TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scheller, Frieder W.
A1  - Zhang, Xiaorong
A1  - Yarman, Aysu
A1  - Wollenberger, Ulla
A1  - Gyurcsányi, Róbert E.
T1  - Molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors for biopolymers
JF  - Current opinion in electrochemistry
N2  - Electrochemical synthesis and signal generation dominate among the almost 1200 articles published annually on protein-imprinted polymers. Such polymers can be easily prepared directly on the electrode surface, and the polymer thickness can be precisely adjusted to the size of the target to enable its free exchange. In this architecture, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) layer represents only one ‘separation plate’; thus, the selectivity does not reach the values of ‘bulk’ measurements. The binding of target proteins can be detected straightforwardly by their modulating effect on the diffusional permeability of a redox marker through the thin MIP films. However, this generates an ‘overall apparent’ signal, which may include nonspecific interactions in the polymer layer and at the electrode surface. Certain targets, such as enzymes or redox active proteins, enables a more specific direct quantification of their binding to MIPs by in situ determination of the enzyme activity or direct electron transfer, respectively.
KW  - Electropolymerization
KW  - Direct electron transfer
KW  - Redox marker
KW  - Epitope imprinting
KW  - Biomarker
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2018.12.005
SN  - 2451-9103
VL  - 14
SP  - 53
EP  - 59
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bornhorst, Julia
A1  - Kipp, Anna P.
A1  - Haase, Hajo
A1  - Meyer, Soeren
A1  - Schwerdtle, Tanja
T1  - The crux of inept biomarkers for risks and benefits of trace elements
JF  - Trends in Analytical Chemistry
N2  - Nowadays, the role of trace elements (TE) is of growing interest because dyshomeostasis of selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) is supposed to be a risk factor for several diseases. Thereby, research focuses on identifying new biomarkers for the TE status to allow for a more reliable description of the individual TE and health status. This review mirrors a lack of well-defined, sensitive, and selective biomarkers and summarizes technical limitations to measure them. Thus, the capacity to assess the relationship between dietary TE intake, homeostasis, and health is restricted, which would otherwise provide the basis to define adequate intake levels of single TE in both healthy and diseased humans. Besides that, our knowledge is even more limited with respect to the real life situation of combined TE intake and putative interactions between single TE.
KW  - Trace elements
KW  - Copper
KW  - Zinc
KW  - Manganese
KW  - Selenium
KW  - Biomarker
KW  - Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
KW  - Hyphenated techniques
KW  - Isotope ratios
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.007
SN  - 0165-9936
SN  - 1879-3142
VL  - 104
SP  - 183
EP  - 190
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  -