TY - JOUR A1 - Marszałek, Magdalena T1 - Barde der konservativen Revolution BT - Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz JF - Osteuropa N2 - Die konservative Revolution in Polen hat ihre Thinktanks, Intellektuellen und ihre Literatur. Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz genießt in rechten Kreisen den Status eines Nationaldichters. Bereits in den frühen 1990ern schloss sich Rymkiewicz den radikalen Kritikern der polnischen Transformation an. Er gehört zu den prominenten Unterstützern der PiS. Sein literarisch fesselndes und politisch brisantes Spätwerk übt großen Einfluss auf die Radikalkonservativen in Polen aus. KW - Polen KW - Literatur KW - konservative Revolution KW - Nationalismus KW - Poland KW - fiction KW - poetry KW - conservative revolution KW - nationalism Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.35998/oe-2020-0022 SN - 0030-6428 SN - 2509-3444 VL - 70 IS - 3-4 SP - 143 EP - 161 PB - Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lewis, Simon A1 - Waligorska, Magdalena T1 - Introduction: Poland’s Wars of Symbols JF - East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures N2 - This introduction to the special section on Poland’s wars of symbols analyzes the symbolic contestation that has characterized the country in recent years, studying a range of phenomena including nation, gender, memory, and religious symbolism within the overall framework of political conflict. In doing so, it offers a multidisciplinary view on political fractures that have resonated throughout Europe and the “West.” Overall, the four case studies in this section study ways in which national symbols, topoi, and narratives have been deployed as tools in drawing and redrawing boundaries within society, polarizing and mobilizing the political camps as well as contesting and resisting power. These studies enable us to situate recent political events in a historical perspective, mapping the rise of populism in Poland against the background of legacies specific to the East-Central European region. KW - Poland KW - nationalism KW - political symbols KW - culture KW - populism Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325418821418 SN - 0888-3254 SN - 1533-8371 VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 423 EP - 434 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Krahe, Barbara T1 - Predictors of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration among Polish University Students BT - a Longitudinal Study JF - Archives of sexual behavior : the official publication of the International Academy of Sex Research N2 - This two-wave study investigated predictors of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration in a convenience sample of 318 Polish university students (214 women), considering males and females from the perspective of both victims and perpetrators. At T1, we assessed participants’ risky sexual scripts (defined as cognitive representations of consensual sexual interactions containing elements related to sexual aggression), risky sexual behavior, pornography use, religiosity, sexual self-esteem, and attitudes toward sexual coercion. These variables were used to predict sexual aggression perpetration and victimization reports obtained 12 months later (T2) for two time windows: (a) since the age of 15 until a year ago and (b) in the past year. As expected, risky sexual scripts were linked to risky sexual behavior and indirectly increased the likelihood of victimization in both time windows. Lower sexual self-esteem predicted sexual victimization since age 15, but not in the past 12 months. Pornography use and religiosity indirectly predicted victimization via risky scripts and behavior. Attitudes toward sexual coercion were a prospective predictor of sexual aggression perpetration. The results extend the international literature on sexual aggression and have implications for sexual education and sexual aggression prevention programs. KW - Youth sexual aggression KW - Sexual scripts KW - Pornography KW - Religiosity KW - Poland Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0823-2 SN - 0004-0002 SN - 1573-2800 VL - 47 IS - 2 SP - 493 EP - 505 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Attitudes towards sexual coercion by Polish high school students: links with risky sexual scripts, pornography use, and religiosity JF - Journal of sexual aggression N2 - The link between cognitive scripts for consensual sexual interactions and attitudes towards sexual coercion was studied in 524 Polish high school students. We proposed that risky sexual scripts, containing risk elements linked to sexual aggression, would be associated with attitudes condoning sexual coercion. Pornography use and religiosity were included as predictors of participants’ risky sexual scripts and attitudes towards sexual coercion. Risky sexual scripts were linked to attitudes condoning sexual coercion. Pornography use was indirectly linked to attitudes condoning sexual coercion via risky sexual scripts. Religiosity showed a positive direct link with attitudes towards sexual coercion, but a negative indirect link through risky sexual scripts. The results are discussed regarding the significance of risky sexual scripts, pornography use, and religiosity in understanding attitudes towards sexual coercion as well as their implications for preventing sexually aggressive behaviour. KW - Sexual scripts KW - attitudes towards sexual coercion KW - pornography KW - religiosity KW - Poland Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2016.1195892 SN - 1355-2600 SN - 1742-6545 VL - 22 SP - 291 EP - 307 PB - Société pour le Progrès des Etudes Philologiques et Historiques CY - Abingdon ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Attitudes towards sexual coercion by Polish high school students BT - links with risky sexual scripts, pornography use, and religiosity N2 - The link between cognitive scripts for consensual sexual interactions and attitudes towards sexual coercion was studied in 524 Polish high school students. We proposed that risky sexual scripts, containing risk elements linked to sexual aggression, would be associated with attitudes condoning sexual coercion. Pornography use and religiosity were included as predictors of participants’ risky sexual scripts and attitudes towards sexual coercion. Risky sexual scripts were linked to attitudes condoning sexual coercion. Pornography use was indirectly linked to attitudes condoning sexual coercion via risky sexual scripts. Religiosity showed a positive direct link with attitudes towards sexual coercion, but a negative indirect link through risky sexual scripts. The results are discussed regarding the significance of risky sexual scripts, pornography use, and religiosity in understanding attitudes towards sexual coercion as well as their implications for preventing sexually aggressive behaviour. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 296 KW - Sexual scripts KW - attitudes towards sexual coercion KW - pornography KW - religiosity KW - Poland Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93450 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Karolewski, Ireneusz Pawel A1 - Mehlhausen, Thomas A1 - Sus, Monika T1 - The Polish EU Council Presidency in 2011: Master or Servant? JF - Journal of European integration N2 - The point of departure of this article is limited systematic research on the rotating EU Council Presidency after the Lisbon Treaty. In order to assess rotating presidencies the paper proposes a three-tier approach which includes a functional, a behavioural and a contingency dimension. These dimensions are supplemented by the institutional changes of the Lisbon Treaty referring to the rotating presidencies. Next, the paper applies this evaluation framework to the Polish Presidency that took place in the second half of 2011. Finally, it draws conclusions from the Polish case for both the leadership capacity of the rotating Council Presidency in the post-Lisbon European Union and the performance of Poland's EU Council Presidency. KW - Poland KW - EU Council Presidency KW - Lisbon Treaty KW - institutional changes KW - functions of Presidency KW - three-tier approach Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2015.1053085 SN - 0703-6337 SN - 1477-2280 VL - 37 IS - 6 SP - 667 EP - 684 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - THES A1 - Uçar, Magdalena T1 - Zeugenschaft im Bild T1 - Visual testimony BT - Strategien der Sichtbarmachung der Shoah im polnischen Dokumentar- und Kunstfilm nach 1989 BT - Strategies of visualization of the Holocaust in Polish documentary and artistic films post-1989 N2 - Zentrales Anliegen der Dissertation ist, Zeugenschaft als visuelle Strategie zu beleuchten. In Abgrenzung zur These der Undarstellbarkeit der Shoah wird der Begriff der Sichtbarmachung nutzbar gemacht, um Prozesse und die Wirkung von Bildern im Zusammenhang mit Zeugenschaft herauszustellen. Ausgangspunkt dabei ist, dass bildliche Zeugnisse einen Gegenpol zu den standardisierten Visualisierungspraktiken der Shoah bieten, sprich dem historischen Bildmaterial aufgenommen durch die Alliierten und der Nationalsozialisten. In der Arbeit wird das historische Bildmaterial als Visualisierungspraxis problematisiert und visuellen Zeugnissen gegenübergestellt, die Augen- und Überlebenszeugen der Shoah, aber auch authentische Orte des Geschehens aus einer nachträglichen Perspektive zeigen. Dabei werden insbesondere zwei kritische Strategien des Umgangs mit historischen Bildern der Shoah hervorgehoben: das Hinterfragen von Archivbildern innerhalb des Films (Harun Farockis AUFSCHUB, 2007) und die Verweigerung von Archivbildern aus der Zeit des Zweiten Weltkrieges (Claude Lanzmanns SHOAH, 1985). Seit den 1990er Jahren wird Zeugenschaft in der Forschung als philosophische, moralische und erkenntnistheoretische Kategorie in den USA, aber auch in Deutschland viel diskutiert. Dabei wurde die bild- und medienwissenschaftliche Perspektive im Zusammenhang mit Zeugenschaft kaum beleuchtet, darin liegt der Forschungsbeitrag der Arbeit. Insbesondere drei Gesichtspunkte von visueller Zeugenschaft werden herausgearbeitet: 1) die Sichtbarmachung der Überlebenden und der Orte des Geschehens im Jetzt, 2) die nichtsprachlichen Aspekte von Zeugenaussagen und 3) die Rolle des Zuschauers, der durch den Akt des Sehens in einem Imaginationsprozess eine Verknüpfung zwischen den Bildern aus der Jetztzeit und der nicht-sichtbaren Vergangenheit herstellt. Polen nimmt eine besondere historische Rolle als Zentrum des europäischen Judentums bis zum Zweiten Weltkrieg und gleichzeitig als »Schauplatz des Holocaust« und Ort der Augenzeugenschaft ein. Maßgeblich hat Claude Lanzmanns Film SHOAH dazu beigetragen, die Konzentrations- und Vernichtungslager im Polen der Nachkriegszeit sichtbar zu machen, und damit nicht nur Generationen von polnischen Filmemachern und Künstlern nach ihm beeinflusst, sondern auch kontroverse Debatten in Polen ausgelöst. Anhand der ausgewählten Filme lässt sich in der polnischen Erinnerungskultur seit der Wende von 1989 eine Hinwendung zur polnisch-jüdischen Geschichte erkennen, die sich verstärkt mit den Fragen der polnischen Mittäterschaft und Schuld an der Shoah auseinandersetzt. Der Untersuchungsgegenstand unterteilt sich in zwei Formate: Dokumentar- und Kunstfilm. Einerseits ist das auf ihre unterschiedlichen Produktions- und Rezeptionsbedingungen sowie die Länge der Arbeiten zurückzuführen. Andererseits bewegen sich die Kategorien auf verschiedenen Reflexionsebenen und zielen auf unterschiedliche Wirkungen beim Zuschauer ab. Während sich in den Dokumentarfilmen zum Teil explizite Bezüge (aber auch Abgrenzungen) zum Lanzmann’schen Projekt erkennen lassen, handelt es sich bei den Produktionen des zeitgenössischen Künstlers Artur Żmijewski um einen Meta-Diskurs, der auf radikale und provokative Art und Weise bestehende erinnerungskulturelle Praktiken ausstellt und kritisch hinterfragt. N2 - The central aim of the thesis is to reflect on testimony as a visual strategy. In comparison to the assumption of the non-representability of the Shoah, the notion of visualization is used in order to describe processes and effects of images in connection with witnessing and testimony. The initial point of the discussion is based on the assumption that visual testimony constitutes an antipole to the standard visualization practices; that is the historical visual material recorded by the Allies and the National Socialists during World War II. Expounding the problems of the historical images, the thesis contracts the historical footage shot during the war period with the visual testimonies given by eyewitnesses and survivors of the Shoah. In particular, two central strategies are pointed out, which show a critical approach to the historical material: the critical examination of the archival footage within the film (Harun Farockis AUFSCHUB, 2007) and the refusal to show archival material shot during World War II (Claude Lanzmanns SHOAH, 1985). Since the 1990s, testimony has been discussed as a philosophical, moral, and epistemological category in the academic discourse in the USA as well as in Germany. However, a perspective of visual or media studies in this context was rarely present, and therefore this thesis wants to contribute to this subject area. Particularly, three aspects of visual testimony are highlighted: 1) the visualization of the witnesses, survivors, and the scenes of the events in the present time, 2) the non-linguistic aspects of giving testimony and 3) the role of the spectator, who combines the images from the present time with the non-visible past by the act of seeing in a process of imagination. Poland has a special historical role as the center of the European Judaism until World War II as well as »scene of the Holocaust« and eyewitnesses. Claude Lanzmann's film SHOAH significantly contributed to the visibility of the concentration and extermination camps in Poland during the postwar period. Thus, his film not only provoked a vivid public dispute in Poland, but also influenced generations of Polish filmmakers and artists. Thereby a shift to Polish-Jewish history has been perceptible in the commemorative culture in Poland since 1989 as well as in the selected films, which increasingly deal with questions of Polish complicity and co-perpetrators of the Shoah. The subject of the work is subdivided in the two different formats: documentary and artistic film. On the one hand this is due to the unequal production and reception conditions as well as the length of the works. On the other hand the categories vary in their different levels of reflection and aim to have an effect on the viewer. While the documentaries explicitly refer to Lanzmann's project to some extent –even though some are distinct to it–, Artur Żmijewski's contemporary artistic productions provide a meta discourse, which radically and provocatively calls into question existing practices of commemorative culture. KW - Zeugenschaft KW - Erinnerungskultur KW - Film KW - Shoah KW - Polen KW - testimony KW - commemorative culture KW - Poland KW - Holocaust KW - film Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406087 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Sexual aggression victimization and perpetration among female and male university students in Poland JF - Journal of Interpersonal Violence N2 - This study examined the prevalence of victimization and perpetration of sexual aggression since age 15 in a convenience sample of 565 Polish university students (356 females). The prevalence of sexual aggression was investigated for both males and females from the perspectives of both victims and perpetrators in relation to three coercive strategies, three different victim–perpetrator relationships, and four types of sexual acts. We also examined the extent to which alcohol was consumed in the context of sexually aggressive incidents. The overall self-reported victimization rate was 34.3% for females and 28.4% for males. The overall perpetration rate was 11.7% for males and 6.5% for females. The gender difference was significant only for perpetration. Prevalence rates of both victimization and perpetration were higher for people known to each other than for strangers. In the majority of victimization and perpetration incidents, alcohol was consumed by one or both parties involved. The findings are discussed in relation to the international evidence and the need for tailored risk prevention and reduction programs. KW - sexual aggression KW - victimization KW - perpetration KW - alcohol KW - Poland Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515609583 VL - 33 IS - 4 SP - 571 EP - 594 PB - Sage CY - Thousand Oaks, Calif. ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Sexual aggression victimization and perpetration among female and male university students in Poland T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This study examined the prevalence of victimization and perpetration of sexual aggression since age 15 in a convenience sample of 565 Polish university students (356 females). The prevalence of sexual aggression was investigated for both males and females from the perspectives of both victims and perpetrators in relation to three coercive strategies, three different victim–perpetrator relationships, and four types of sexual acts. We also examined the extent to which alcohol was consumed in the context of sexually aggressive incidents. The overall self-reported victimization rate was 34.3% for females and 28.4% for males. The overall perpetration rate was 11.7% for males and 6.5% for females. The gender difference was significant only for perpetration. Prevalence rates of both victimization and perpetration were higher for people known to each other than for strangers. In the majority of victimization and perpetration incidents, alcohol was consumed by one or both parties involved. The findings are discussed in relation to the international evidence and the need for tailored risk prevention and reduction programs. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 399 KW - sexual aggression KW - victimization KW - perpetration KW - alcohol KW - Poland Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404807 IS - 399 ER - TY - THES A1 - Grochowska, Marta T1 - Ökonomische, soziale und räumliche Folgen der saisonalen Arbeitsmigration im Herkunftsgebiet : am Beispiel der Region Konin (Polen) T1 - Economic, social and spatial consequences of seasonal migration in the place of origin – case study : Konin (Poland) N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit basiert auf Forschungen in den Jahren 2007-2009. Sie betrachtet die saisonale Arbeitsmigration aus der polnischen Region Konin, wo die Arbeitsmigration aus ökonomischen Gründen, wie auch in ähnlich strukturierten Gebieten Polens, eine lange Tradition hat, die bis ins 19. Jahrhundert zurückgeht. Sie wird die saisonale Migration ins Ausland mit den ökonomischen, sozialen und räumlichen Auswirkungen aus der Perspektive des Einzelnen und seiner unmittelbaren Umgebung, aber auch der Gesellschaft und Herkunftsgebiet der Migranten betrachtet. N2 - Mobility for economic reasons is treated in science primarily from the perspective of permanent resettlement. However, other varieties of migration are more and more often studied. This paper deals with the seasonal migration for economic reasons, which is an important area of migration undertaken for economic reasons. Seasonal migration, which leads to crossing the country borders, in the literature is called the Transnational Migration. Unlike international migration, which is usually connected with a permanent settling in the target area, the concept of Transnational migration describes the situation, in which migrants return to their place of origin and do not give it up as their main residence, but every time they travel to another country to get employed. As a research area of this work, the Konin region was chosen, because - in comparison with other regions in Poland - the phenomenon of a very high level of seasonal migration was observed there. Seasonal labor migration is a long tradition that goes back to 19. century here and in other Polish regions with similar structure. From the results of conducted in 2007−2009 research, some general facts can be drawn. Due to the seasonal work abroad, a seasonal migrant can increase their and their family’s standard of living. If the cost of living in the place of seasonal work is higher than in the place of origin, the profit of such visits is obviously higher if the family of a seasonal worker remains in the place of origin. This leads to the geographic division bet389 ween the place of working and place of permanent residence. Higher wages can be determined at the level of benefits to both personal and societal level. On the other hand, both forprofit workers and society in dealing with this phenomenon, costs cannot be ignored. This paper considers the pros and cons of seasonal paid work, both from the perspective of individuals and their surroundings, and the consequences for society and region of origin of the employee. This paper is considering economic, social and spatial consequences, each time at the macro and micro levels. The study was based primarily on interviews with several respondents and experts in the subject of Polish and German migrations for profit. T3 - Potsdamer Geographische Forschungen - 29 KW - saisonale Arbeitsmigration KW - transnationale Migration KW - Transnationalismus KW - Polen KW - Region Konin KW - Sachsengängerei KW - seasonal labor migration KW - transnational migration KW - transnationalism KW - Poland KW - Konin region KW - Sachsengängerei Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-49649 SN - 978-3-86956-137-0 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER -