TY - THES A1 - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto T1 - Non-HIV comorbidities and exercise in German people living with HIV T1 - Nicht-HIV-Komorbiditäten und Bewegung bei deutschen Menschen, die mit HIV leben N2 - The post-antiretroviral therapy era has transformed HIV into a chronic disease and non-HIV comorbidities (i.e., cardiovascular and mental diseases) are more prevalent in PLWH. The source of these non-HIV comorbidities aside from traditional risk factor include HIV infection, inflammation, distorted immune activation, burden of chronic diseases, and unhealthy lifestyle like sedentarism. Exercise is known for its beneficial effects in mental and physical health; reasons why exercise is recommended to prevent and treat difference cardiovascular and mental diseases in the general population. This cumulative thesis aimed to comprehend the relation exercise has to non-HIV comorbidities in German PLWH. Four studies were conducted to 1) understand exercise effects in cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength on PLWH through a systematic review and meta-analyses and 2) determine the likelihood of German PLWH developing non-HIV comorbidities, in a cross-sectional study. Meta-analytic examination indicates PLWH cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max SMD = 0.61 ml·kg·min-1, 95% CI: 0.35-0.88, z = 4.47, p < 0.001, I2 = 50%) and strength (of remark lowerbody strength by 16.8 kg, 95% CI: 13–20.6, p< 0.001) improves after an exercise intervention in comparison to a control group. Cross-sectional data suggest exercise has a positive effect on German PLWH mental health (less anxiety and depressive symptoms) and protects against the development of anxiety (PR: 0.57, 95%IC: 0.36 – 0.91, p = 0.01) and depression (PR: 0.62, 95%IC: 0.41 – 0.94, p = 0.01). Likewise, exercise duration is related to a lower likelihood of reporting heart arrhythmias (PR: 0.20, 95%IC: 0.10 – 0.60, p < 0.01) and exercise frequency to a lower likelihood of reporting diabetes mellitus (PR: 0.40, 95%IC: 0.10 – 1, p < 0.01) in German PLWH. A preliminary recommendation for German PLWH who want to engage in exercise can be to exercise ≥ 1 time per week, at an intensity of 5 METs per session or > 103 MET·min·day-1, with a duration ≥ 150 minutes per week. Nevertheless, further research is needed to comprehend exercise dose response and protective effect for cardiovascular diseases, anxiety, and depression in German PLWH. N2 - In der Zeit seit der antiretroviralen Therapie hat sich HIV zu einer chronischen Erkrankung entwickelt und Nicht-HIV-Komorbiditäten, z.B. Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und psychische Erkrankungen, treten bei Menschen, die mit HIV leben, häufiger auf. Die Herkunft dieser Nicht-HIV-Komorbiditäten, neben den traditionellen Risikofaktoren, sind HIV-Infektion, chronische Entzündung, eine gestörte Immunaktivierung, chronische Erkrankungen und eine ungesunde Lebensweise wie Bewegungsmangel. Bewegung ist bekannt für seine positive Wirkung auf die mentale und körperliche Gesundheit; das ist der Grund, warum Bewegung in der Prävention und der Behandlung verschiedener Herz-Kreislauf- und psychischer Erkrankungen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung empfohlen wird. Ziel dieser kumulativen Arbeit war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen körperlicher Bewegung und nicht-HIV-Komorbiditäten bei deutschen Menschen, die mit HIV leben zu untersuchen. Vier Studien wurden durchgeführt, um 1) die Auswirkungen von Bewegung auf die kardiorespiratorische Fitness und die Muskelkraft von HIV-Infizierten durch eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit und Meta-Analysen zu verstehen und 2) zu bestimmen, ob HIV-positive Menschen, die Bewegung treiben, entwickeln einen Nicht-HIV-Komorbiditäten. Die metaanalytische Untersuchung zeigt, dass sich die kardiorespiratorische Fitness (VO2max SMD = 0.61 mlkgmin-1, 95 % CI: 0.35-0.88, z = 4.47, p < 0.001, I2 = 50 %) und Kraft (Besonders in den unteren Extremitäten 16.8 kg, 95 % CI: 13–20.6, p< 0.001) nach einer Trainingsintervention im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe verbessert. Querschnittdaten deuten darauf hin, dass Bewegung eine positive Wirkung auf die psychische Gesundheit den deutschen Menschen, die mit HIV leben hat (weniger Angst und depressive Symptome) und vor der Entwicklung von Angst (PR: 0,57, 95 % IC: 0,36 - 0,91, p = 0,01) und Depression (PR: 0,62, 95 % IC: 0,41 - 0,94, p = 0,01) schützt. Ebenso geht die Dauer der Bewegung mit einer geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit für Herzrhythmusstörungen einher, (PR: 0,20, 95 % IC: 0,10 - 0,60, p < 0,01). Eine vorläufige Empfehlung für deutsche Menschen, die mit HIV leben und die sich sportlich betätigen wollen, kann sein, ³ 1-mal pro Woche mit einer Intensität von 5 METs und einer Dauer von ³ 60 Minuten zu trainieren. Dennoch sind weitere Forschungen erforderlich, um die Dosiswirkung und die schützende Wirkung von Bewegung auf Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Angst und Depression bei deutschen Menschen, die mit HIV leben zu verstehen. KW - HIV KW - cardiovascular disease KW - anxiety KW - depression KW - exercise KW - Menschen, die mit HIV leben KW - Angst KW - Depression KW - kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen KW - Bewegung Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-560842 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Behrendt, Tom A1 - Bielitzki, Robert A1 - Behrens, Martin A1 - Herold, Fabian A1 - Schega, Lutz T1 - Effects of intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans BT - a systematic review JF - Sports medicine - open N2 - Background: Intermittent hypoxia applied at rest or in combination with exercise promotes multiple beneficial adaptations with regard to performance and health in humans. It was hypothesized that replacing normoxia by moderate hyperoxia can increase the adaptive response to the intermittent hypoxic stimulus. Objective: Our objective was to systematically review the current state of the literature on the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia (IHH) on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science (TM), Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (January 2000 to September 2021) using the following inclusion criteria: (1) original research articles involving humans, (2) investigation of the chronic effect of IHH, (3) inclusion of a control group being not exposed to IHH, and (4) articles published in peer-reviewed journals written in English. Results: Of 1085 articles initially found, eight studies were included. IHH was solely performed at rest in different populations including geriatric patients (n = 1), older patients with cardiovascular (n = 3) and metabolic disease (n = 2) or cognitive impairment (n = 1), and young athletes with overtraining syndrome (n = 1). The included studies confirmed the beneficial effects of chronic exposure to IHH, showing improvements in exercise tolerance, peak oxygen uptake, and global cognitive functions, as well as lowered blood glucose levels. A trend was discernible that chronic exposure to IHH can trigger a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The evidence of whether IHH exerts beneficial effects on blood lipid levels and haematological parameters is currently inconclusive. A meta-analysis was not possible because the reviewed studies had a considerable heterogeneity concerning the investigated populations and outcome parameters. Conclusion: Based on the published literature, it can be suggested that chronic exposure to IHH might be a promising non-pharmacological intervention strategy for improving peak oxygen consumption, exercise tolerance, and cognitive performance as well as reducing blood glucose levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in older patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases or cognitive impairment. However, further randomized controlled trials with adequate sample sizes are needed to confirm and extend the evidence. This systematic review was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42021281248) (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/). KW - hypoxic conditioning KW - cognitive impairment KW - metabolic disease KW - cardiovascular disease KW - geriatrics KW - therapy Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00450-x SN - 2199-1170 SN - 2198-9761 VL - 8 IS - 1 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER -