TY - JOUR A1 - Rybski, Diego A1 - Reusser, Dominik Edwin A1 - Winz, Anna-Lena A1 - Fichtner, Christina A1 - Sterzel, Till A1 - Kropp, Jürgen T1 - Cities as nuclei of sustainability? JF - Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science N2 - We have assembled CO2 emission figures from collections of urban GHG emission estimates published in peer-reviewed journals or reports from research institutes and non-governmental organizations. Analyzing the scaling with population size, we find that the exponent is development dependent with a transition from super- to sub-linear scaling. From the climate change mitigation point of view, the results suggest that urbanization is desirable in developed countries. Further, we compare this analysis with a second scaling relation, namely the fundamental allometry between city population and area, and propose that density might be a decisive quantity too. Last, we derive the theoretical country-wide urban emissions by integration and obtain a dependence on the size of the largest city. KW - Scaling KW - cities KW - climate change KW - development process KW - allometry Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0265813516638340 SN - 2399-8083 SN - 2399-8091 VL - 44 IS - 3 SP - 425 EP - 440 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kutzschbach, Martin A1 - Wunder, Bernd A1 - Krstulovic, Marija A1 - Ertl, Andreas A1 - Trumbull, Robert B. A1 - Rocholl, Alexander A1 - Giester, Gerald T1 - First high-pressure synthesis of rossmanitic tourmaline and evidence for the incorporation of Li at the X site JF - Physics and chemistry of minerals / in cooperation with the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) N2 - Lithium is an important component of some tourmalines, especially in chemically evolved granites and pegmatites. All attempts at synthesizing Li-rich tourmaline have so far been unsuccessful. Here we describe the first synthesis of rossmanitic tourmaline at 4 GPa and 700 degrees C in the system Li2OAl2O3SiO2B2O3H2O (LASBH) from seed-free solid starting materials consisting of a homogenous mixture of Li2O, gamma-Al2O3, quartz and H3BO3. The solid run products after 12-day run duration comprise rossmanitic tourmaline (68 wt%), dumortierite (28 wt%) and traces of spodumene (3 wt%) and coesite (1 wt%). Tourmaline forms idiomorphic, large prismatic crystals (30 X 100 mu m), which are inclusion free and chemically unzoned. The refined cell dimensions of the tourmaline are: a = 15.7396(9) angstrom, c = 7.0575(5) angstrom, V = 1514.1(2) angstrom 3. Conventionally, the Li+ ion is assumed to exclusively occupy the octahedral Y site in the tourmaline structure to a maximum of 2 Li per formula unit (pfu). However, the chemical composition of our synthetic tourmaline determined by electron microprobe and secondary ion mass spectroscopy results in the formula: (X)(square Li-0.67(11)(0.33(11)))(Y)(Al2.53(10)Li0.47(10))(Z)(Al-6)T(Si5.42(15)B0.58(15))O-18(B)(BO3)(3)(V+W)[(OH)(2.40(3))O-1.60(3)], wherein a significant amount of Li occupies the X site for charge balance requirements. Reliable assignment of the OH-stretching vibrations in a polarized single-crystal Raman spectrum such as a single-crystal XRD structure refinement, confirms the incorporation of Li at the X site [0.24(9) and 0.15(5) Li-X pfu, respectively]. The SREF data show that the LiO1 distances are shortened significantly in order to compensate for the smaller ionic radius of Li+ compared to Na+, K+ or Ca2+ at the X site, i.e., Li is closer to the Si6O18 ring and to a sevenfold coordination with oxygen. KW - High-pressure synthesis KW - Tourmaline KW - Rossmanite KW - Crystal chemistry KW - X site occupancy KW - SIMS KW - SREF KW - Li isotope fractionation Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-016-0863-0 SN - 0342-1791 SN - 1432-2021 VL - 44 SP - 353 EP - 363 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kornhuber, Kai A1 - Petoukhov, Vladimir A1 - Petri, Stefan A1 - Rahmstorf, Stefan A1 - Coumou, Dim T1 - Evidence for wave resonance as a key mechanism for generating high-amplitude quasi-stationary waves in boreal summer JF - Climate dynamics : observational, theoretical and computational research on the climate system N2 - Several recent northern hemisphere summer extremes have been linked to persistent high-amplitude wave patterns (e.g. heat waves in Europe 2003, Russia 2010 and in the US 2011, Floods in Pakistan 2010 and Europe 2013). Recently quasi-resonant amplification (QRA) was proposed as a mechanism that, when certain dynamical conditions are fulfilled, can lead to such high-amplitude wave events. Based on these resonance conditions a detection scheme to scan reanalysis data for QRA events in boreal summer months was implemented. With this objective detection scheme we analyzed the occurrence and duration of QRA events and the associated atmospheric flow patterns in 1979-2015 reanalysis data. We detect a total number of 178 events for wave 6, 7 and 8 and find that during roughly one-third of all high amplitude events QRA conditions were met for respective waves. Our analysis reveals a significant shift for quasi-stationary waves 6 and 7 towards high amplitudes during QRA events, lagging first QRA-detection by typically one week. The results provide further evidence for the validity of the QRA hypothesis and its important role in generating high amplitude waves in boreal summer. KW - Rossby waves KW - Wave resonance KW - Atmospheric dynamics KW - Extreme weather Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3399-6 SN - 0930-7575 SN - 1432-0894 VL - 49 SP - 1961 EP - 1979 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Licht, Alexis A1 - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume A1 - Pullen, Alex A1 - Kapp, Paul A1 - Abels, Hemmo A. A1 - Lai, Zulong A1 - Guo, ZhaoJie A1 - Abell, Jordan A1 - Giesler, Dominique T1 - Resilience of the Asian atmospheric circulation shown by paleogene dust provenance T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The onset of modern central Asian atmospheric circulation is traditionally linked to the interplay of surface uplift of the Mongolian and Tibetan-Himalayan orogens, retreat of the Paratethys sea from central Asia and Cenozoic global cooling. Although the role of these players has not yet been unravelled, the vast dust deposits of central China support the presence of arid conditions and modern atmospheric pathways for the last 25 million years (Myr). Here, we present provenance data from older (42-33 Myr) dust deposits, at a time when the Tibetan Plateau was less developed, the Paratethys sea still present in central Asia and atmospheric pCO(2) much higher. Our results show that dust sources and near-surface atmospheric circulation have changed little since at least 42 Myr. Our findings indicate that the locus of central Asian high pressures and concurrent aridity is a resilient feature only modulated by mountain building, global cooling and sea retreat. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1114 KW - Chinese Loess Plateau KW - last glacial maximum KW - Tibetan Plateau KW - Yellow-River KW - climate KW - basin KW - evolution KW - ardification KW - monsoons KW - desert Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436381 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1114 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gonschorek, Julia A1 - Langer, Anja A1 - Bernhardt, Benjamin A1 - Raebiger, Caroline T1 - Big Data in the Field of Civil Security Research: Approaches for the Visual Preprocessing of Fire Brigade Operations JF - Science N2 - This article gives insight in a running dissertation at the University in Potsdam. Point of discussion is the spatial and temporal distribution of emergencies of German fire brigades that have not sufficiently been scientifically examined. The challenge is seen in Big Data: enormous amounts of data that exist now (or can be collected in the future) and whose variables are linked to one another. These analyses and visualizations can form a basis for strategic, operational and tactical planning, as well as prevention measures. The user-centered (geo-) visualization of fire brigade data accessible to the general public is a scientific contribution to the research topic 'geovisual analytics and geographical profiling'. It may supplement antiquated methods such as the so-called pinmaps as well as the areas of engagement that are freehand constructions in GIS. Considering police work, there are already numerous scientific projects, publications, and software solutions designed to meet the specific requirements of Crime Analysis and Crime Mapping. By adapting and extending these methods and techniques, civil security research can be tailored to the needs of fire departments. In this paper, a selection of appropriate visualization methods will be presented and discussed. KW - Big Data KW - Civil Security KW - Explorative (Data-) Analysis KW - Geovisual Analytics KW - Visualization Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4018/IJAEIS.2016010104 SN - 1947-3192 SN - 1947-3206 VL - 7 SP - 54 EP - 64 PB - IGI Global CY - Hershey ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nitze, Ingmar A1 - Grosse, Guido T1 - Detection of landscape dynamics in the Arctic Lena Delta with temporally dense Landsat time-series stacks JF - Remote sensing of environment : an interdisciplinary journal N2 - Arctic permafrost landscapes are among the most vulnerable and dynamic landscapes globally, but due to their extent and remoteness most of the landscape changes remain unnoticed. In order to detect disturbances in these areas we developed an automated processing chain for the calculation and analysis of robust trends of key land surface indicators based on the full record of available Landsat TM, ETM +, and OLI data. The methodology was applied to the similar to 29,000 km(2) Lena Delta in Northeast Siberia, where robust trend parameters (slope, confidence intervals of the slope, and intercept) were calculated for Tasseled Cap Greenness, Wetness and Brightness, NDVI, and NDWI, and NDMI based on 204 Landsat scenes for the observation period between 1999 and 2014. The resulting datasets revealed regional greening trends within the Lena Delta with several localized hot-spots of change, particularly in the vicinity of the main river channels. With a 30-m spatial resolution various permafrost-thaw related processes and disturbances, such as thermokarst lake expansion and drainage, fluvial erosion, and coastal changes were detected within the Lena Delta region, many of which have not been noticed or described before. Such hotspots of permafrost change exhibit significantly different trend parameters compared to non-disturbed areas. The processed dataset, which is made freely available through the data archive PANGAEA, will be a useful resource for further process specific analysis by researchers and land managers. With the high level of automation and the use of the freely available Landsat archive data, the workflow is scalable and transferrable to other regions, which should enable the comparison of land surface changes in different permafrost affected regions and help to understand and quantify permafrost landscape dynamics. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Trend analysis KW - Permafrost thaw KW - Thermokarst KW - Thermoerosion KW - Land cover disturbances KW - River delta KW - Arctic tundra KW - Vegetation greening KW - Vegetation change KW - Coastal dynamics KW - Siberia Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.03.038 SN - 0034-4257 SN - 1879-0704 VL - 181 SP - 27 EP - 41 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langerwisch, Fanny A1 - Walz, Ariane A1 - Rammig, Anja A1 - Tietjen, Britta A1 - Thonicke, Kirsten A1 - Cramer, Wolfgang T1 - Deforestation in Amazonia impacts riverine carbon dynamics JF - Earth system dynamics N2 - Fluxes of organic and inorganic carbon within the Amazon basin are considerably controlled by annual flooding, which triggers the export of terrigenous organic material to the river and ultimately to the Atlantic Ocean. The amount of carbon imported to the river and the further conversion, transport and export of it depend on temperature, atmospheric CO2, terrestrial productivity and carbon storage, as well as discharge. Both terrestrial productivity and discharge are influenced by climate and land use change. The coupled LPJmL and RivCM model system (Langerwisch et al., 2016) has been applied to assess the combined impacts of climate and land use change on the Amazon riverine carbon dynamics. Vegetation dynamics (in LPJmL) as well as export and conversion of terrigenous carbon to and within the river (RivCM) are included. The model system has been applied for the years 1901 to 2099 under two deforestation scenarios and with climate forcing of three SRES emission scenarios, each for five climate models. We find that high deforestation (business-as-usual scenario) will strongly decrease (locally by up to 90 %) riverine particulate and dissolved organic carbon amount until the end of the current century. At the same time, increase in discharge leaves net carbon transport during the first decades of the century roughly unchanged only if a sufficient area is still forested. After 2050 the amount of transported carbon will decrease drastically. In contrast to that, increased temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration determine the amount of riverine inorganic carbon stored in the Amazon basin. Higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase riverine inorganic carbon amount by up to 20% (SRES A2). The changes in riverine carbon fluxes have direct effects on carbon export, either to the atmosphere via outgassing or to the Atlantic Ocean via discharge. The outgassed carbon will increase slightly in the Amazon basin, but can be regionally reduced by up to 60% due to deforestation. The discharge of organic carbon to the ocean will be reduced by about 40% under the most severe deforestation and climate change scenario. These changes would have local and regional consequences on the carbon balance and habitat characteristics in the Amazon basin itself as well as in the adjacent Atlantic Ocean. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-953-2016 SN - 2190-4979 SN - 2190-4987 VL - 7 SP - 953 EP - 968 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - THES A1 - Crasemann, Berit T1 - Der Einfluss arktischer Meereisänderungen auf Wechselwirkungen zwischen synoptischen und planetaren Skalen in der Tropo- und Stratosphäre Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Haase, Marina T1 - Berufsschullandschaften in ländlichen Räumen T1 - Vocational education in rural areas BT - zur Steuerung berufsbildender Infrastrukturen im Kontext demografischer Entwicklungen und institutioneller, sektoraler sowie akteursspezifischer Konstellationen in Brandenburg BT - on managing vocational training infrastructures in the context of demographic trends, institutional, sectoral and actor-related constellations in Brandenburg N2 - Seit Mitte der 2000er Jahre richtet sich angesichts der starken Schülerzahlenrückgänge die wissenschaftliche und bildungspolitische Aufmerksamkeit wieder stärker auf Fragen der Gestaltung beruflicher Bildung in ländlich-peripheren Räumen. Einerseits knüpft sich an die demografische Entwicklung die Erwartung einer Entspannung der lange Zeit sehr prekären Ausbildungsplatzsituation in diesen Räumen. Andererseits ist offen, inwiefern mit den Anpassungsprozessen die Ausbildung neuer räumlichen Disparitäten verbunden ist, etwa durch die Schließung von Berufsschulen. Die Arbeit setzt sich mit der aktuellen Situation und dem Umgang mit Berufsschulen unter den folgenden Fragestellungen auseinander: Wie kann in Regionen mit dünner Besiedlung auf der einen und einer schwierigen regionalökonomischen Situation auf der anderen Seite diese komplexe Infrastruktur betrieben werden? Welche Steuerungsinstrumente kommen in dem anstehenden Rückbauprozess zum Tragen und welche Rolle spielen demographische Entwicklungen, strukturelle Faktoren und Akteurshandeln? Ein besonderer Fokus liegt auf der theoretischen und empirischen Verknüpfung von raumspezifischen Fragestellungen mit der Komplexität von Berufsschulen als ausdifferenzierte Institutionen zwischen Schulsystem und Wirtschaft. Untersucht wurde die Entwicklung des brandenburgischen Berufsschulnetzes ab den 1990er Jahren mit einer vertieften Fallstudie im Landkreis Uckermark. Entgegen der Annahme eines starken Einbruchs der Infrastrukturversorgung in Folge des Schülerzahlenrückganges wird gezeigt, dass sich die brandenburgische Berufsschullandschaft seit den 2000er Jahren durch eine relative Stabilität auszeichnet. Allerdings erfolgte eine berufsspezifische Ausdünnung des Angebotes. Im Jahr 2013 fanden nur 41% aller Auszubilden in ihrem jeweiligen Ausbildungsberuf ein relativ flächendeckendes Berufsschulnetz vor. Als Faktoren für gelingende Steuerungsprozesse (in ländlich-peripheren Räumen) zeigten sich das Subsidaritätsprinzip, ein gemeinsam geteiltes Professionsverständnis sowie die Orientierung auf einen gewissen räumlichen Ausgleich. Erfolgreiche Interventionen gegen Konzentration basierten maßgeblich auf einem ausgeprägten, fachlichen „Selbstbewusstsein“ und Anspruch von Bildungsorganisationen. Demgegenüber konnten unspezifische Bezugnahmen auf Peripherisierungen keine handlungswirksamen Strategien entfalten. Teilentwicklungen im Schulberufssystem sind durch die Expansion privater Berufsschulen in einen ausgeprägten institutionellen Wandel eingebettet. Die Infrastrukturentwicklung führte in diesem Segment zur Ausbildung eines spezifischen Marktes, der teilweise nur begrenzt einem klassischen Angebots-Nachfrage-Modell folgt und potentiell zu Überausbildung führt. Die vorgefundenen Steuerungsformen sind angesichts von Ressourcenmangel, der sektoralen Zersplitterung sowie des Mangels an Institutionen für die Ausbildung von Regionen als Handlungsräume in der Berufsausbildung ambivalent. Der demografische Diskurs führte (bisher) nicht zur Ausbildung von Steuerungsformen, welche die in der Infrastrukturgestaltung dominierenden, sektoralen Zuständigkeiten „überwinden“. Daher fungiert der Diskurs teilweise nur begrenzt als eine neue Orientierung für die Ausbildung von „peripheriespezifischen“ Infrastrukturstrategien und alternativen Steuerungsmodellen. Er kann dann neue, über klassische Anpassungsprozesse hinausgehende, Optionen generieren, wenn er sich stärker auf die Bedarfe der Akteure und Adressaten von Berufsbildung im ländlichen Raum bezieht und enger mit den Fachdiskursen verbindet. N2 - Due to the strong numeral decline in students in Eastern Germany, science and educational policy since the mid-2000s has been paying closer attention to the question of how to organize the infrastructure of vocational education in rural and peripheric areas. On the one hand, there is an expectation that the ongoing demographic trend might fix the problem of the lack of apprenticeship positions in these areas. This lack has been precarious for a long time. On the other hand, it is unclear to what extent the adapting processes of the infrastructure, such as the closing of vocational schools, might lead to the formation of new spatial disparities. The work in hand deals with the current situation of vocational schools taking the following aspects into account: How can the very complex infrastructure of vocational schools be organized in regions with a low population density as well as with a difficult regional economic situation? What management tools are being applied in the forthcoming process of removing the infrastructure? In which ways are demographic developments, structural factors as well as the actions of various actors influencial here? The research especially focusses on the theoretical and empirical connection between space-related issues and the complexity of vocational schools as institutions that are embedded in the educational as well as the economic system. The research in hand is an analysis of the vocational school network in Brandenburg and its development since the 1990s. It is empirically also based on a case study of the rural district Uckermark. Contrary to the assumption of a steep decline of infrastructure provision due to the demographic trend, it is shown that the vocational education in Brandenburg has been characterized by a relative stability since the 2000s. However, there has been a spatial thinning process in the range of trained professions. In 2013, an area-wide vocational school network existed only for 41% of all young trainees in Brandenburg. The subsidiarity principle, a common understanding of profession among the relevant actors as well as the concept of a certain geographic balance proved to be factors for successful management processes. Successful interventions against the closing of vocational infrastructures were mainly based on the educational organizations’ strong, professional "self-confidence" and high standards. In contrast to that, unspecific attempts against peripherization did not result in effective strategies. A part of the ongoing developments in the area of vocational training is embedded in a strong institutional change due to the expansion of private vocational schools. The infrastructural development in this segment results in the emergence of a specific educational market. This market only partially follows a classic supply-demand model and potentially leads to "overtraining". The managing instruments that were found to be applied in the infrastructural change are ambivalent in terms of limited resources, sectoral fragmentation and the lack of institutions that are able to turn peripheric regions into areas of action in vocational training. The demographic discourse has not (yet) created new management instruments that are able to "overcome" the sectoral and institutional fragmentation of the vocational training system. Therefore, the potential of this discourse is limited when it comes to developing new or alternative vocational training strategies for infrastructures in rural and peripheric areas. The demographic discourse has the potential to generate new options, going beyond classic adaptation processes, if and when it focusses more strongly on the needs of the actors and users in vocational education in rural areas as well as connects more closely with the specialized educational and other discourses. T3 - Praxis Kultur- und Sozialgeographie | PKS - 60 KW - Berufsschule KW - ländlicher Raum KW - berufliche Bildung KW - Infrastruktur KW - vocational schools KW - rural areas KW - vocational training KW - infrastructure Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-89827 SN - 978-3-86956-365-7 SN - 0934-716X SN - 1868-2499 IS - 60 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Schwaneberger, Daniel T1 - Das wirtschaftspolitische Konzept Brandenburgs auf dem Prüfstand "Stärken stärken - mehr Wirtschaftswachstum für mehr Beschäftigung" für das Branchenkompetenzfeld Metall im Regionalen Wachstumskern Frankfurt (Oder)/ Eisenhüttenstadt? BT - Analyse - Bewertung - Handlungsempfehlung Y1 - 2016 ER -