TY - JOUR A1 - Giannetti, Daniela A1 - Umansky, Karen A1 - Sened, Itai T1 - The entry of the M5S and the reshaping of party politics in Italy (2008–2018) JF - Government & opposition N2 - This article examines how challenger parties enter the political arena and the effect of this entry by looking at the Italian 5 Star Movement (Movimento 5 Stelle – M5S). We explain the M5S's entry strategy in 2013 using the spatial approach to party competition and employing expert survey data collected for each national election between 2008 and 2018. These data allow us to analyse the changing spatial configuration of Italian politics due to the increasing salience of pro/anti-EU and pro/anti-immigration dimensions. We then apply the theoretical notion of the uncovered set (UCS) to trace how the M5S's entry reshaped the overall space of party competition, causing a realignment of existing parties. This work contributes to the ongoing debate on the electoral success of challenger parties and the emerging cleavages and polarization of party systems in Western European countries. KW - populist parties KW - issue salience KW - uncovered set KW - 5 star movement KW - Italy Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2022.38 SN - 0017-257X SN - 1477-7053 VL - 59 IS - 2 SP - 464 EP - 481 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hamann, Julian A1 - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian ED - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian ED - Bernhard, Stefan T1 - The double function of rankings BT - consecration and dispositif in transnational academic fields T2 - Charting transnational fields N2 - Rankings have grown in importance in the last decades. This is particularly evident in, but not limited to, academia. In this paper, we propose a power analytical take on academic rankings as a transnational(izing) phenomenon. In doing so, we make two contributions. First, we develop a conceptual definition of rankings as consecratory institutions. After providing an overview of the most prominent types of rankings in the academic field and discussing the different forms they can take, we suggest that rankings operate through subjectivation, zero-sum comparisons, quantification, publication and generating a doxical belief. Second, we propose that rankings fulfil a strategic double function. As a particularly momentous consecratory institution, rankings propel power shifts in the academic field and beyond by preferring (and being pushed by) specific academic milieus, types of agents, paradigms, and strategies. As a dispositif, rankings operate at the intersection of different fields, open academic fields up for a lay audience and advance processes of transnationalization by facilitating new modes of governance for hubs of state institutions, private corporations, media corporations, and data providers. Concluding, we argue that the consecration and dispositif functions rely on some basic principles of the practical functioning of rankings. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-0-429-27494-7 SN - 978-0-367-22418-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429274947-10 SP - 160 EP - 177 PB - Routledge CY - Abingdon ; New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian A1 - Bernhard, Stefan ED - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian ED - Bernhard, Stefan T1 - How to chart transnational fields BT - introduction to a methodology for a political sociology of knowledge T2 - Charting transnational fields N2 - In this programmatic introduction, we lay out the foundations of an approach to analyzing knowledge-based political phenomena beyond the nation state from a field perspective. We understand transnational field analysis as a research program comprising genuine theoretical and methodological assumptions. While extant research is well aware of the theoretical assumptions of transnational field analysis, there is thus far relatively little awareness of the importance of its methodological premises. Addressing this imbalanced picture, we identify five methodological principles and specify consequences for studies of transnational fields. Our approach emphasizes that performing transnational field analysis goes beyond “taking a theory to the field”; it means engaging in and reflecting upon a complex research process that simultaneously draws upon and constructs theories of fields. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-0-429-27494-7 SN - 978-0-367-22418-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429274947-1 SP - 1 EP - 33 PB - Routledge CY - Abingdon ; New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian T1 - French economists and the symbolic power of (post-)national scopes of capital BT - taking sides in discourses of crises, 2008–2021 JF - Serendipities : journal for the sociology and history of the social sciences N2 - The paper argues that economists’ position-taking in discourses of crises should be understood in the light of economists’ positions in the academic field of economics. This hypothesis is investigated by performing a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) on a prosopographical data set of 144 French economists who positioned themselves between 2008 and 2021 in controversies over the euro crisis, the French political economic model, and French economics. In these disciplinary controversies, different forms of (post-)national academic capital are used by economists to either initiate change or defend the status quo. These strategies are then interpreted as part of more general power struggles over the basic national or post-national constitution and legitimate governance of economy and society. KW - transnationalization KW - economic thought KW - economic crisis KW - field theory KW - history of the social sciences Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7146/serendipities.v8i1-2.133990 SN - 2521-0947 VL - 8 IS - 1-2 SP - 77 EP - 108 PB - Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz CY - Graz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian A1 - Schmitz, Andreas T1 - Divided we stand, united we fall? BT - structure and struggles of contemporary German sociology JF - International review of sociology N2 - This contribution presents an analysis of the structure and conflictual dynamics of contemporary German sociology which has recently separated into two professional societies. Using geometric data analysis, we present an empirical construction of the power/knowledge structure of the field, its paradigmatic plurality, and the various forms of sociological practices involved. KW - German sociology KW - scientific fields KW - geometric data analysis KW - class-specific analysis KW - prosopography Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2023.2244170 SN - 0390-6701 SN - 1469-9273 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 512 EP - 545 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lim, Misun A1 - Samper Mejia, Cristina T1 - Race and cohort differences in family status in the United States JF - Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world N2 - In this visualization, the authors show changes in family patterns by different race groups across two cohorts. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (born from 1957 to 1965) and 1997 (born from 1980 to 1984), the authors visualize the relationship-parenthood state distributions at each age between 15 and 35 years by race and cohort. The results suggest the rise of cohabiting mothers and the decline of married and divorced mothers among women born from 1980 to 1984. Black women born from 1980 to 1984 were more likely to experience single/childless and single/parent status compared with Black women born from 1957 to 1965. Although with some visible postponement in the recent cohort, white women in both cohorts were more likely to experience married/parent status than other race groups. The decline in married/parent status across the two generations was sharpest among Hispanic women. These descriptive findings highlight the importance of identifying race when discussing changes in family formation and dissolution trends across generations. KW - family KW - race KW - cohort KW - demography KW - data visualization Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231241241041 SN - 2378-0231 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Sage Publications CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rodríguez Sánchez, Alejandra A1 - Wucherpfennig, Julian A1 - Rischke, Ramona A1 - Iacus, Stefano Maria T1 - Search-and-rescue in the Central Mediterranean Route does not induce migration BT - predictive modeling to answer causal queries in migration research JF - Scientific reports N2 - State- and private-led search-and-rescue are hypothesized to foster irregular migration (and thereby migrant fatalities) by altering the decision calculus associated with the journey. We here investigate this ‘pull factor’ claim by focusing on the Central Mediterranean route, the most frequented and deadly irregular migration route towards Europe during the past decade. Based on three intervention periods—(1) state-led Mare Nostrum, (2) private-led search-and-rescue, and (3) coordinated pushbacks by the Libyan Coast Guard—which correspond to substantial changes in laws, policies, and practices of search-and-rescue in the Mediterranean, we are able to test the ‘pull factor’ claim by employing an innovative machine learning method in combination with causal inference. We employ a Bayesian structural time-series model to estimate the effects of these three intervention periods on the migration flow as measured by crossing attempts (i.e., time-series aggregate counts of arrivals, pushbacks, and deaths), adjusting for various known drivers of irregular migration. We combine multiple sources of traditional and non-traditional data to build a synthetic, predicted counterfactual flow. Results show that our predictive modeling approach accurately captures the behavior of the target time-series during the various pre-intervention periods of interest. A comparison of the observed and predicted counterfactual time-series in the post-intervention periods suggest that pushback policies did affect the migration flow, but that the search-and-rescue periods did not yield a discernible difference between the observed and the predicted counterfactual number of crossing attempts. Hence we do not find support for search-and-rescue as a driver of irregular migration. In general, this modeling approach lends itself to forecasting migration flows with the goal of answering causal queries in migration research. KW - human behaviour KW - population dynamics Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38119-4 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khalil, Samir A1 - Lietz, Almuth A1 - Mayer, Sabrina J. T1 - Overeducation as moderator for the link between job change and job satisfaction among immigrants and natives in Germany JF - Current psychology N2 - Job satisfaction is a major driver of an individual’s subjective well-being and thus affects public health, societal prosperity, and organisations, as dissatisfied employees are less productive and more likely to change jobs. However, changing jobs does not necessarily lead to higher job satisfaction in the long run. Previous studies have shown, instead, that changing jobs only increases job satisfaction for a short period of time before it gradually falls back to similar levels as before. This phenomenon is known as the ’honeymoon–hangover’ pattern. In our study, we identify an important new moderator of the relation between job change and job satisfaction: the job–education match of job changes. Based on relative deprivation theory, we argue that job changes from being overeducated in a job lowers the likelihood of negative comparisons and thus increases the honeymoon period, lessens the hangover period, and increases long-term job satisfaction. We use data from the Socio-Economic Panel ranging from 1994–2018 and focus specifically on individual periods of employees before and after job changes (n = 134,404). Our results confirm that a change to a job that requires a matched education has a stronger and longer-lasting effect on job satisfaction, and that this effect is slightly lower for respondents born abroad. KW - job satisfaction KW - overeducation KW - job changes KW - honeymoon-hangover KW - immigration Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03695-7 SN - 1046-1310 SN - 1936-4733 VL - 42 IS - 30 SP - 26692 EP - 26708 PB - Springer CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dosdall, Henrik A1 - Löckmann, Teresa T1 - Exploring terrorism prevention BT - an organizational perspective on police investigations JF - Journal of organizational sociology N2 - The article analyzes the investigations conducted by the Berlin police into the subsequent perpetrator of the vehicle-ramming attack at a Berlin Christmas market on December 19, 2016. We explore why the police closed these investigations prematurely and thereby focus on an attempt to prevent lone actor terrorism. The analysis shows that the police closed its investigations owing to organizational dynamics driven by an increasing need to justify further resource investments in the face of absent conclusive evidence and scarce resources in relation to the organizational case ecology. We propose hypotheses for future research and formulate three contributions to existing research on the sociology of police, terrorism prevention, and lone actor research. KW - Berlin Christmas market attack KW - case ecologies KW - investigative routines KW - lone actors KW - police Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/joso-2022-0002 SN - 2752-2997 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 47 EP - 72 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Präg, Patrick A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Richards, Lindsay T1 - Intragenerational social mobility and well-being in Great Britain BT - a biomarker approach JF - Social forces N2 - Social theory has long predicted that social mobility, in particular downward social mobility, is detrimental to the well-being of individuals. Dissociative and “falling from grace” theories suggest that mobility is stressful due to the weakening of social ties, feelings of alienation, and loss of status. In light of these theories, it is a puzzle that the majority of quantitative studies in this area have shown null results. Our approach to resolve the puzzle is two-fold. First, we argue for a broader conception of the mobility process than is often used and thus focus on intragenerational occupational class mobility rather than restricting ourselves to the more commonly studied intergenerational mobility. Second, we argue that self-reported measures may be biased by habituation (or “entrenched deprivation”). Using nurse-collected health and biomarker data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2010–2012, N = 4,123), we derive a measure of allostatic load as an objective gauge of physiological “wear and tear” and compare patterns of mobility effects with self-reports of health using diagonal reference models. Our findings indicate a strong class gradient in both allostatic load and self-rated health, and that both first and current job matter for current well-being outcomes. However, in terms of the effects of mobility itself, we find that intragenerational social mobility is consequential for allostatic load, but not for self-rated health. Downward mobility is detrimental and upward mobility beneficial for well-being as assessed by allostatic load. Thus, these findings do not support the idea of generalized stress from dissociation, but they do support the “falling from grace” hypothesis of negative downward mobility effects. Our findings have a further implication, namely that the differences in mobility effects between the objective and subjective outcome infer the presence of entrenched deprivation. Null results in studies of self-rated outcomes may therefore be a methodological artifact, rather than an outright rejection of decades-old social theory. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soab153 SN - 0037-7732 SN - 1534-7605 VL - 101 IS - 2 SP - 665 EP - 693 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Ox ER -