TY - JOUR A1 - Baur, Heiner A1 - Hirschmüller, Anja A1 - Cassel, Michael A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Gender-specific neuromuscular activity of the M. peroneus longus in healthy runners : a descriptive laboratory study N2 - Background: Gender-specific neuromuscular activity for the ankle (e.g., peroneal muscle) is currently not known. This knowledge may contribute to the understanding of overuse injury mechanisms. The purpose was therefore to analyse the neuromuscular activity of the peroneal muscle in healthy runners. Methods: Fifty-three male and 54 female competitive runners were tested on a treadmill at 3.33 m s(-1). Neuromuscular activity of the M. peroneus longus was measured by electromyography and analysed in the time domain (onset of activation, time of maximum of activation, total time of activation) in % of stride time in relation to touchdown (= 1.0). Additionally, mean amplitudes for the gait cycle phases preactivation, weight acceptance and push-off were calculated and normalised to the mean activity of the entire gait cycle. Findings: Onset of activation (mean; female: 0.86/male: 0.90, p<0.0001) and time of maximum of activation (female: 1.13/male: 1.16, p<0.0001) occurred earlier in female compared to male and the total time of activation was longer in women (female: 0.42/male: 0.39, p=0.0036). In preactivation, women showed higher amplitudes (+ 21%) compared to men (female: 1.16/male: 0.92, p<0.0001). Activity during weight acceptance (female: 2.26/male: 2.41, p = 0.0039) and push-off (female: 0.93/male: 1.07, p = 0.0027) were higher in men. Interpretation: Activation strategies of the peroneal muscle appear to be gender-specific. Higher preactivation amplitudes in females indicate a different neuromuscular control in anticipation of touchdown ("pre-programmed activity"). These data may help interpret epidemiologically reported differences between genders in overuse injury frequency and localisation. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02680033 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2010.06.009 SN - 0268-0033 ER - TY - THES A1 - Borković, Vladimir T1 - Evaluation kommunaler Sportprojekte zur sozialen Integration von Heranwachsenden T1 - Evaluation of community sports projects focusing on the social integration of adolescents N2 - Gegenstand der Studie ist die Evaluation eines kommunalen Sportprojekts. Die Forschungsarbeit entstand aus der wachsenden Erkenntnis heraus, dass es nicht mehr nur um die Entwicklung und Durchführung kommunaler oder sozialer Projekte geht, sondern zunehmend darauf ankommt, die Projektarbeit zu evaluieren, um ihren Einfluss auf die kommunale, soziale und personale Entwicklung zu prüfen und in der Folge die Implementierung zu optimieren. Die unterschiedlichen Schritte in der Definition des theoretischen Rahmens, der Datenanalyse sowie der Erarbeitung der evaluativen Empfehlungen wurden unternommen mit dem Anspruch auf Modellcharakter, um für zukünftige Evaluationsvorhaben entsprechende Standards zu setzen. Die Grundidee des kommunalen Sportprojekts „Straßenfußball für Toleranz“ ist innovativ: Mädchen und Jungen erobern durch gemeinsames Fußballspielen den öffentlichen Raum. Sie spielen ohne Schiedsrichter und nach speziellen Regeln. Das Projekt richtet sich ausdrücklich an sozial benachteiligte Jugendliche und bezieht gleichermaßen Jungen wie Mädchen ein. N2 - The objective of the study is the evaluation of a community sports project. The thesis originated from the growing perception that it is not only about initiating and implementing a communal or social project but that the focus is increasingly also on the evaluation of the project work in order to measure its impact on communal, social and personal development and to optimise the implementation as a consequence. The different steps in the definition of the theoretical framework, the data analysis as well as the formulation of the evaluative recommendations were conducted with the pretension to set standards for future evaluation projects. The basic concept of the community sports project “Street Football for Tolerance” is innovative: boys and girls jointly conquer public spaces by playing football. They play without a referee and according to special rules. The project explicitly reaches out to socially disadvantaged adolescents, with the aim that boys and girls are equally involved. KW - Evaluation KW - Sozialisation KW - soziale Integration KW - Straßenfußball KW - evaluation KW - socialisation KW - social integration KW - street football Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-48186 SN - 978-3-86956-051-9 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Sportpsychologie T3 - Basiswissen Psychologie Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-531-16699-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92445-8 PB - VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften / GWV Fachverlage GmbH Wiesbaden CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bunse, Joerg A1 - Killat, S. A1 - Fritze, Frauke A1 - Gellert, Klaus T1 - Rektumkarzinom : Licht und Schatten der multimodalen Therapie Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.karger.com/onk U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000290860 SN - 0378-584X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elbe, Anne-Marie A1 - Strahler, Katharina A1 - Krustrup, Peter A1 - Wikman, Johan A1 - Stelter, Reinhard T1 - Experiencing flow in different types of physical activity intervention programs : three randomized studies N2 - This study explores whether inactive individuals can experience flow, a rewarding, psychological state, during an exercise intervention and if there are differences according to the type of intervention they perform. Furthermore, the study investigates if experiencing flow is connected to physiological improvements attained during the exercise intervention. The 12- to 16-week interventions included six randomized intervention groups, two female and four male groups performing continuous running, football, interval running and strength training. The results indicate that all six randomized exercise intervention groups experience rather high levels of flow regardless of whether the intervention is a team or individual sport. Differences in experiencing flow, worry and exertion as well as physiological improvements could be found for the different types of sports and the two genders, with the male football group having the highest score for physiological improvement and the lowest score for worry. A connection between experiencing flow and physiological improvement could not be found. Future research should investigate the influence that the participant's gender and also the type of sport have on experiencing flow, worry and perceived exertion. Furthermore, it should be investigated whether experiencing flow is linked to the long-term compliance of regular physical activity. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/issn?DESCRIPTOR=PRINTISSN&VALUE=0905-7188 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01112.x SN - 0905-7188 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fimland, Marius S. A1 - Helgerud, Jan A1 - Gruber, Markus A1 - Leivseth, Gunnar A1 - Hoff, Jan T1 - Enhanced neural drive after maximal strength training in multiple sclerosis patients N2 - Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients suffer from impaired muscle activation and lower limb strength. Strength training enhances muscle activation and muscle strength, but neural adaptations to strength training remain unexplored in MS patients. The hypothesis was that maximal strength training (MST) using high loads and few repetitions would improve central neural drive and thus strength capacity of MS patients. 14 MS patients staying at a national MS rehabilitation center were randomly assigned to a MST group or a control group (CG). Both groups received "today's treatment". In addition, the MST group trained 4 x 4 repetitions of unilateral dynamic leg press and plantar flexion 5 days a week for 3 weeks. Neural adaptations of the soleus muscle were assessed by surface electromyography (EMG) activity, and by superimposed H-reflexes and V-waves obtained during maximum voluntary isometric plantar flexor contractions (MVCs). H-reflexes and V-waves were normalized by the M-wave (H (SUP)/M (SUP), V/M (SUP), respectively). In the MST group, MVC increased by 20 +/- A 9% (P < 0.05). Soleus EMG activity and V/M (SUP) ratio increased by 40 and 55%, respectively, in the MST group compared to the CG (P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.05). The H (SUP)/M (SUP) ratio remained unchanged. No change was apparent in the CG. MST group subjects were able to complete all training sessions. No adverse effects were reported. This randomized study provides evidence that MST is effective of augmenting the magnitude of efferent motor output of spinal motor neurons in MS patients, alleviating some neuromuscular symptoms linked to the disease. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/100513 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1519-2 SN - 1439-6319 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Gruber, Markus A1 - Foerderer, Dominik A1 - Strass, Dieter A1 - Gollhofer, Albert T1 - Effects of ankle fatigue on functional reflex activity during gait perturbations in young and elderly men N2 - There is growing evidence that aging and muscle fatigue result in impaired postural reflexes in humans. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of ankle fatigue on functional reflex activity (ERA) during gait perturbations in young and elderly men. Twenty-eight young (27.0 +/- 3.1 years, n = 14) and old (67.2 +/- 3.7 years, n = 14) healthy active men participated in this study. Fatigue of the plantarflexors and dorsiflexors was induced by isokinetic contractions. Pre and post-fatigue, subjects were tested for their ability to compensate for decelerating gait perturbations while walking on a treadmill. Latency, ERA of lower extremity muscles and angular velocity of the ankle joint complex were analysed by means of surface electromyography and goniometry. After the fatigue protocol, no significant main and interaction effects were detected for the parameter latency in m. tibialis anterior (TA). For both groups, a significant pre to post-test decrease in ERA in TA (P<.001) was observed coming along with increases in antagonist coactivity (P=.013) and maximal angular velocity of the ankle joint (p=.007). However, no significant group x test interactions were found for the three parameters. Ankle fatigue has an impact on the ability to compensate for gait perturbations in young and elderly adults. However, no significant differences in all analysed parameters were detected between young and elderly subjects. These results may imply that age-related deteriorations in the postural control system do not specifically affect the ability to compensate for gait perturbations under fatigued condition. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09666362 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.03.016 SN - 0966-6362 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heiss, Christian A1 - Engbert, Kai A1 - Groepel, Peter A1 - Ziegler, Matthias A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Self-leadership and volition : distinct and potentially supplemental constructs? N2 - Self-leadership and volition are conceptually similar concepts. Both propose self-influence strategies that aim to improve the motivation and self-direction necessary to perform well. The present study assesses whether self- leadership strategies maintain construct-specific variance when compared with the similar strategies of volition. Results from a questionnaire study (N=320) indicate that self-leadership and volitional strategies are distinguishable and only moderately (r=.33) correlated. Self-leadership, therefore, supplements volition during goal attainment. Findings are discussed in light of the Rubicon model of action phases. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.ammonsscientific.com/search/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.2466/01.03.07.14.Pr0.107.5.447-462 SN - 0033-2941 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirschmueller, Anja A1 - Frey, Virginie A1 - Deibert, Peter A1 - Konstantinidis, Lukas A1 - Mayer, Frank A1 - Suedkamp, Norbert A1 - Helwig, Peter T1 - Powerdopplersonografische Befunde der Achillessehnen von 953 Langstreckenlaeufern : eine Querschnittsstudie N2 - Aim: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the frequency of tendinopathy-typical Doppler sonographic changes in the Achilles tendons of long distance runners and to correlate these findings with anamnestic and anthropometric data of the subjects. Materials and Methods: 1906 Achilles tendons of 953 long distance runners were examined by ultrasound and power Doppler (Toshiba Aplio SSA-770A/80 12 MHz). Ultrasound images (spindle-shaped thickening, hypoechoic/hyperechoic lesions, neovascularizations) were analyzed in relation to the runners' anthropometrical data and history of Achilles tendon complaints. Results: In asymptomatic runners as well as in the overall group, there was a statistically significant correlation between tendon thickness and age, height and weight (CC 0.24 - 0.38, p < 0.001). Runners with current or healed Achilles tendon complaints displayed a statistically significant thickening of the tendons, as well as an increase in hypoechoic lesions and neovascularizations (p < 0.001). While grayscale abnormalities were rarely found in asymptomatic runners (< 10%), neovascularization was detected in 35% of healthy test persons using the high-resolution power Doppler "Advanced Dynamic Flow". Conclusion: Contrary to frequent assumption, neovascularization is often found in tendons of asymptomatic runners, using modern power Doppler equipment. The pathological relevance of single microvessels in asymptomatic tendons must, therefore, be critically discussed. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.thieme-connect.com/ejournals/toc/ultraschall U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1245189 SN - 0172-4614 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kaiser, Heiko T1 - Der gekaufte Friedenskämpfer : Manfred von Brauchtisch und das "Westdeutsche Komitee für Einheit und Freiheit im deutschen Sport" 1951 - 1956 T2 - Studien zur Zeitgeschichte Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-8300-5403-0 SN - 1435-6635 VL - 76 PB - Kova? CY - Hamburg ER -