TY  - JOUR
A1  - Long, Minyi
A1  - Ni, Binbin
A1  - Cao, Xing
A1  - Gu, Xudong
A1  - Kollmann, Peter
A1  - Luo, Qiong
A1  - Zhou, Ruoxian
A1  - Guo, Yingjie
A1  - Guo, Deyu
A1  - Shprits, Yuri Y.
T1  - Losses of radiation belt energetic particles by encounters with four of the inner Moons of Jupiter
JF  - Journal of geophysical research, Planets
N2  - Based on an improved model of the moon absorption of Jovian radiation belt particles, we investigate quantitatively and comprehensively the absorption probabilities and particle lifetimes due to encounters with four of the inner moons of Jupiter (Amalthea, Thebe, Io, and Europa) inside L < 10. Our results demonstrate that the resultant average lifetimes of energetic protons and electrons vary dramatically between similar to 0.1 days and well above 1,000 days, showing a strong dependence on the particle equatorial pitch angle, kinetic energy and moon orbit. The average lifetimes of energetic protons and electrons against moon absorption are shortest for Io (i.e., similar to 0.1-10 days) and longest for Thebe (i.e., up to thousands of days), with the lifetimes in between for Europa and Amalthea. Due to the diploe tilt angle absorption effect, the average lifetimes of energetic protons and electrons vary markedly below and above alpha eq ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}$ = 67 degrees. Overall, the average electron lifetimes exhibit weak pitch angle dependence, but the average proton lifetimes are strongly dependent on equatorial pitch angle. The average lifetimes of energetic protons decrease monotonically and substantially with the kinetic energy, but the average lifetimes of energetic electrons are roughly constant at energies <similar to 10 MeV, increase substantially around the Kepler velocities of the moons (similar to 10-50 MeV), and decrease quickly at even higher energies. Compared with the averaged electron lifetimes, the average proton lifetimes are longer at energies below a few MeV and shorter at energies above tens of MeV.
KW  - moon absorption
KW  - Jupiter's magnetosphere
KW  - energetic electrons
KW  - energetic
KW  - protons
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JE007050
SN  - 2169-9097
SN  - 2169-9100
VL  - 127
IS  - 2
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt, Max Oliver
T1  - Kirchenasyl als Solidarisierung
BT  - umkämpftes soziales Gut
JF  - Pax Zeit : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Sektion von Pax Christi
Y1  - 2020
UR  - https://www.paxchristi.de/file/download/AMIfv952MjWMWXF-eVYzdtrIjuo8hyDLrWsf5NBFQUsAQw3zfj810BcAFgK2by2QzIVlFyqpsGHeZgNuUZCcIWE38BZNJZcARf3aHRxCzVwJHx8fpKChqCsuTh85-vPie_7LkDR8bJ0Fj9esgQYS7uwlyuja-WmR4sBlc5d478j-3PVLAybx17jAuROPcPta3t1E4OSHeV6YpNlWYSNhTZaUJdIDeqZrXCEPNVDDtq9Kt55SUxPceAkUx9u2zwYvM9NUwqd1tWp0wtu-rzv2nm6TpR55u9wghouR583U4pTPoB3M9k_ayBM/pax_zeit%201_2020.pdf
IS  - 1
SP  - 16
EP  - 17
PB  - Pax Christi-Bewegung, Dt. Sektion
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kirchler, Matthias
A1  - Konigorski, Stefan
A1  - Norden, Matthias
A1  - Meltendorf, Christian
A1  - Kloft, Marius
A1  - Schurmann, Claudia
A1  - Lippert, Christoph
T1  - transferGWAS
BT  - GWAS of images using deep transfer learning
JF  - Bioinformatics
N2  - Motivation: 
Medical images can provide rich information about diseases and their biology. However, investigating their association with genetic variation requires non-standard methods. We propose transferGWAS, a novel approach to perform genome-wide association studies directly on full medical images. First, we learn semantically meaningful representations of the images based on a transfer learning task, during which a deep neural network is trained on independent but similar data. Then, we perform genetic association tests with these representations. 

Results: 
We validate the type I error rates and power of transferGWAS in simulation studies of synthetic images. Then we apply transferGWAS in a genome-wide association study of retinal fundus images from the UK Biobank. This first-of-a-kind GWAS of full imaging data yielded 60 genomic regions associated with retinal fundus images, of which 7 are novel candidate loci for eye-related traits and diseases.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btac369
SN  - 1367-4803
SN  - 1460-2059
VL  - 38
IS  - 14
SP  - 3621
EP  - 3628
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hafner, Johann Evangelist
T1  - Das Sterben entschärfen
BT  - Wege der Volksfrömmigkeit, der Philosophie und der Theologie
JF  - Wort und Antwort. Dominikanische Zeitschrift für Glauben und Gesellschaft
Y1  - 2022
UR  - https://www.wort-und-antwort.de/pdf/archiv/2022/2022_04.pdf
SN  - 0342-6378
VL  - 63
IS  - 4
SP  - 155
EP  - 160
PB  - Grünewald
CY  - Ostfildern
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Polemiti, Elli
A1  - Baudry, Julia
A1  - Kuxhaus, Olga
A1  - Jäger, Susanne
A1  - Bergmann, Manuela
A1  - Weikert, Cornelia
A1  - Schulze, Matthias B.
T1  - BMI and BMI change following incident type 2 diabetes and risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications
BT  - the EPIC-Potsdam study
JF  - Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
N2  - Aims/hypothesis
Studies suggest decreased mortality risk among people who are overweight or obese compared with individuals with normal weight in type 2 diabetes (obesity paradox). However, the relationship between body weight or weight change and microvascular vs macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes remains unresolved. We investigated the association between BMI and BMI change with long-term risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes in a prospective cohort study. 

Methods
We studied participants with incident type 2 diabetes from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort, who were free of cancer, cardiovascular disease and microvascular disease at diagnosis (n = 1083). Pre-diagnosis BMI and relative annual change between pre- and post-diagnosis BMI were evaluated in multivariable-adjusted Cox models.

Results
There were 85 macrovascular (myocardial infarction and stroke) and 347 microvascular events (kidney disease, neuropathy and retinopathy) over a median follow-up of 10.8 years. Median pre-diagnosis BMI was 29.9 kg/m(2) (IQR 27.4-33.2), and the median relative annual BMI change was -0.4% (IQR -2.1 to 0.9). Higher pre-diagnosis BMI was positively associated with total microvascular complications (multivariable-adjusted HR per 5 kg/m(2) [95% CI]: 1.21 [1.07, 1.36], kidney disease 1.39 [1.21, 1.60] and neuropathy 1.12 [0.96, 1.31]) but not with macrovascular complications (HR 1.05 [95% CI 0.81, 1.36]). Analyses according to BMI categories corroborated these findings. Effect modification was not evident by sex, smoking status or age groups. In analyses according to BMI change categories, BMI loss of more than 1% indicated a decreased risk of total microvascular complications (HR 0.62 [95% CI 0.47, 0.80]), kidney disease (HR 0.57 [95% CI 0.40, 0.81]) and neuropathy (HR 0.73 [95% CI 0.52, 1.03]), compared with participants with a stable BMI; no clear association was observed for macrovascular complications (HR 1.04 [95% CI 0.62, 1.74]). The associations between BMI gain compared with stable BMI and diabetes-related vascular complications were less apparent. Associations were consistent across strata of sex, age, pre-diagnosis BMI or medication but appeared to be stronger among never-smokers compared with current or former smokers. 

Conclusions/interpretation
Among people with incident type 2 diabetes, pre-diagnosis BMI was positively associated with microvascular complications, while a reduced risk was observed with weight loss when compared with stable weight. The relationships with macrovascular disease were less clear.
KW  - BMI
KW  - CVD
KW  - Diabetes-related vascular complications
KW  - Nephropathy
KW  - Neuropathy
KW  - T2D
KW  - Weight change
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05362-7
SN  - 0012-186X
SN  - 1432-0428
VL  - 64
IS  - 4
SP  - 814
EP  - 825
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rothe, Martin
A1  - Zhao, Yuhang
A1  - Müller, Johannes
A1  - Kewes, Günter
A1  - Koch, Christoph T.
A1  - Lu, Yan
A1  - Benson, Oliver
T1  - Self-assembly of plasmonic nanoantenna-waveguide structures for subdiffractional chiral sensing
JF  - ACS nano
N2  - Spin-momentum locking is a peculiar effect in the near-field of guided optical or plasmonic modes. It can be utilized to map the spinning or handedness of electromagnetic fields onto the propagation direction. This motivates a method to probe the circular dichroism of an illuminated chiral object. In this work, we demonstrate local, subdiffraction limited chiral coupling of light and propagating surface plasmon polaritons in a self-assembled system of a gold nanoantenna and a silver nanowire. A thin silica shell around the nanowire provides precise distance control and also serves as a host for fluorescent molecules, which indicate the direction of plasmon propagation. We characterize our nanoantenna-nanowire systems comprehensively through correlated electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, dark-field, and fluorescence imaging. Three-dimensional numerical simulations support the experimental findings. Besides our measurement of far-field polarization, we estimate sensing capabilities and derive not only a sensitivity of 1 mdeg for the ellipticity of the light field, but also find 10(3) deg cm(2)/dmol for the circular dichroism of an analyte locally introduced in the hot spot of the antenna-wire system. Thorough modeling of a prototypical design predicts on-chip sensing of chiral analytes. This introduces our system as an ultracompact sensor for chiral response far below the diffraction limit.
KW  - plasmonics
KW  - nanoparticle assemblies
KW  - core-shell
KW  - spin-orbit coupling
KW  - chirality
KW  - circular dichroism
KW  - nano-optics
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c05240
SN  - 1936-0851
SN  - 1936-086X
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
SP  - 351
EP  - 361
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Saikin, Anthony
A1  - Shprits, Yuri Y.
A1  - Drozdov, Alexander
A1  - Landis, Daji August
A1  - Zhelavskaya, Irina
A1  - Cervantes Villa, Juan Sebastian
T1  - Reconstruction of the radiation belts for solar cycles 17-24 (1933-2017)
JF  - Space weather : the international journal of research and applications
N2  - We present a reconstruction of the dynamics of the radiation belts from solar cycles 17 to 24 which allows us to study how radiation belt activity has varied between the different solar cycles. The radiation belt simulations are produced using the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB)-3D code. The VERB-3D code simulations incorporate radial, energy, and pitch angle diffusion to reproduce the radiation belts. Our simulations use the historical measurements of Kp (available since solar cycle 17, i.e., 1933) to model the evolution radiation belt dynamics between L* = 1-6.6. A nonlinear auto regressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) neural network was trained off GOES 15 measurements (January 2011-March 2014) and used to supply the upper boundary condition (L* = 6.6) over the course of solar cycles 17-24 (i.e., 1933-2017). Comparison of the model with long term observations of the Van Allen Probes and CRRES demonstrates that our model, driven by the NARX boundary, can reconstruct the general evolution of the radiation belt fluxes. Solar cycle 24 (January 2008-2017) has been the least active of the considered solar cycles which resulted in unusually low electron fluxes. Our results show that solar cycle 24 should not be used as a representative solar cycle for developing long term environment models. The developed reconstruction of fluxes can be used to develop or improve empirical models of the radiation belts.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002524
SN  - 1542-7390
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
PB  - Wiley
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt, Thomas
A1  - Cioni, Maria-Rosa L.
A1  - Niederhofer, Florian
A1  - Bekki, Kenji
A1  - Bell, Cameron P. M.
A1  - de Grijs, Richard
A1  - El Youssoufi, Dalal
A1  - Ivanov, Valentin D.
A1  - Oliveira, Joana M.
A1  - Ripepi, Vincenzo
A1  - van Loon, Jacco Th.
T1  - The VMC survey: XLV. Proper motion of the outer LMC and the impact of the SMC
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics
N2  - Context. The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is the most luminous satellite galaxy of the Milky Way and, owing to its companion, the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), represents an excellent laboratory to study the interaction of dwarf galaxies. Aims. The aim of this study is to investigate the kinematics of the outer regions of the LMC by using stellar proper motions to understand the impact of interactions, for example with the SMC about 250 Myr ago. Methods. We calculate proper motions using multi-epoch K s -band images from the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Cloud system (VMC). Observations span a time baseline of 2-5 yr. We combine the VMC data with data from the Gaia Early Data Release 3 and introduce a new method to distinguish between Magellanic and Milky Way stars based on a machine learning algorithm. This new technique enables a larger and cleaner sample selection of fainter sources as it reaches below the red clump of the LMC. Results. We investigate the impact of the SMC on the rotational field of the LMC and find hints of stripped SMC debris. The southeastern region of the LMC shows a slow rotational speed compared to the overall rotation. N-body simulations suggest that this could be caused by a fraction of stripped SMC stars located in that particular region that move opposite to the expected rotation.
KW  - Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics
KW  - Magellanic Clouds
KW  - galaxies:
KW  - interactions
KW  - proper motions
KW  - surveys
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142148
SN  - 0004-6361
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 663
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Astudillo-Sotomayor, Luis
A1  - Jara Muñoz, Julius
A1  - Melnick, Daniel
A1  - Cortés‐Aranda, Joaquín
A1  - Tassara, Andrés
A1  - Strecker, Manfred
T1  - Fast Holocene slip and localized strain along the Liquiñe-Ofqui strike-slip fault system, Chile
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - In active tectonic settings dominated by strike-slip kinematics, slip partitioning across subparallel faults is a common feature; therefore, assessing the degree of partitioning and strain localization is paramount for seismic hazard assessments. Here, we estimate a slip rate of 18.8 +/- 2.0 mm/year over the past 9.0 +/- 0.1 ka for a single strand of the Liquirie-Ofqui Fault System, which straddles the Main Cordillera in Southern Chile. This Holocene rate accounts for similar to 82% of the trench-parallel component of oblique plate convergence and is similar to million-year estimates integrated over the entire fault system. Our results imply that strain localizes on a single fault at millennial time scale but over longer time scales strain localization is not sustained. The fast millennial slip rate in the absence of historical Mw> 6.5 earthquakes along the Liquine-Ofqui Fault System implies either a component of aseismic slip or Mw similar to 7 earthquakes involving multi-trace ruptures and > 150-year repeat times. Our results have implications for the understanding of strike-slip fault system dynamics within volcanic arcs and seismic hazard assessments.
KW  - Geodynamics
KW  - Geomorphology
KW  - Tectonics
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85036-5
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
PB  - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schmidt, Max Oliver
ED  - Armbruster, André
ED  - Besio, Cristina
T1  - Moralische Entscheidungsdilemmata im Militär
BT  - die Marine zwischen Seenotrettung und Grenzschutzauftrag
T2  - Organisierte Moral
N2  - Militär und Moral sind scheinbar zwei sich gegenseitig ausschließende Begriffe. Kriegerische Konflikte und die Tötung von Menschen kommen uns gänzlich unmoralisch vor. Wenn überhaupt, ist die Kampfmoral (Biehl, Heiko. 2012. Einsatzmotivation und Kampfmoral. In Militärsoziologie – Eine Einführung. 2., aktualisierte und ergänzte Aufl., Hrsg. Nina Leonhard und Ines-Jacqueline Werkner, 447–474. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.) ein gängiges Konzept. Nichtsdestotrotz wird im vorliegenden Beitrag angenommen, dass das Militär moralisch handeln kann. Es wird argumentiert, dass das Militär mit widersprüchlichen moralischen und rechtlichen Erwartungshaltungen konfrontiert wird und diese Erwartungen in Entscheidungen übersetzt. Dadurch gerät das Militär jedoch stetig in moralische Entscheidungsdilemmata. Am Beispiel der Seenotrettung im Mittelmeer zwischen 2015 und 2018 soll exemplarisch gezeigt werden, dass das Militär sowohl eine Situationsmoral und moralische Routinen entwickelt als auch Vermeidungsstrategien verfolgt, die jegliche Moralerwartungen von der Organisation fernhalten. Der Beitrag arbeitet hierbei mit einem Moralbegriff philosophischer Provenienz und zeigt verschiedene analytische Dimensionen auf, die zur Analyse von Moral von Organisationen beitragen können.
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-658-31554-2
SN  - 978-3-658-31555-9
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31555-9_14
SP  - 333
EP  - 366
PB  - Springer VS
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  -