TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zuba, Anna
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Weight bias internalization across weight categories among school-aged children
BT  - validation of the weight bias internalization scale for children
JF  - Body image : an international journal of research
N2  - Anti-fat bias is widespread and is linked to the internalization of weight bias and psychosocial problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the internalization of weight bias among children across weight categories and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Weight Bias Internalization Scale for Children (WBIS-C). Data were collected from 1484 primary school children and their parents. WBIS-C demonstrated good internal consistency (alpha = .86) after exclusion of Item 1. The unitary factor structure was supported using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (factorial validity). Girls and overweight children reported higher WBIS-C scores in comparison to boys and non-overweight peers (known-groups validity). Convergent validity was shown by significant correlations with psychosocial problems. Internalization of weight bias explained additional variance in different indicators of psychosocial well-being. The results suggest that the WBIS-C is a psychometrically sound and informative tool to assess weight bias internalization among children.
KW  - Internalization of weight bias
KW  - Weight stigma
KW  - Psychological functioning
KW  - Psychometric properties
KW  - Children
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.02.008
SN  - 1740-1445
SN  - 1873-6807
VL  - 25
SP  - 56
EP  - 65
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Send, Tabea Sarah
A1  - Bardtke, Svenja
A1  - Gilles, Maria
A1  - Wolf, Isabella Germaine
A1  - Sütterlin, Marc W.
A1  - Kirschbaum, Clemens
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Witt, Stephanie H.
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Streit, Fabian
A1  - Deuschle, Michael
T1  - Stress reactivity in preschool-aged children
BT  - Evaluation of a social stress paradigm and investigation of the impact of prenatal maternal stress
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
N2  - Prenatal maternal stress is an established risk factor for somatic and psychological health of the offspring. A dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in offspring has been suggested as an important mechanism. However, the impact of prenatal stress on stress reactivity in preschool-aged children is not yet well understood. This is partly due to the fact that for this age group there is no stress test as well established as for older children and adults. In the present work a previously published stress test (Kryski et al., 2011) was evaluated in a large sample of 45-month-old children (n = 339). Furthermore, the relation between measures of prenatal maternal stress and cortisol reactivity was investigated. Prenatal stress was defined as psychopathology (self-report available for n = 339; expert-rating available for a subsample of n = 246) and perceived stress (n = 244) during pregnancy. The stress paradigm elicited significant increases in salivary cortisol 30 and 40 min after the test, and 60.8% of the children were classified as responders. Lower cortisol levels after the stress test were observed in the group of children with prenatal stress defined as maternal psychopathology (both self-reported and expert-rated). Maternal perceived stress as a continuous measure was not significantly associated with cortisol levels. However, when comparing children in the highest quartile of maternal perceived stress to all other children, significantly lower cortisol values were observed in the prenatally stressed group. The present study confirms the paradigm by Kryski et al. as an effective stress test for preschool-aged children. Moreover, it provides further evidence that prenatal stress impacts HPA axis reactivity. Future studies should target the timing, nature, and intensity of prenatal stressors and their effect on the stress response in offspring at different developmental stages.
KW  - Stress test
KW  - Children
KW  - Prenatal stress
KW  - Cortisol
KW  - HPA axis reactivity
KW  - Psychopathology
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.002
SN  - 0306-4530
VL  - 101
SP  - 223
EP  - 231
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  -