TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wasner, Mirjam
A1  - Moeller, Korbinian
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Nuerk, Hans-Christoph
T1  - Aspects of situated cognition in embodied numerosity: the case of finger counting
JF  - Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science
N2  - Numerical cognitions such as spatial-numerical associations have been observed to be influenced by grounded, embodied and situated factors. For the case of finger counting, grounded and embodied influences have been reported. However, situated influences, e.g., that reported counting habits change with perception and action within a given situation, have not been systematically examined. To pursue the issue of situatedness of reported finger-counting habits, 458 participants were tested in three separate groups: (1) spontaneous condition: counting with both hands available, (2) perceptual condition: counting with horizontal (left-to-right) perceptual arrangement of fingers (3) perceptual and proprioceptive condition: counting with horizontal (left-to-right) perceptual arrangement of fingers and with busy dominant hand. Report of typical counting habits differed strongly between the three conditions. 28 % reported to start counting with the left hand in the spontaneous counting condition (1), 54 % in the perceptual condition (2) and 62 % in the perceptual and proprioceptive condition (3). Additionally, all participants in the spontaneous counting group showed a symmetry-based counting pattern (with the thumb as number 6), while in the two other groups, a considerable number of participants exhibited a spatially continuous counting pattern (with the pinkie as number 6). Taken together, the study shows that reported finger-counting habits depend on the perceptual and proprioceptive situation and thus are strongly influenced by situated cognition. We suggest that this account reconciles apparently contradictory previous findings of different counting preferences regarding the starting hand in different examination situations.
KW  - Finger counting
KW  - Situated cognition
KW  - Number processing
KW  - Finger-digit mapping
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-014-0599-z
SN  - 1612-4782
SN  - 1612-4790
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
SP  - 317
EP  - 328
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Myachykov, Andriy
A1  - Scheepers, Christoph
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Kessler, Klaus
T1  - TEST: A tropic, embodied, and situated theory of cognition
JF  - Topics in cognitive science
N2  - TEST is a novel taxonomy of knowledge representations based on three distinct hierarchically organized representational features: Tropism, Embodiment, and Situatedness. Tropic representational features reflect constraints of the physical world on the agent's ability to form, reactivate, and enrich embodied (i.e., resulting from the agent's bodily constraints) conceptual representations embedded in situated contexts. The proposed hierarchy entails that representations can, in principle, have tropic features without necessarily having situated and/or embodied features. On the other hand, representations that are situated and/or embodied are likely to be simultaneously tropic. Hence, although we propose tropism as the most general term, the hierarchical relationship between embodiment and situatedness is more on a par, such that the dominance of one component over the other relies on the distinction between offline storage versus online generation as well as on representation-specific properties.
KW  - Cognitive tropism
KW  - Embodiment
KW  - Groundedness
KW  - Situatedness
KW  - Language
KW  - Number processing
KW  - Perspective taking
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12024
SN  - 1756-8757
SN  - 1756-8765
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
SP  - 442
EP  - 460
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -