TY - JOUR A1 - Kobs, Scarlett A1 - Ehlert, Antje A1 - Lenkeit, Jenny A1 - Hartmann, Anne Therese A1 - Sporer, Nadine A1 - Knigge, Michel T1 - The influence of individual and situational factors on teachers' justice ratings of classroom interactions JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Teachers, as role models, are crucial in promoting inclusion in society through their actions. Being perceived as fair by their students is linked to students' feelings of belonging in school. In addition, their decisions of resource allocations also affect students' academic success. Both aspects underpin the importance of teachers' views on justice. This article aims to investigate what teachers consider to be just and how teacher characteristics and situational factors affect justice ratings of hypothetical student-teacher-interactions. In an experimental design, we randomly varied the description of the interacting student in text vignettes regarding his/her special educational need (SEN) (situational factor). We also collected data on teachers' attitudes toward inclusion and experiences with persons with disabilities (individual factors). A sample of in-service teachers in Germany (N = 2,254) rated randomized versions of two text vignettes. To also consider the effect of professional status, a sample of pre-service teachers (N = 275) did the same. Linear mixed effect models point to a negative effect of the SEN on justice ratings, meaning situations in which the interacting student is described with a SEN were rated less just compared to the control condition. As the interacting student in the situations was treated worse than the rest, this was indicative for the application of the need principle. Teachers with more positive attitudes toward inclusion rated the vignettes as significantly less just. Professional status also had a negative effect on justice ratings, with in-service teachers rating the interactions significantly lower than the pre-service teachers. Our results suggest that the teachers applied the principle of need in their ratings. Implications for inclusive teaching practices and future research are discussed further. KW - classroom interactions KW - justice KW - special educational need KW - ratings KW - inclusion Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.789110 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lenkeit, Jenny A1 - Hartmann, Anne A1 - Ehlert, Antje A1 - Knigge, Michel A1 - Spörer, Nadine T1 - Effects of special educational needs and socioeconomic status on academic achievement BT - Separate or confounded? JF - International Journal of Educational Research N2 - Germany is continuously expanding its inclusive education system. Research provides evidence that students with special educational needs (SEN) in inclusive school settings show lower academic achievement and come from lower socioeconomic backgrounds than their peers without SEN. Identifying to what extent the disadvantages originating from both characteristics are confounded in predicting academic achievement, has been neglected in the German educational context. Using data of 1711 primary and secondary school students from a longitudinal study in the state of Brandenburg, this study evaluates to what degree SEN (in the areas of learning and emotional-social difficulties) and socioeconomic background (SES) are confounded in predicting academic initial achievement in reading and mathematics as well as their development over time. Using multilevel modelling techniques that nest three measurement points into students and students into classes, results identify SES and SEN as relevant predictors of achievement status and growth in both subjects. Only few and small mediation effects of SES were found, indicating that both SES and SEN remain independent risk factors for achievement. Understanding the origins of student disadvantage can help teachers to make better informed choices for designing support measures and aid policymakers' reasoning for resource allocations. KW - Special educational needs KW - Socioeconomic background KW - Multiple disparities KW - Longitudinal KW - Hierarchical linear modelling Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2022.101957 SN - 0883-0355 VL - 113 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spörer, Nadine A1 - Lenkeit, Jenny A1 - Bosse, Stefanie A1 - Hartmann, Anne A1 - Ehlert, Antje A1 - Knigge, Michel T1 - Students’ perspective on inclusion BT - Relations of attitudes towards inclusive education and self-perceptions of peer relations JF - International journal of educational research N2 - The goal of the present study was to analyze how students' attitudes towards inclusive education develop over the course of a school year and how these attitudes relate to students' peer relations. Sixth- and seventh-graders of 44 inclusive classes filled out a questionnaire at two measurement points within one school year to assess attitudes towards inclusive education and peer relations. Applying multilevel regression analyses it turned out that changes in peer relations over time were positively predicted by students' attitudes towards instructional adaptations for students with behaviour difficulties. Further, students with self-perceived behavior difficulties reported lower scores for peer relations compared to students without self-perceived difficulties. Results are discussed with respect to structural factors and individual characteristics affecting inclusive education. KW - peer relations KW - inclusion KW - students KW - attitudes KW - special educational KW - needs Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101641 SN - 0883-0355 SN - 2666-3740 VL - 103 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jaeuthe, Jessica A1 - Lenkeit, Jenny A1 - Bosse, Stefanie A1 - Bogda, Katja A1 - Spörer, Nadine T1 - Die Bedeutsamkeit individueller Merkmale für die Entwicklung von Rechtschreibkompetenzen in der Grundschule JF - Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und pädagogische Psychologie N2 - Aus theoretischer Sicht existieren verschiedene Merkmale, die einen Einfluss auf die individuelle Entwicklung der Rechtschreibkompetenz von Grundschulkindern ausüben können. Um diese zu analysieren, wurden in der vorliegenden Studie Schreibungen von 607 Schülerinnen und Schülern zu drei Messzeitpunkten (Anfang Klasse 2, Ende Klasse 2, Ende Klasse 3) untersucht. Zur Bestimmung des Rechtschreibkompetenzniveaus wurden Schülerinnen und Schüler mittels latenter Profilanalyse zu den drei Profilen Buchstabenentdeckende (überwiegend nicht lautgetreue Schreibungen), Phonemprofis (überwiegend lautgetreue Schreibungen) und Rechtschreibspezialisten (vor allem korrekte Schreibungen) zugeordnet. Mittels logistischer Regressionen wurde geprüft, welche Zusammenhänge zwischen den individuellen Merkmalen Geschlecht, kognitive Grundfähigkeiten und Arbeitsverhalten und den Zuordnungen zu einem Profil sowie den Wechseln zwischen den Profilen bestehen. Unter Kontrolle des Arbeitsverhaltens zeigten sich keine signifikanten Zusammenhänge mit dem Geschlecht oder der kognitiven Grundfähigkeit. Hingegen konnten bedeutsame Zusammenhänge des Arbeitsverhaltens sowohl mit der Zuordnung zu den Profilen als auch mit den Wechseln zwischen den Profilen Phonemprofis und Rechtschreibspezialisten gefunden werden. N2 - From a theoretical point of view, there are various characteristics influencing the individual development of spelling competence of primary school children. In the present study, 609 students were examined at three measurement points (beginning of class 2, end of class 2, end of class 3). To determine the spelling competence level, latent profile analyses were used to assign the students to three profiles 1) predominantly phonemically incorrect spelling, 2) predominantly phonemically correct spelling and 3) predominantly orthographically correct spelling. Logistic regression analyses included gender, basic cognitive skills, and working behavior as predictors for the assignment to one of the competence levels as well as the change between levels across time. Controlling for working behavior no significant effects of gender or basic cognitive skills are found. However, students’ working behavior significantly influences not only the assignment to the higher levels of spelling competency but also changes between predominantly phonemically correct and predominantly orthographically correct across time. KW - spelling competence KW - longitudinal study KW - logistic regression KW - level of KW - competence KW - working behavior KW - Rechtschreibkompetenz KW - Längsschnittstudie KW - Logistische Regression KW - Kompetenzniveau KW - Arbeitsverhalten Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000223 SN - 0049-8637 SN - 2190-6262 VL - 52 IS - 1-2 SP - 12 EP - 24 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lenkeit, Jenny A1 - Schwippert, Knut A1 - Knigge, Michel T1 - Configurations of multiple disparities in reading performance BT - longitudinal observations across France, Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom JF - Assessment in education : principles, policy & practice N2 - Research provides evidence that gender, immigrant background and socio-economic characteristics present multiple disadvantaging characteristics that change their relative importance and configurations over time. When evaluating inequalities researchers tend to focus on one particular aspect and often use composite measures when evaluating socio-economic characteristics. Neither can fully represent the complexity of students’ various disadvantaging characteristics, which have autonomous associations with attainment and with each other. This paper investigates how the relative importance and configurations of different disadvantaging factors have changed over time to form educational inequalities and how these changes differ across countries. Data from five PISA cycles (2000–2012) for France, Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom are used and configurations of gender, immigration background, parents’ occupational and educational levels, and the number of books at home evaluated. Results enable us to relate changes (or lack thereof) in configurations of disadvantaging factors to recent reforms targeted at reducing educational inequality after the first PISA results. KW - Educational inequalities KW - PISA KW - multilevel linear regression Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2017.1309352 SN - 0969-594X SN - 1465-329X VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 52 EP - 86 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER -