TY  - GEN
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Homann, Thomas
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Chmielewski, Frank M.
A1  - Götz, Klaus-Peter
A1  - Gödeke, Kristin
A1  - Huschek, Gerd
A1  - Morlock, Gertrud E.
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
T1  - Selected Plant Metabolites Involved in Oxidation-Reduction Processes during Bud Dormancy and Ontogenetic Development in Sweet Cherry Buds (Prunus avium L.)
T2  - Molecules
N2  - Many biochemical processes are involved in regulating the consecutive transition of different phases of dormancy in sweet cherry buds. An evaluation based on a metabolic approach has, as yet, only been partly addressed. The aim of this work, therefore, was to determine which plant metabolites could serve as biomarkers for the different transitions in sweet cherry buds. The focus here was on those metabolites involved in oxidation-reduction processes during bud dormancy, as determined by targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry-based methods. The metabolites addressed included phenolic compounds, ascorbate/dehydroascorbate, reducing sugars, carotenoids and chlorophylls. The results demonstrate that the content of phenolic compounds decrease until the end of endodormancy. After a long period of constancy until the end of ecodormancy, a final phase of further decrease followed up to the phenophase open cluster. The main phenolic compounds were caffeoylquinic acids, coumaroylquinic acids and catechins, as well as quercetin and kaempferol derivatives. The data also support the protective role of ascorbate and glutathione in the para- and endodormancy phases. Consistent trends in the content of reducing sugars can be elucidated for the different phenophases of dormancy, too. The untargeted approach with principle component analysis (PCA) clearly differentiates the different timings of dormancy giving further valuable information.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 467 
KW  - dormancy
KW  - redox-metabolites
KW  - phenolics
KW  - ascorbate
KW  - anti-oxidative capacity
KW  - Prunus avium L.
KW  - flower buds
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417442
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Homann, Thomas
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Chmielewski, Frank M.
A1  - Götz, Klaus-Peter
A1  - Gödeke, Kristin
A1  - Huschek, Gerd
A1  - Morlock, Gertrud E.
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
T1  - Selected Plant Metabolites Involved in Oxidation-Reduction Processes during Bud Dormancy and Ontogenetic Development in Sweet Cherry Buds (Prunus avium L.)
JF  - Molecules
N2  - Many biochemical processes are involved in regulating the consecutive transition of different phases of dormancy in sweet cherry buds. An evaluation based on a metabolic approach has, as yet, only been partly addressed. The aim of this work, therefore, was to determine which plant metabolites could serve as biomarkers for the different transitions in sweet cherry buds. The focus here was on those metabolites involved in oxidation-reduction processes during bud dormancy, as determined by targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry-based methods. The metabolites addressed included phenolic compounds, ascorbate/dehydroascorbate, reducing sugars, carotenoids and chlorophylls. The results demonstrate that the content of phenolic compounds decrease until the end of endodormancy. After a long period of constancy until the end of ecodormancy, a final phase of further decrease followed up to the phenophase open cluster. The main phenolic compounds were caffeoylquinic acids, coumaroylquinic acids and catechins, as well as quercetin and kaempferol derivatives. The data also support the protective role of ascorbate and glutathione in the para- and endodormancy phases. Consistent trends in the content of reducing sugars can be elucidated for the different phenophases of dormancy, too. The untargeted approach with principle component analysis (PCA) clearly differentiates the different timings of dormancy giving further valuable information.
KW  - dormancy
KW  - redox-metabolites
KW  - phenolics
KW  - ascorbate
KW  - anti-oxidative capacity
KW  - Prunus avium L.
KW  - flower buds
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23051197
SN  - 1420-3049
VL  - 23
IS  - 5
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
PB  - Molecular Diversity Preservation International
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bönick, Josephine
A1  - Huschek, Gerd
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
T1  - Determination of wheat, rye and spelt authenticity in bread by targeted peptide biomarkers
JF  - Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
N2  - Adulteration of food and mislabeled products in global market is a major financial and reputational risk for food manufacturers and trade companies. Consequently, there is a necessity to develop analytical methods to meet these issues. An analytical strategy to check the authenticity of wheat, spelt and rye addition in bread products was developed based on database research, in silico digestion confirming peptide specificity and finally quantification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Peptide markers for wheat (SQQQISQQPQQLPQQQQIPQQPQQF; QQHQIPQQPQQFPQQQQF and QPHQPQQPYPQQ), spelt (ASIVVGIGGQ; SQQPGQIIPQQPQQPSPL) and rye (LPQSHKQHVGQGAL; AQVQGIIQPQQL and QQFPQQPQQSFPQQPQQPVPQQPL) were identified, verified by protein Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and database research and used for quantification in bread. The specific use of multi-reaction monitoring transitions of selected peptides permitted the identification of closely related species wheat and spelt. Other cereal species (emmer, einkorn, barley, maize, rye and oat) were also checked. The target peptides were quantified at different levels using own reference baked products (bread) after in-solution chymotryptic digestion. Sensitivity of the identification was 0.5-1% using flour-based (0-25%) matrix calibration and the analytical recovery in bread was 80-125%. The analytical strategy described here supplies an emerging, independent and flexible tool in controlling the labeling of bread.
KW  - Food analysis
KW  - Food composition
KW  - Food safety
KW  - Plant authentication
KW  - Wheat
KW  - Spelt
KW  - Rye
KW  - LC-MS-MS
KW  - Quantification of peptides
KW  - Food labeling
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2017.01.019
SN  - 0889-1575
SN  - 1096-0481
VL  - 58
SP  - 82
EP  - 91
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chmielewski, Frank M.
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Götz, Klaus Peter
A1  - Homann, Thomas
A1  - Gödeke, Kristin
A1  - Schumacher, Fabian
A1  - Huschek, Gerd
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
T1  - Abscisic acid related metabolites in sweet cherry buds (Prunus avium L.)
JF  - Journal of Horticulture
N2  - As our climate changes, plant mechanisms involved for dormancy release become increasingly important for commercial orchards. It is generally believed that abscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormone that responds to various environmental stresses which affects bud dormancy. For this reason, a multi-year study was initiated to obtain data on plant metabolites during winter rest and ontogenetic development in sweet cherry buds (Prunus avium L.). In this paper, we report on metabolites involved in ABA synthesis and catabolism and its effect on bud dormancy in the years 2014/15-2016/17. In previous work, the timings of the different phases of para-, endo-, ecodormancy and ontogenetic development for cherry flower buds of the cultivar ‘Summit’ were determined, based on classical climate chamber experiments and changes in the bud’s water content. Based on these time phases, we focused now on the different aspects of the ABA-metabolism. The results show that there is a continual synthesis of ABA about 5 weeks before leaf fall, and a degradation of ABA during ecodormancy and bud development until the phenological stage ‘open cluster’. This is confirmed by relating the ABA content to that of the total precursor carotenoids, neoxanthin and violaxanthin. The tentative monitoring of individual intermediate metabolites revealed that dihydroxyphaseic acid is the most abundant catabolite of ABA and ABA glucosyl ester is in terms of mass intensity, the most abundant ABA metabolite observed in this study. The results suggest that the direct route for ABA biosynthesis from farnesyl pyrophosphate may also be relevant in cherry flower buds.
KW  - Dormancy
KW  - Abscisic acid
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Catabolism
KW  - Prunus avium L.
KW  - Flower buds
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000221
SN  - 2376-0354
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Goetz, Klaus-Peter
A1  - Chmielewski, Frank M.
A1  - Goedeke, Kristin
A1  - Wolf, Kristine
A1  - Jander, Elisabeth
A1  - Sievers, Steven
A1  - Homann, Thomas
A1  - Huschek, Gerd
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
T1  - Assessment of amino acids during winter rest and ontogenetic development in sweet cherry buds (Prunus avium. L.)
JF  - Scientia horticulturae : an international journal sponsored by the International Society for Horticultural Science
N2  - This study examined changes in sweet cherry buds of ‘Summit’ cultivar in four seasons (2011/12–2014/15) with respect to the nitrogen (N) content and the profile of eight free amino acids (asparagine (Asn), aspartic acid (Asp), isoleucine (Ile), glutamine (Gln), glutamic acid (Glu), arginine (Arg), alanine (Ala), histidine (His)). The presented results are to our knowledge the first under natural conditions in fruit tree orchards with a high temporal resolution from the dormant stage until cluster development. The N content in the buds from October, during endo- and ecodormancy until the beginning of ontogenetic development was a relatively stable parameter in each of the four seasons. The N accumulation into the buds began after ‘swollen bud’ and significant differences were visible at ‘green tip’ with an N content of 3.24, 3.12, 3.08, 2.40 which increased markedly to the mean of ‘tight’ and ‘open cluster’ by 3.77%, 3.78%, 3.44% and 3.10% in 2012–2015, respectively. In the buds, levels of asparagine were higher (up to 44 mg g−1 DW−1) than aspartic acid (up to 2 mg g−1 DW−1) and aspartic acid higher than isoleucine (up to 0.83 mg g−1 DW−1). Levels of glutamine were higher (up to 25 mg g−1 DW−1) than glutamic acid (up to 20 mg g−1 DW−1). The course of the arginine content was higher in 2011/12 compared to 2012/13, 2013/14 and 2014/15 which showed only slight differences. The alanine content in the buds was denoted in the four seasons only by relatively minor changes. The histidine content was higher in 2011/12 and 2012/13 compared to 2013/14 and 2014/15 which showed a comparable pattern. For 6 amino acids (Asn, Asp, Ile, Glu, Arg, Ala), the highest content was observed in 2012/13, the warmest period between swollen bud and open cluster. However in 2014/15, the season with the lowest mean temperature of 8.8 °C, only the content of Gln was the lowest. It was not possible to explain any seasonal differences in the amino acid content by environmental factors (air temperature) on the basis of few seasons. From none of the measured free amino acids could a clear determination of the date of endodormancy release (t1) or the beginning of the ontogenetic development (t1*) be derived. Therefore, these amino acids are no suitable markers to improve phenological models for the beginning of cherry blossom.
KW  - Amino acids
KW  - Flower buds
KW  - Prunus avium L.
KW  - Dormancy
KW  - Ontogenetic development
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.05.001
SN  - 0304-4238
SN  - 1879-1018
VL  - 222
SP  - 102
EP  - 110
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Goetz, Klaus-Peter
A1  - Chmielewski, Frank M.
A1  - Homann, Thomas
A1  - Huschek, Gerd
A1  - Matzneller, Philipp
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
T1  - Seasonal changes of physiological parameters in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) buds
JF  - Scientia horticulturae : an international journal sponsored by the International Society for Horticultural Science
N2  - The transition from dormant stage to the beginning of growth was first obvious by markedly changes of the water content. The phase from green tip to tight cluster, with a length of only 4 days, was the period of the most physiological activity in single buds, because of the highest daily accumulation rates of fresh/dry weight, C, N. We assume a concentration dependant regulation of the member of the aspartate family (asparagine, aspartic acid, isoleucine) during dormancy, growth and development in sweet cherry buds. The ABA content showed 2011/12 a clear bimodal pattern which was at lower level similar in 2012/13, but not so strong incisive. In both years, the first peak was probably related to the end of endodormancy. However the ABA-isomer content showed in both seasons a unimodal pattern. The maximum of the ratio of ABA-isomer/ABA indicated the beginning of ontogenetic development which starts 3 and 2 weeks later, respectively. Our results suggest that ABA and the ABA-isomer in the sweet cherry buds regulate differentiated metabolic processes in the dormant stage and during bud growth and development. After replication in the season 2013/14 the estimated dates of release of endodormancy, beginning of ecodormancy and start of ontogenetic development will be used to validate and improve phenological models for the beginning of cherry blossom. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Abscisic acid
KW  - Amino acids
KW  - Dormancy
KW  - Flower buds
KW  - Phenological modelling
KW  - Prunus avium L.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.04.012
SN  - 0304-4238
SN  - 1879-1018
VL  - 172
SP  - 183
EP  - 190
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Huschek, Gerd
A1  - Boenick, Josephine
A1  - Loewenstein, Yvonne
A1  - Sievers, Steven
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
T1  - Quantification of allergenic plant traces in baked products by targeted
proteomics using isotope marked peptides
JF  - LWT - food science and technology : an official journal of the Swiss Society of Food Science and Technology (SGLWT/SOSSTA) and the International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST)
N2  - The right choice of analytical methods for plant allergen quantification is a deciding factor for the correct assessment and labeling of allergens in processed food in view of consumer protection. The aim of the present study was to develop a validated target peptide multi-method by LC/MS/MS providing high specificity and sensitivity for plant allergen protein detection, plant identification in vegan or vegetarian products using peptide markers for quantification. The methodical concept considers the selection of target peptides of thermostable allergenic plant proteins (Gly m6 soy, Ses i6 sesame and (beta-conglutin from white lupine) by data base research, BLAST and in silico digestion using Skyline software. Different allergenic concentration levels of these proteins were integrated into our own reference bakery products and quantified with. synthesized isotopically labeled peptides after in-solution digestion using LC/MS/MS. Recovery rates within the range of 70-113% and LOQ of 10 ppm-50 ppm (mg allergenic food/kg) could be determined. The results are independent of thermal processing applied during baking and of epitope binding site for the tested allergens. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Allergenic food
KW  - Plant allergen (soy, sesame, lupine)
KW  - LC/MS/MS;
 Quantification of allergenic plant traces
KW  - Food labeling
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.07.057
SN  - 0023-6438
SN  - 1096-1127
VL  - 74
SP  - 286
EP  - 293
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Huschek, Gerd
A1  - Bönick, Josephine
A1  - Merkel, Dietrich
A1  - Huschek, Doreen
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
T1  - Authentication of leguminous-based products by targeted biomarkers using high resolution time of flight mass spectrometry
JF  - LWT - food science and technology : an official journal of the Swiss Society of Food Science and Technology (SGLWT/SOSSTA) and the International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST)
N2  - A growing number of health-conscious individuals supplements their diet with protein-rich plant-based products to reduce their meat consumption. Analytical methods are needed to authenticate these new vegetarian products not only for the correct labelling of ingredients according to European legislation but also to discourage food fraud. This paper presents new biomarkers for a targeted proteomics LC-MS/MS work-flow that can simultaneously prove the presence/absence of garden pea, a protein-rich legume, meat and honey and quantify their content in processed vegan food. We show a novel rapid strategy to identify biomarkers for species authentication and the steps for the multi-parameter LC-MS/MS method validation and quantification. A high resolution triple time of flight mass spectrometer (HRMS) with SWATH Acquisition was used for the rapid discovery of all measurable trypsin-digested proteins in the individual ingredients. From these proteins, species-selective biomarkers were identified with BLAST and Skyline. Vicilin and convicilin (UniProt: D3VND9, Q9M3X6) allow pea authentication with regard to other legume species. Myostatin (UniProt: 018831) is a single biomarker for all meat types. For honey, we identified three selective proteins (UniProt: C6K481, C6K482, Q3L6329). The final LC-MS/MS method can identity and quantify these markers simultaneously. Quantification occurs via external matrix calibration.
KW  - Vegan
KW  - Food authentication
KW  - Legume
KW  - Honey
KW  - Meat peptide biomarker
KW  - MS quantification of leguminous additives
KW  - Food labelling
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.12.034
SN  - 0023-6438
SN  - 1096-1127
VL  - 90
SP  - 164
EP  - 171
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
A1  - Huschek, Gerd
A1  - Sagu Tchewonpi, Sorel
A1  - Homann, Thomas
T1  - Cocoa Bean Proteins-Characterization, Changes and Modifications due to Ripening and Post-Harvest Processing
JF  - Nutrients
N2  - The protein fractions of cocoa have been implicated influencing both the bioactive potential and sensory properties of cocoa and cocoa products. The objective of the present review is to show the impact of different stages of cultivation and processing with regard to the changes induced in the protein fractions. Special focus has been laid on the major seed storage proteins throughout the different stages of processing. The study starts with classical introduction of the extraction and the characterization methods used, while addressing classification approaches of cocoa proteins evolved during the timeline. The changes in protein composition during ripening and maturation of cocoa seeds, together with the possible modifications during the post-harvest processing (fermentation, drying, and roasting), have been documented. Finally, the bioactive potential arising directly or indirectly from cocoa proteins has been elucidated. The state of the art suggests that exploration of other potentially bioactive components in cocoa needs to be undertaken, while considering the complexity of reaction products occurring during the roasting phase of the post-harvest processing. Finally, the utilization of partially processed cocoa beans (e.g., fermented, conciliatory thermal treatment) can be recommended, providing a large reservoir of bioactive potentials arising from the protein components that could be instrumented in functionalizing foods.
KW  - cocoa processing
KW  - cocoa proteins
KW  - classification
KW  - extraction and characterization methods
KW  - fermentation-related enzymes
KW  - bioactive peptides
KW  - heath potentials
KW  - protein-phenol interactions
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020428
SN  - 2072-6643
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
A1  - Huschek, Gerd
A1  - Sagu Tchewonpi, Sorel
A1  - Homann, Thomas
T1  - Cocoa Bean Proteins
BT  - Characterization, Changes and Modifications due to Ripening and Post-Harvest Processing
JF  - Nutrients
N2  - The protein fractions of cocoa have been implicated influencing both the bioactive potential and sensory properties of cocoa and cocoa products. The objective of the present review is to show the impact of different stages of cultivation and processing with regard to the changes induced in the protein fractions. Special focus has been laid on the major seed storage proteins throughout the different stages of processing. The study starts with classical introduction of the extraction and the characterization methods used, while addressing classification approaches of cocoa proteins evolved during the timeline. The changes in protein composition during ripening and maturation of cocoa seeds, together with the possible modifications during the post-harvest processing (fermentation, drying, and roasting), have been documented. Finally, the bioactive potential arising directly or indirectly from cocoa proteins has been elucidated. The “state of the art” suggests that exploration of other potentially bioactive components in cocoa needs to be undertaken, while considering the complexity of reaction products occurring during the roasting phase of the post-harvest processing. Finally, the utilization of partially processed cocoa beans (e.g., fermented, conciliatory thermal treatment) can be recommended, providing a large reservoir of bioactive potentials arising from the protein components that could be instrumented in functionalizing foods.
KW  - cocoa processing
KW  - cocoa proteins
KW  - classification
KW  - extraction and characterization methods
KW  - fermentation-related enzymes
KW  - bioactive peptides
KW  - heath potentials
KW  - protein–phenol interactions
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020428
SN  - 2072-6643
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
PB  - Molecular Diversity Preservation International
CY  - Basel
ER  -