parental and peer attachment and disordered eating BT - a multiwave cross-lagged panel analysis JF - International Journal of eating disorders N2 - Objective This prospective study explored bidirectional associations between attachment quality towards mother, father, and peers and disordered eating among a large population-based sample of boys and girls in the transition from preadolescence to adolescence. Specifically, we examined whether insecure attachment relationships emerged as a risk factor for or as an outcome of disordered eating. Method A population-based sample of 904 adolescent girls and boys was assessed four times, at baseline (T1; M-age = 10.8 years) and at 2-, 4-, and 6-year follow-up (T2, T3, and T4). Prospective data were analyzed using cross-lagged panel models for each attachment figure (i.e., mother, father, peers) in a multigroup design to compare genders. Results Better attachment to the mother led to less pronounced disturbed eating in girls across the entire age range and in boys across two time periods. In girls, more pronounced disordered eating at T3 predicted worse attachment to the mother at T4 and better attachment to the father at T1 predicted less disturbed eating at T2. In boys, disordered eating at T1 predicted better attachment to the father at T2. Concerning peer attachment, better attachment at T1 predicted disordered eating at T2, in boys only. No other significant cross-lagged effects emerged. Discussion These findings highlight the differential and gender-specific contribution of attachment figures to the development of disordered eating in adolescence. Programs aimed at improving communication and trust in the relationship with parents might be promising in the prevention of disordered eating and the subsequent deterioration of parent-child attachment relationships. KW - adolescents KW - attachment KW - cross-lagged panel analysis KW - disordered eating KW - gender Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23086 SN - 0276-3478 SN - 1098-108X VL - 52 IS - 8 SP - 924 EP - 934 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - THES A1 - Desnoyer, Sophie T1 - Zwischen Stereotypisierung und Subversion: Michel Houellebecqs Soumission T1 - Between stereotyping and subversion: Depictions of gender in Michel Houellebecq's Soumission N2 - Der französische Autor Michel Houellebecq und sein literarisches Werk sorgen in der medialen Öffentlichkeit regelmäßig für Skandale, die Vorwürfe reichen von bewusster Provokation bis hin zu diversen Diskriminierungen. Dabei unterstützt Houellebecq durch seine mediale Selbstinszenierung die Verwischung zwischen sich selbst als realer Person und den Erzählstimmen seiner Texte. Dies führt auch in der Literaturwissenschaft zu wiederholten Versuchen, dem Schriftsteller und seinen Romanen eine politische Position zuzuschreiben. Im Gegensatz dazu ist das Ziel dieser Abschlussarbeit, am Beispiel des 2015 bei Flammarion publizierten Romans Soumission – welchem neben Misogynie auch Islam- und Homofeindlichkeit vorgeworfen wurde –, herauszustellen, wie der Text Widerstände gegen konkrete politische Positionierungen und starre Bedeutungszuschreibungen aufweist. Über eine Analyse der Männlichkeits- und Weiblichkeitsentwürfe im Sinne dekonstruktiver Gendertheorien sowie über eine intertextuelle und postkoloniale Perspektivierung werden die Ambivalenz und das provokative Potential des Textes herausgearbeitet. Das intertextuelle Verweisspiel des Romans und die Systemreferenz zur Décadence, besonders durch Bezüge zu Einzeltexten und zur Biografie des Autors Joris-Karl Huysmans, bilden eine wichtige Grundlage sowohl für das zentrale Thema der religiösen Konversion, die textimmanente Bedeutung der Literatur, als auch für die Geschlechterkonstruktionen. Trotz der Stereotypisierung von Frauenfiguren, deren gesellschaftlicher Wert vom sexuellen Begehren eines Mannes abhängt, oder der orientalistischen Darstellung des Islams entwirft Soumission eine komplexe Inszenierung von Männlichkeitsvorstellungen. Dies zeigt sich in der verunsicherten männlichen Identität des Protagonisten François, die zwischen universalem Anspruch und individueller Einzigartigkeit changiert und gleichzeitig, wie auch jene von anderen männlichen Figuren, eine strikte, stereotype Geschlechterbinarität unterläuft. Die Verunsicherung der Identität des Protagonisten spiegelt die der französischen Gesellschaft wider, dabei verfügen nur der fiktive Islam und dessen Genderpolitik über ausreichend Stärke, dem kulturellen Verfall des Westens etwas entgegenzusetzen. Der religiösen Konversion zum Islam wird eine korrektive und erlösende Funktion zugeschrieben, die in dem Akt der Unterwerfung ihren Höhepunkt findet. In den Translationsprozessen von französischer, christlich geprägter in eine muslimisch fundierte Kultur offenbart sich nicht nur ein Angriff auf die akademische Bildungselite Frankreichs, sondern auch auf das Wissen der Literatur. Indem eine Re- und Uminterpretation literarischer Texte durch den Protagonisten und weitere Figuren für die neue fundamentalistische Gesellschaftsordnung vorgenommen wird, offenbart sich neben binären Geschlechterkonstruktionen und diversen politischen Positionierungen auch das nationale Narrativ der französischen Literatur als labile Fiktion. N2 - The French author Michel Houellebecq and his literary works regularly cause scandals in the public, with accusations ranging from deliberate provocation to various forms of discrimination. Through his self-staging in the media, Houellebecq encourages the blurring between himself as a real person and the narrative voices of his texts. This leads to repeated attempts in literary studies to ascribe a political position to the writer and his novels. Using the example of his novel Soumission, published by Flammarion in 2015 and accused of misogyny and discrimination against Muslims and homosexuals, the aim of this thesis is to elaborate how the text shows resistances to concrete political positioning and static attributions of meaning. The ambivalence and provocative potential of the text are examined through an analysis of the concepts of masculinity and femininity in the sense of deconstructive gender theories as well as through an intertextual and postcolonial perspective. The intertextuality of the novel, especially through references to the work and the biography of the author Joris-Karl Huysmans and to movement of the Décadence, forms a principal basis for the novel’s central theme of religious conversion, the text-immanent meaning of literature, and for the constructions of gender. Despite the stereotyping of female characters whose social value depends on a man's sexual desire, or the Orientalist representation of Islam, Soumission creates a complex staging of ideas of masculinity. This becomes evident in the insecure male identity of the protagonist François, which oscillates between a claim of universality and individual uniqueness, and simultaneously, like that of other male characters, undermines a strict, stereotypical gender binary. The uncertainty of the protagonist's identity mirrors that of French society, in which only the fictional Islam and its gender politics have sufficient strength to counter the cultural decay of the West. Therefore the religious conversion to Islam is ascribed a corrective and redemptive function that culminates in the act of submission. The processes of translation from a French culture influenced by Christianity to a culture based on Islam reveal not only an attack on France's academic and intellectual elite, but also on literary knowledge. As literary texts are reinterpreted by the protagonist and other characters in favour of the new fundamentalist social order, the national narrative of French literature alongside binary gender constructions and various ascribed political positions are revealed as an unstable fiction. KW - Geschlecht KW - Houellebecq KW - Soumission KW - Unterwerfung KW - Provokation KW - Verfall KW - Stereotyp KW - Dekonstruktion KW - Intertextualität KW - Huysmans KW - Männlichkeit KW - Religion KW - Konversion KW - gender KW - Houellebecq KW - submission KW - provocation KW - stereotype KW - deconstruction KW - intertextuality KW - Huysmans KW - masculinity KW - religion KW - conversion Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-594143 ER -