TY - INPR A1 - Cierjacks, Arne A1 - Kowarik, Ingo A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha A1 - Hempel, Stefan A1 - Ristow, Michael A1 - von der Lippe, Moritz A1 - Weber, Ewald T1 - Biological flora of the british isles: robinia pseudoacacia T2 - The journal of ecology N2 - This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Robinia pseudoacacia L. that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, and history and conservation.Robinia pseudoacacia, false acacia or black locust, is a deciduous, broad-leaved tree native to North America. The medium-sized, fast-growing tree is armed with spines, and extensively suckering. It has become naturalized in grassland, semi-natural woodlands and urban habitats. The tree is common in the south of the British Isles and in many other regions of Europe.Robinia pseudoacacia is a light-demanding pioneer species, which occurs primarily in disturbed sites on fertile to poor soils. The tree does not tolerate wet or compacted soils. In contrast to its native range, where it rapidly colonizes forest gaps and is replaced after 15-30years by more competitive tree species, populations in the secondary range can persist for a longer time, probably due to release from natural enemies.Robinia pseudoacacia reproduces sexually, and asexually by underground runners. Disturbance favours clonal growth and leads to an increase in the number of ramets. Mechanical stem damage and fires also lead to increased clonal recruitment. The tree benefits from di-nitrogen fixation associated with symbiotic rhizobia in root nodules. Estimated symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates range widely from 23 to 300kgha(-1)year(-1). The nitrogen becomes available to other plants mainly by the rapid decay of nitrogen-rich leaves.Robinia pseudoacacia is host to a wide range of fungi both in the native and introduced ranges. Megaherbivores are of minor significance in Europe but browsing by ungulates occurs in the native range. Among insects, the North American black locust gall midge (Obolodiplosis robiniae) is specific to Robinia and is spreading rapidly throughout Europe. In parts of Europe, Robinia pseudoacacia is considered an invasive non-indigenous plant and the tree is controlled. Negative impacts include shading and changes of soil conditions as a result of nitrogen fixation. KW - climatic limitation KW - ecophysiology KW - geographical and altitudinal distribution KW - germination KW - invasive KW - mycorrhiza KW - nitrogen fixation KW - parasites and diseases KW - reproductive biology KW - soils Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12162 SN - 0022-0477 SN - 1365-2745 VL - 101 IS - 6 SP - 1623 EP - 1640 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cochard, Roland A1 - Edwards, Peter J. A1 - Weber, Ewald T1 - Post-ranching tree-grass interactions in secondary Acacia zanzibarica woodlands in coastal Tanzania - an experimental study JF - Applied vegetation science : official organ of the International Association for Vegetation Science N2 - Questions: We studied a humid savanna rangeland., abandoned in 2000, where intensive cattle grazing had led to widespread encroachment by Acacia zanzibarica. We asked whether the acacia trees were able to regenerate in the absence of domesJic livestock, either beneath acacia canopies or in artificial clearings. Location: Tropical coastal Tanzania (former Mkwaja Ranch, now in Saadani National Park). Methods: We set out a total of 48 plots on four sites in November 2001, and assigned them to three treatments: trees felled (FN), trees felled and the stumps poisoned (FP) with Triclopyr, and no intervention (controls, NN). We analysed soils of plots for texture and nutrients. In two wet (July 2002 and 2003) and one dry (February 2003) seasons we assessed grass and tree leaf biomass and transpiration rates, and counted acacia seedlings and resprouts. The effects of treatments (controlled for site and other co-variables) on grass growth and acacia rectaiitment were determined statistically using general linear models (GLM). Results: Acacia leaves had a much higher stomatal conductance than grasses, with the consequence that total evapotranspiration in woodland was higher than in clearings. In the wet seasons, grass biomass and seedling densities were significantly higher in clearings than in control plots, which we attributed to more.favourable moisture conditions, In the dry season, by contrast, we found no differences, and all seedlings had died. On FN plots, 71% of stumps, and on FP plots, 11% resprouted (coppicing), but only a quarter of these shoots survived until July 2003. Root suckering occurred spontaneously at low densities. No root suckers or resprouts grew beyond the grass layer. Conclusions: Acacia woodlands do not regenerate in the absence of cattle grazing, and tree cutting in combination with appropriate fire management could potentially accelerate re-establishment of open grassland. However, regeneration might occur in the future due to the increasing wildlife populations within the new national park. KW - Bush encroachment KW - Clearing formation KW - Grass flush KW - Savanna rangeland dynamics KW - Sprouting KW - Tree recruitment Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12134 SN - 1402-2001 SN - 1654-109X VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 297 EP - 310 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dellinger, Agnes S. A1 - Essl, Franz A1 - Hojsgaard, Diego A1 - Kirchheimer, Bernhard A1 - Klatt, Simone A1 - Dawson, Wayne A1 - Pergl, Jan A1 - Pysek, Petr A1 - van Kleunen, Mark A1 - Weber, Ewald A1 - Winter, Marten A1 - Hoerandl, Elvira A1 - Dullinger, Stefan T1 - Niche dynamics of alien species do not differ among sexual and apomictic flowering plants JF - New phytologist : international journal of plant science N2 - We compiled global occurrence data sets of 13 congeneric sexual and apomictic species pairs, and used principal components analysis (PCA) and kernel smoothers to compare changes in climatic niche optima, breadths and unfilling/expansion between native and alien ranges. Niche change metrics were compared between sexual and apomictic species. All 26 species showed changes in niche optima and/or breadth and 14 species significantly expanded their climatic niches. However, we found no effect of the reproductive system on niche dynamics. Instead, species with narrower native niches showed higher rates of niche expansion in the alien ranges. Our results suggest that niche shifts are frequent in plant invasions but evolutionary potential may not be of major importance for such shifts. Niche dynamics rather appear to be driven by changes of the realized niche without adaptive change of the fundamental climatic niche. KW - adaptation KW - asexual reproduction KW - niche shifts KW - plant invasion KW - reproductive system KW - species distribution modelling Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13694 SN - 0028-646X SN - 1469-8137 VL - 209 SP - 1313 EP - 1323 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Essl, Franz A1 - Dawson, Wayne A1 - Kreft, Holger A1 - Pergl, Jan A1 - Pysek, Petr A1 - van Kleunen, Mark A1 - Weigelt, Patrick A1 - Mang, Thomas A1 - Dullinger, Stefan A1 - Lenzner, Bernd A1 - Moser, Dietmar A1 - Maurel, Noelie A1 - Seebens, Hanno A1 - Stein, Anke A1 - Weber, Ewald A1 - Chatelain, Cyrille A1 - Inderjit, A1 - Genovesi, Piero A1 - Kartesz, John A1 - Morozova, Olga A1 - Nishino, Misako A1 - Nowak, Pauline M. A1 - Pagad, Shyama A1 - Shu, Wen-sheng A1 - Winter, Marten T1 - Drivers of the relative richness of naturalized and invasive plant species on Earth JF - AoB PLANTS N2 - Biological invasions are a defining feature of the Anthropocene, but the factors that determine the spatially uneven distribution of alien plant species are still poorly understood. Here, we present the first global analysis of the effects of biogeographic factors, the physical environment and socio-economy on the richness of naturalized and invasive alien plants. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models and variation partitioning to disentangle the relative importance of individual factors, and, more broadly, of biogeography, physical environment and socio-economy. As measures of the magnitude of permanent anthropogenic additions to the regional species pool and of species with negative environmental impacts, we calculated the relative richness of naturalized (= RRN) and invasive (= RRI) alien plant species numbers adjusted for the number of native species in 838 terrestrial regions. Socio-economic factors (per-capita gross domestic product (GDP), population density, proportion of agricultural land) were more important in explaining RRI (similar to 50 % of the explained variation) than RRN (similar to 40 %). Warm-temperate and (sub)tropical regions have higher RRN than tropical or cooler regions. We found that socio-economic pressures are more relevant for invasive than for naturalized species richness. The expectation that the southern hemisphere is more invaded than the northern hemisphere was confirmed only for RRN on islands, but not for mainland regions nor for RRI. On average, islands have similar to 6-fold RRN, and >3-fold RRI compared to mainland regions. Eighty-two islands (=26 % of all islands) harbour more naturalized alien than native plants. Our findings challenge the widely held expectation that socio-economic pressures are more relevant for plant naturalization than for invasive plants. To meet international biodiversity targets and halt the detrimental consequences of plant invasions, it is essential to disrupt the connection between socio-economic development and plant invasions by improving pathway management, early detection and rapid response. KW - Alien species richness KW - biogeography KW - invasion stages KW - islands KW - pressures KW - vascular plants Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plz051 SN - 2041-2851 VL - 11 IS - 5 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Weber, Ewald T1 - Consequences of habitat fragmentation for plant species do we know enough? JF - Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics N2 - Habitat fragmentation is one of the most important causes for the decline of plant species. However, plants differing in phylogeny, habitat requirements and biology are likely to respond differently to habitat fragmentation. We ask whether case studies on the effects of habitat fragmentation conducted so far allow generalizations about its effects on the fitness and genetic diversity of populations of endangered plant species. We compared the characteristics of plant species endangered in Germany whose sensitivity to habitat fragmentation had been studied with those of the endangered species that had not been studied. We found strong discrepancies between the two groups with regard to their taxonomy and traits relevant to their sensitivity to habitat fragmentation. Monocots, graminoids, clonal, abiotically pollinated and self compatible species were underrepresented among the studied species, and most study species were from a few habitat types, in particular grasslands. We conclude that our current knowledge of the effects of habitat fragmentation on plant populations is not sufficient to provide widely applicable guidelines for species management. The selection of species studied so far has been biased toward species from certain habitats and species exhibiting traits that probably make them vulnerable to habitat fragmentation. Future studies should include community-wide approaches in different habitats, e.g. re-visitation studies in which the species pool is assessed at different time intervals, and population-biological studies of species from a wide range of habitats, and of different life forms and growth strategies. A more representative picture of the effects of habitat fragmentation would allow a better assessment of threats and more specific recommendations for optimally managing populations of endangered plants. KW - CSR-strategies KW - Naturally rare species KW - Plant conservation KW - Recently rare species KW - Species traits KW - Taxonomic position Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2013.05.003 SN - 1433-8319 VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 205 EP - 216 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinze, Johannes A1 - Gensch, Sabine A1 - Weber, Ewald A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha T1 - Soil temperature modifies effects of soil biota on plant growth JF - Journal of plant ecology N2 - Aims Plants directly and indirectly interact with many abiotic and biotic soil components. Research so far mostly focused on direct, individual abiotic or biotic effects on plant growth, but only few studies tested the indirect effects of abiotic soil factors on plant growth. Therefore, we investigated how abiotic soil conditions affect plant performance, via changes induced by soil biota. Methods In a full-factorial experiment, we grew the widespread grass Dactylis glomerata either with or without soil biota and investigated the impact of soil temperature, fertility and moisture on the soil biota effects on plant growth. We measured biomass production, root traits and colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as well as microbial respiration. Important Findings We found significant interaction effects between abiotic soil conditions and soil biota on plant growth for fertility, but especially for soil temperature, as an increase of 10 degrees C significantly changed the soil biota effects on plant growth from positive to neutral. However, if tested individually, an increase in soil temperature and fertility per se positively affected plant biomass production, whereas soil biota per se did not affect overall plant growth, but both influenced root architecture. By affecting soil microbial activity and root architecture, soil temperature might influence both mutualistic and pathogenic interactions between plants and soil biota. Such soil temperature effects should be considered in soil feedback studies to ensure greater transferability of results from artificial and experimental conditions to natural environmental conditions. KW - plant-soil interaction KW - soil biota KW - abiotic soil factors KW - root traits KW - plant growth Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtw097 SN - 1752-9921 SN - 1752-993X VL - 10 SP - 808 EP - 821 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinze, Johannes A1 - Werner, Tony A1 - Weber, Ewald A1 - Rillig, Matthias C. A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha T1 - Soil biota effects on local abundances of three grass species along a land-use gradient JF - Oecologia N2 - Biotic plant-soil interactions and land-use intensity are known to affect plant individual fitness as well as competitiveness and therefore plant-species abundances in communities. Therefore, a link between soil biota and land-use intensity on local abundance of plant species in grasslands can be expected. In two greenhouse experiments, we investigated the effects of soil biota from grassland sites differing in land-use intensity on three grass species that vary in local abundances along this land-use gradient. We were interested in those soil-biota effects that are associated with land-use intensity, and whether these effects act directly or indirectly. Therefore, we grew the three plant species in two separate experiments as single individuals and in mixtures and compared their performance. As single plants, all three grasses showed a similar performance with and without soil biota. In contrast, in mixtures growth of the species in response to the presence or absence of soil biota differed. This resulted in different soil-biota effects that tend to correspond with patterns of species-specific abundances in the field for two of the three species tested. Our results highlight the importance of indirect interactions between plants and soil microorganisms and suggest that combined effects of soil biota and plant-plant interactions are involved in structuring plant communities. In conclusion, our experiments suggest that soil biota may have the potential to alter effects of plant-plant interactions and therefore influence plant-species abundances and diversity in grasslands. KW - Biodiversity KW - Grassland KW - Land-use intensity KW - Community composition KW - Plant-soil feedback Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3336-0 SN - 0029-8549 SN - 1432-1939 VL - 179 IS - 1 SP - 249 EP - 259 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khuroo, Anzar A. A1 - Reshi, Zafar A. A1 - Malik, Akhtar H. A1 - Weber, Ewald A1 - Rashid, Irfan A1 - Dar, G. H. T1 - Alien flora of India taxonomic composition, invasion status and biogeographic affiliations JF - Biological invasions : unique international journal uniting scientists in the broad field of biological invasions N2 - The wide knowledge gaps in invasion biology research that exist in the developing world are crucial impediments to the scientific management and global policymaking on biological invasions. In an effort to fill such knowledge gaps, we present here an inventory of the alien flora of India, based on systematic reviews and rigorous analyses of research studies (ca. 190) published over the last 120 years (1890-2010 AD), and updated with field records of the last two decades. Currently, the inventory comprises of 1,599 species, belonging to 842 genera in 161 families, and constitutes 8.5% of the total Indian vascular flora. The three most species-rich families are Asteraceae (134 spp.), Papilionaceae (114 spp.) and Poaceae (106 spp.), and the three largest genera are Eucalyptus (25 spp.), Ipomoea (22 spp.), and Senna (21 spp.). The majority of these species (812) have no report of escaping from cultivation. Of the remaining subset of 787 species, which have either escaped from intentional cultivation, or spread after unintentional introduction, casuals are represented by 57 spp., casual/naturalised by 114 spp., naturalised by 257 spp., naturalised/invasive by 134 spp., and invasive by 225 spp. Biogeographically, more than one-third (35%) of the alien flora in India has its native ranges in South America, followed by Asia (21%), Africa (20%), Europe (11%), Australia (8%), North America (4%); and cryptogenic (1%). The inventory is expected to serve as the scientific baseline on plant invasions in India, with implications for conservation of global biodiversity. KW - Biodiversity KW - Biological invasions KW - Alien plants KW - Taxonomy KW - Biogeography KW - India Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-9981-2 SN - 1387-3547 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 99 EP - 113 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khuroo, Anzar A. A1 - Weber, Ewald A1 - Malik, A. H. A1 - Reshi, Zafar A. A1 - Dar, G. H. T1 - Altitudinal distribution patterns of the native and alien woody flora in Kashmir Himalaya, India JF - Environmental research N2 - Background: Many studies have shown that alien species richness pattern follows that of native species richness patterns along environmental gradients, without taking the specific composition of the two groups into account. Objectives: To compare species richness patterns of native and alien woody plants along an altitudinal gradient in Kashmir Himalaya, India, and to analyse the specific composition, e.g. proportion of life forms. Methods: Analysis of secondary data from published floristic inventories. The gradient (500-4800 m asl) was split into 100 m bands and presence/absence data for each species were obtained, for each band. Results: Species richness of both native and alien species followed a hump-shaped distribution. Alien species richness dropped faster above 2000 m asl than the native did. The ratio of trees to shrubs decreased monotonically along the gradient in native species, but showed a peak at c. 2500 m asl in alien species. Alien species flowered in average earlier than native species. Conclusions: The change of species richness of native and alien species along altitude is similar, but the proportion of life forms is not. Most likely both climatic and socio-economic factors affect alien species richness and its specific composition in the Kashmir Himalaya. KW - Alien species KW - Elevation KW - Floristics KW - Plant invasions KW - Species richness Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2011.05.006 SN - 0013-9351 VL - 111 IS - 7 SP - 967 EP - 977 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pyšek, Petr A1 - Pergl, Jan A1 - Essl, Franz A1 - Lenzner, Bernd A1 - Dawson, Wayne A1 - Kreft, Holger A1 - Weigelt, Patrick A1 - Winter, Marten A1 - Kartesz, John A1 - Nishino, Misako A1 - Antonova, Liubov A. A1 - Barcelona, Julie F. A1 - Cabezas, Francisco José A1 - Cárdenas López, Dairon A1 - Cárdenas-Toro, Juliana A1 - Castańo, Nicolás A1 - Chacón, Eduardo A1 - Chatelain, Cyrille A1 - Dullinger, Stefan A1 - Ebel, Aleksandr L. A1 - Figueiredo, Estrela A1 - Fuentes, Nicol A1 - Genovesi, Piero A1 - Groom, Quentin J. A1 - Henderson, Lesley A1 - Inderjit, A1 - Kupriyanov, Andrey A1 - Masciadri, Silvana A1 - Maurel, Noëlie A1 - Meerman, Jan A1 - Morozova, Olʹga V. A1 - Moser, Dietmar A1 - Nickrent, Daniel A1 - Nowak, Pauline M. A1 - Pagad, Shyama A1 - Patzelt, Annette A1 - Pelser, Pieter B. A1 - Seebens, Hanno A1 - Shu, Wen-sheng A1 - Thomas, Jacob A1 - Velayos, Mauricio A1 - Weber, Ewald A1 - Wieringa, Jan J. A1 - Baptiste, Maria P. A1 - Kleunen, Mark van T1 - Naturalized alien flora of the world T1 - Naturalizovaná nepůvodní flóra světa BT - species diversity, taxonomic and phylogenetic patterns, geographic distribution and global hotspots of plant invasion BT - druhová diverzita, taxonomické a fylogenetické složení, geografické zákonitosti a globální ohniska rostlinných invazí JF - Preslia : the journal of the Czech Botanical Society N2 - Using the recently built Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database, containing data on the distribution of naturalized alien plants in 483 mainland and 361 island regions of the world, we describe patterns in diversity and geographic distribution of naturalized and invasive plant species, taxonomic, phylogenetic and life-history structure of the global naturalized flora as well as levels of naturalization and their determinants. The mainland regions with the highest numbers of naturalized aliens are some Australian states (with New South Wales being the richest on this continent) and several North American regions (of which California with 1753 naturalized plant species represents the world’s richest region in terms of naturalized alien vascular plants). England, Japan, New Zealand and the Hawaiian archipelago harbour most naturalized plants among islands or island groups. These regions also form the main hotspots of the regional levels of naturalization, measured as the percentage of naturalized aliens in the total flora of the region. Such hotspots of relative naturalized species richness appear on both the western and eastern coasts of North America, in north-western Europe, South Africa, south-eastern Australia, New Zealand, and India. High levels of island invasions by naturalized plants are concentrated in the Pacific, but also occur on individual islands across all oceans. The numbers of naturalized species are closely correlated with those of native species, with a stronger correlation and steeper increase for islands than mainland regions, indicating a greater vulnerability of islands to invasion by species that become successfully naturalized. South Africa, India, California, Cuba, Florida, Queensland and Japan have the highest numbers of invasive species. Regions in temperate and tropical zonobiomes harbour in total 9036 and 6774 naturalized species, respectively, followed by 3280 species naturalized in the Mediterranean zonobiome, 3057 in the subtropical zonobiome and 321 in the Arctic. The New World is richer in naturalized alien plants, with 9905 species compared to 7923 recorded in the Old World. While isolation is the key factor driving the level of naturalization on islands, zonobiomes differing in climatic regimes, and socioeconomy represented by per capita GDP, are central for mainland regions. The 11 most widely distributed species each occur in regions covering about one third of the globe or more in terms of the number of regions where they are naturalized and at least 35% of the Earth’s land surface in terms of those regions’ areas, with the most widely distributed species Sonchus oleraceus occuring in 48% of the regions that cover 42% of the world area. Other widely distributed species are Ricinus communis, Oxalis corniculata, Portulaca oleracea, Eleusine indica, Chenopodium album, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Stellaria media, Bidens pilosa, Datura stramonium and Echinochloa crus-galli. Using the occurrence as invasive rather than only naturalized yields a different ranking, with Lantana camara (120 regions out of 349 for which data on invasive status are known), Calotropis procera (118), Eichhornia crassipes (113), Sonchus oleraceus (108) and Leucaena leucocephala (103) on top. As to the life-history spectra, islands harbour more naturalized woody species (34.4%) thanmainland regions (29.5%), and fewer annual herbs (18.7% compared to 22.3%). Ranking families by their absolute numbers of naturalized species reveals that Compositae (1343 species), Poaceae (1267) and Leguminosae (1189) contribute most to the global naturalized alien flora. Some families are disproportionally represented by naturalized aliens on islands (Arecaceae, Araceae, Acanthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Convolvulaceae, Rubiaceae, Malvaceae), and much fewer so on mainland (e.g. Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Boraginaceae). Relating the numbers of naturalized species in a family to its total global richness shows that some of the large species-rich families are over-represented among naturalized aliens (e.g. Poaceae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Amaranthaceae, Pinaceae), some under-represented (e.g. Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae), whereas the one richest in naturalized species, Compositae, reaches a value expected from its global species richness. Significant phylogenetic signal indicates that families with an increased potential of their species to naturalize are not distributed randomly on the evolutionary tree. Solanum (112 species), Euphorbia (108) and Carex (106) are the genera richest in terms of naturalized species; over-represented on islands are Cotoneaster, Juncus, Eucalyptus, Salix, Hypericum, Geranium and Persicaria, while those relatively richer in naturalized species on the mainland are Atriplex, Opuntia, Oenothera, Artemisia, Vicia, Galium and Rosa. The data presented in this paper also point to where information is lacking and set priorities for future data collection. The GloNAF database has potential for designing concerted action to fill such data gaps, and provide a basis for allocating resources most efficiently towards better understanding and management of plant invasions worldwide. KW - alien species KW - distribution KW - Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database KW - invasive species KW - islands KW - life history KW - mainland KW - naturalized species KW - phylogeny KW - plant invasion KW - regional floras KW - species richness KW - taxonomy KW - zonobiome Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2017.203 SN - 0032-7786 VL - 89 IS - 3 SP - 203 EP - 274 PB - Czech Botanical Soc. CY - Praha ER -