TY - JOUR A1 - Huang, Yizhen A1 - Richter, Eric A1 - Kleickmann, Thilo A1 - Wiepke, Axel A1 - Richter, Dirk T1 - Classroom complexity affects student teachers’ behavior in a VR classroom JF - Computers & education : an international journal N2 - Student teachers often struggle to keep track of everything that is happening in the classroom, and particularly to notice and respond when students cause disruptions. The complexity of the classroom environment is a potential contributing factor that has not been empirically tested. In this experimental study, we utilized a virtual reality (VR) classroom to examine whether classroom complexity affects the likelihood of student teachers noticing disruptions and how they react after noticing. Classroom complexity was operationalized as the number of disruptions and the existence of overlapping disruptions (multidimensionality) as well as the existence of parallel teaching tasks (simultaneity). Results showed that student teachers (n = 50) were less likely to notice the scripted disruptions, and also less likely to respond to the disruptions in a comprehensive and effortful manner when facing greater complexity. These results may have implications for both teacher training and the design of VR for training or research purpose. This study contributes to the field from two aspects: 1) it revealed how features of the classroom environment can affect student teachers' noticing of and reaction to disruptions; and 2) it extends the functionality of the VR environment-from a teacher training tool to a testbed of fundamental classroom processes that are difficult to manipulate in real-life. KW - Augmented and virtual reality KW - Simulations KW - Improving classroom KW - teaching KW - Media in education KW - Pedagogical issues Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104100 SN - 0360-1315 SN - 1873-782X VL - 163 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huang, Yizhen A1 - Richter, Eric A1 - Kleickmann, Thilo A1 - Richter, Dirk T1 - Class size affects preservice teachers' physiological and psychological stress reactions BT - an experiment in a virtual reality classroom JF - Computers & education : an international journal N2 - Teachers frequently express stress associated with teaching in large classrooms. Despite the timehonored tradition in teacher stress research of treating class size as a job-related stressor, the underlying premise that class size directly impacts teachers' stress reactions remains untested. In this randomized controlled experiment targeted at preservice teachers, we utilized a standardized virtual reality (VR) classroom to examine whether class size (number of student avatars) directly affected physiological (heart rate) or psychological (subjective rating) stress reactions among 65 preservice teachers. Results from linear mixed-effects modeling (LMM) showed that class size significantly predicted both their physiological and psychological stress reactions in the simulated environment: Average heart rate and subjective stress ratings were both significantly higher in the large class size condition. Further investigations into the causes of this association has been proposed. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the effects of classroom features on preservice teachers' emotional experiences and well-being. KW - Augmented and virtual reality KW - Simulations KW - Improving classroom teaching KW - Media in education KW - Pedagogical issues Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104503 SN - 0360-1315 SN - 1873-782X VL - 184 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huang, Yizhen A1 - Richter, Eric A1 - Kleickmann, Thilo A1 - Richter, Dirk T1 - Comparing video and virtual reality as tools for fostering interest and self-efficacy in classroom management BT - results of a pre-registered experiment JF - British journal of educational technology / British Educational Communications and Technology Agency N2 - Video is a widely used medium in teacher training for situating student teachers in classroom scenarios. Although the emerging technology of virtual reality (VR) provides similar, and arguably more powerful, capabilities for immersing teachers in lifelike situations, its benefits and risks relative to video formats have received little attention in the research to date. The current study used a randomized pretest-posttest experimental design to examine the influence of a video- versus VR-based task on changing situational interest and self-efficacy in classroom management. Results from 49 student teachers revealed that the VR simulation led to higher increments in self-reported triggered interest and self-efficacy in classroom management, but also invoked higher extraneous cognitive load than a video viewing task. We discussed the implications of these results for pre-service teacher education and the design of VR environments for professional training purposes. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic Video is a popular teacher training medium given its ability to display classroom situations. Virtual reality (VR) also immerses users in lifelike situations and has gained popularity in recent years. Situational interest and self-efficacy in classroom management is vital for student teachers' professional development. What this paper adds VR outperforms video in promoting student teachers' triggered interest in classroom management. Student teachers felt more efficacious in classroom management after participating in VR. VR also invoked higher extraneous cognitive load than the video. Implications for practice and/or policy VR provides an authentic teacher training environment for classroom management. The design of the VR training environment needs to ensure a low extraneous cognitive load. KW - cognitive load KW - immersive media KW - pre-service teacher KW - professional KW - training KW - simulations KW - student teacher KW - teacher education Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13254 SN - 0007-1013 SN - 1467-8535 VL - 54 IS - 2 SP - 467 EP - 488 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Eric A1 - Marx, Alexandra A1 - Huang, Yizhen A1 - Richter, Dirk T1 - Zeiten zum beruflichen Lernen BT - eine empirische Untersuchung zum Zeitpunkt und der Dauer von Fortbildungsangeboten für Lehrkräfte JF - Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft N2 - Die Forschung zur Lehrerfortbildung weist darauf hin, dass zeitliche Einschränkungen eine Barriere für die Teilnahme an Fortbildungen darstellen. Insbesondere die Unvereinbarkeit der Arbeitszeit mit dem Zeitpunkt des Fortbildungsangebotes wird von Lehrkräften als hinderlich wahrgenommen. Welche zeitlichen Merkmale das Fortbildungsangebot für Lehrkräfte aufweist und ob diese im Zusammenhang mit der Fortbildungsteilnahme von Lehrkräften stehen, fand bisher wenig Berücksichtigung. Die vorliegende Studie verfolgt daher das Ziel, zeitliche Merkmale des Fortbildungsangebotes für Lehrkräfte zu beschreiben und ihre Vorhersagekraft für die Fortbildungsteilnahme zu untersuchen. Die Daten hierfür stammen aus der elektronischen Datenbank für Lehrerfortbildungen des Landes Brandenburg im akademischen Jahr 2016/2017. Der Datensatz umfasst 1330 schulexterne Lehrerfortbildungen staatlicher Anbieter. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Dauer und Zeitpunkt einer Fortbildungsveranstaltung prädiktiv für die Teilnahme der Lehrkräfte sind. Die Befunde erweitern damit den Diskurs zu Bedingungen des beruflichen Lernens von Lehrkräften und liefern Implikationen für eine passgenaue Fortbildungsplanung. N2 - Research on teachers’ professional development suggests that time constraints often prevent teachers from participating in in-service trainings. In particular, a time conflict between work and in-service training seems to be an obstacle for many teachers. However, little empirical evidence exists that investigates effects of temporal variables such as timing and duration of the training session on teachers’ participation rate. The present study aims to describe time and duration of professional development activities and its relationship with the number of attendees in the respective courses. The data of the study were provided from the electronic database on teachers’ professional development activities in the state of Brandenburg during the academic year 2016–2017. The data set comprises 1330 professional development activities provided by state agencies. The results show that both time and duration significantly predict the participation rate in the training courses. The findings broaden the scope of the discussion about conditions of teachers’ professional learning and provide implications for a well-fitting in-service training schedule. KW - berufliches Lernen KW - Lehrerbildung KW - Lehrerfortbildung KW - Lernzeit KW - Polynomial Regression KW - Continuing education KW - Learning time KW - Polynomial regression KW - Professional development KW - Teacher training Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-019-00924-x SN - 1434-663X SN - 1862-5215 VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 145 EP - 173 PB - Springer VS/Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Eric A1 - Marx, Alexandra A1 - Huang, Yizhen A1 - Richter, Dirk T1 - Zeiten zum beruflichen Lernen BT - eine empirische Untersuchung zum Zeitpunkt und der Dauer von Fortbildungsangeboten für Lehrkräfte BT - an empirical study about timing and duration of teacher training JF - Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft N2 - Die Forschung zur Lehrerfortbildung weist darauf hin, dass zeitliche Einschränkungen eine Barriere für die Teilnahme an Fortbildungen darstellen. Insbesondere die Unvereinbarkeit der Arbeitszeit mit dem Zeitpunkt des Fortbildungsangebotes wird von Lehrkräften als hinderlich wahrgenommen. Welche zeitlichen Merkmale das Fortbildungsangebot für Lehrkräfte aufweist und ob diese im Zusammenhang mit der Fortbildungsteilnahme von Lehrkräften stehen, fand bisher wenig Berücksichtigung. Die vorliegende Studie verfolgt daher das Ziel, zeitliche Merkmale des Fortbildungsangebotes für Lehrkräfte zu beschreiben und ihre Vorhersagekraft für die Fortbildungsteilnahme zu untersuchen. Die Daten hierfür stammen aus der elektronischen Datenbankfür Lehrerfortbildungen des Landes Brandenburg im akademischen Jahr 2016/2017. Der Datensatz umfasst 1330 schulexterne Lehrerfortbildungen staatlicher Anbieter. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Dauer und Zeitpunkt einer Fortbildungsveranstaltung prädiktiv für die Teilnahme der Lehrkräfte sind. Die Befunde erweitern damit den Diskurs zu Bedingungen des beruflichen Lernens von Lehrkräften und liefern Implikationen für eine passgenaue Fortbildungsplanung. N2 - Research on teachers’ professional development suggests that time constraints often prevent teachers from participating in in-service trainings. In particular, a time conflict between work and in-service training seems to be an obstacle for many teachers. However, little empirical evidence exists that investigates effects of temporal variables such as timing and duration of the training session on teachers’ participation rate. The present study aims to describe time and duration of professional development activities and its relationship with the number of attendees in the respective courses. The data of the study were provided from the electronic database on teachers’ professional development activities in the state of Brandenburg during the academic year 2016–2017. The data set comprises 1330 professional development activities provided by state agencies. The results show that both time and duration significantly predict the participation rate in the training courses. The findings broaden the scope of the discussion about conditions of teachers’ professional learning and provide implications for a well-fitting in-service training schedule. T2 - Time for professional learning KW - berufliches Lernen · Lehrerbildung · Lehrerfortbildung ·Lernzeit · Polynomial Regression KW - Lehrerbildung KW - Lehrerfortbildung KW - Lernzeit KW - polynomial regression KW - Continuing education KW - Learning time KW - Polynomial regression KW - Professional development KW - Teacher training Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-019-00924-x SN - 1434-663X SN - 1862-5215 VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 145 EP - 173 PB - Springer VS/Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH CY - Wiesbaden ER -