TY  - JOUR
A1  - Drummer, Janna-Deborah
A1  - van der Meer, Elke
A1  - Schaadt, Gesa
T1  - Event-related potentials in response to violations of content and temporal event knowledge
JF  - Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience
N2  - Scripts that store knowledge of everyday events are fundamentally important for managing daily routines. Content event knowledge (i.e., knowledge about which events belong to a script) and temporal event knowledge (i.e., knowledge about the chronological order of events in a script) constitute qualitatively different forms of knowledge. However, there is limited information about each distinct process and the time course involved in accessing content and temporal event knowledge. Therefore, we analyzed event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to either correctly presented event sequences or event sequences that contained a content or temporal error. We found an N400, which was followed by a posteriorly distributed P600 in response to content errors in event sequences. By contrast, we did not find an N400 but an anteriorly distributed P600 in response to temporal errors in event sequences. Thus, the N400 seems to be elicited as a response to a general mismatch between an event and the established event model. We assume that the expectancy violation of content event knowledge, as indicated by the N400, induces the collapse of the established event model, a process indicated by the posterior P600. The expectancy violation of temporal event knowledge is assumed to induce an attempt to reorganize the event model in working memory, a process indicated by the frontal P600. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Event model
KW  - Content event knowledge
KW  - Temporal event knowledge
KW  - N400
KW  - P600
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.11.007
SN  - 0028-3932
SN  - 1873-3514
VL  - 80
SP  - 47
EP  - 55
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dix, Annika
A1  - Wartenburger, Isabell
A1  - van der Meer, Elke
T1  - The role of fluid intelligence and learning in analogical reasoning: How to become neurally efficient?
JF  - Neurobiology of learning and memory
N2  - This study on analogical reasoning evaluates the impact of fluid intelligence on adaptive changes in neural efficiency over the course of an experiment and specifies the underlying cognitive processes. Grade 10 students (N = 80) solved unfamiliar geometric analogy tasks of varying difficulty. Neural efficiency was measured by the event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the alpha band, an indicator of cortical activity. Neural efficiency was defined as a low amount of cortical activity accompanying high performance during problem-solving. Students solved the tasks faster and more accurately the higher their FI was. Moreover, while high FI led to greater cortical activity in the first half of the experiment, high FI was associated with a neurally more efficient processing (i.e., better performance but same amount of cortical activity) in the second half of the experiment. Performance in difficult tasks improved over the course of the experiment for all students while neural efficiency increased for students with higher but decreased for students with lower fluid intelligence. Based on analyses of the alpha sub-bands, we argue that high fluid intelligence was associated with a stronger investment of attentional resource in the integration of information and the encoding of relations in this unfamiliar task in the first half of the experiment (lower-2 alpha band). Students with lower fluid intelligence seem to adapt their applied strategies over the course of the experiment (i.e., focusing on task-relevant information; lower-1 alpha band). Thus, the initially lower cortical activity and its increase in students with lower fluid intelligence might reflect the overcoming of mental overload that was present in the first half of the experiment. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
KW  - Analogical reasoning
KW  - Short-term learning
KW  - Fluid intelligence
KW  - Neural efficiency
KW  - Alpha ERD/ERS
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2016.07.019
SN  - 1074-7427
SN  - 1095-9564
VL  - 134
SP  - 236
EP  - 247
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  -