TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schroeter, Kai
A1  - Kreibich, Heidi
A1  - Vogel, Kristin
A1  - Riggelsen, Carsten
A1  - Scherbaum, Frank
A1  - Merz, Bruno
T1  - How useful are complex flood damage models?
JF  - Water resources research
N2  - We investigate the usefulness of complex flood damage models for predicting relative damage to residential buildings in a spatial and temporal transfer context. We apply eight different flood damage models to predict relative building damage for five historic flood events in two different regions of Germany. Model complexity is measured in terms of the number of explanatory variables which varies from 1 variable up to 10 variables which are singled out from 28 candidate variables. Model validation is based on empirical damage data, whereas observation uncertainty is taken into consideration. The comparison of model predictive performance shows that additional explanatory variables besides the water depth improve the predictive capability in a spatial and temporal transfer context, i.e., when the models are transferred to different regions and different flood events. Concerning the trade-off between predictive capability and reliability the model structure seem more important than the number of explanatory variables. Among the models considered, the reliability of Bayesian network-based predictions in space-time transfer is larger than for the remaining models, and the uncertainties associated with damage predictions are reflected more completely.
KW  - floods
KW  - damage
KW  - model validation
KW  - Bayesian networks
KW  - regression tree
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014396
SN  - 0043-1397
SN  - 1944-7973
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
SP  - 3378
EP  - 3395
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bald, Ilko
A1  - Keller, Adrian
A1  - Kopyra, Janina
T1  - On the role of fluoro-substituted nucleosides in DNA radiosensitization for tumor radiation therapy
JF  - RSC Advances : an international journal to further the chemical sciences
N2  - Gemcitabine (2′,2′-difluorocytidine) is a well-known radiosensitizer routinely applied in concomitant chemoradiotherapy. During irradiation of biological media with high-energy radiation secondary low-energy (<10 eV) electrons are produced that can directly induce chemical bond breakage in DNA by dissociative electron attachment (DEA). Here, we investigate and compare DEA to the three molecules 2′-deoxycytidine, 2′-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine, and gemcitabine. Fluorination at specific molecular sites, i.e., nucleobase or sugar moiety, is found to control electron attachment and subsequent dissociation pathways. The presence of two fluorine atoms at the sugar ring results in more efficient electron attachment to the sugar moiety and subsequent bond cleavage. For the formation of the dehydrogenated nucleobase anion, we obtain an enhancement factor of 2.8 upon fluorination of the sugar, whereas the enhancement factor is 5.5 when the nucleobase is fluorinated. The observed fragmentation reactions suggest enhanced DNA strand breakage induced by secondary electrons when gemcitabine is incorporated into DNA.
KW  - low-energy electrons
KW  - single-strand breaks
KW  - gas-phase
KW  - chemoradiation therapy
KW  - molecular-mechanisms
KW  - resonant formation
KW  - damage
KW  - attachment
KW  - drugs
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/C3RA46735J
SN  - 2046-2069
VL  - 4
IS  - 13
SP  - 6825
EP  - 6829
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
ER  -