TY - JOUR A1 - Lontsi, Agostiny Marrios A1 - Garcia-Jerez, Antonio A1 - Camilo Molina-Villegas, Juan A1 - Jose Sanchez-Sesma, Francisco A1 - Molkenthin, Christian A1 - Ohrnberger, Matthias A1 - Krüger, Frank A1 - Wang, Rongjiang A1 - Fah, Donat T1 - A generalized theory for full microtremor horizontal-to-vertical [H/V(z,f)] spectral ratio interpretation in offshore and onshore environments JF - Geophysical journal international N2 - Advances in the field of seismic interferometry have provided a basic theoretical interpretation to the full spectrum of the microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio [H/V(f)]. The interpretation has been applied to ambient seismic noise data recorded both at the surface and at depth. The new algorithm, based on the diffuse wavefield assumption, has been used in inversion schemes to estimate seismic wave velocity profiles that are useful input information for engineering and exploration seismology both for earthquake hazard estimation and to characterize surficial sediments. However, until now, the developed algorithms are only suitable for on land environments with no offshore consideration. Here, the microtremor H/V(z, f) modelling is extended for applications to marine sedimentary environments for a 1-D layered medium. The layer propagator matrix formulation is used for the computation of the required Green’s functions. Therefore, in the presence of a water layer on top, the propagator matrix for the uppermost layer is defined to account for the properties of the water column. As an application example we analyse eight simple canonical layered earth models. Frequencies ranging from 0.2 to 50 Hz are considered as they cover a broad wavelength interval and aid in practice to investigate subsurface structures in the depth range from a few meters to a few hundreds of meters. Results show a marginal variation of 8 per cent at most for the fundamental frequency when a water layer is present. The water layer leads to variations in H/V peak amplitude of up to 50 per cent atop the solid layers. KW - Numerical modelling KW - Earthquake hazards KW - Seismic interferometry KW - Site effects KW - Theoretical seismology KW - Wave propagation Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz223 SN - 0956-540X SN - 1365-246X VL - 218 IS - 2 SP - 1276 EP - 1297 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lontsi, Agostiny Marrios A1 - Ohrnberger, Matthias A1 - Krüger, Frank T1 - Shear wave velocity profile estimation by integrated analysis of active and passive seismic data from small aperture arrays JF - Journal of applied geophysics N2 - We present an integrated approach for deriving the 1D shear wave velocity (Vs) information at few tens to hundreds of meters down to the first strong impedance contrast in typical sedimentary environments. We use multiple small aperture seismic arrays in 1D and 2D configuration to record active and passive seismic surface wave data at two selected geotechnical sites in Germany (Horstwalde & Lobnitz). Standard methods for data processing include the Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method that exploits the high frequency content in the active data and the sliding window frequency-wavenumber (f-k) as well as the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) methods that exploit the low frequency content in passive seismic data. Applied individually, each of the passive methods might be influenced by any source directivity in the noise wavefield. The advantages of active shot data (known source location) and passive microtremor (low frequency content) recording may be combined using a correlation based approach applied to the passive data in the so called Interferometric Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (IMASW). In this study, we apply those methods to jointly determine and interpret the dispersion characteristics of surface waves recorded at Horstwalde and Lobnitz. The reliability of the dispersion curves is controlled by applying strict limits on the interpretable range of wavelengths in the analysis and further avoiding potentially biased phase velocity estimates from the passive f-k method by comparing to those derived from the SPatial AutoCorrelation method (SPAC). From our investigation at these two sites, the joint analysis as proposed allows mode extraction in a wide frequency range (similar to 0.6-35 Hz at Horstwalde and similar to 1.5-25 Hz at Lobnitz) and consequently improves the Vs profile inversion. To obtain the shear wave velocity profiles, we make use of a global inversion approach based on the neighborhood algorithm to invert the interpreted branches of the dispersion curves. Within the uncertainty given by the apparent spread of forward models we find that besides a well defined sediment velocity range also a reasonable minimum estimate of bedrock depth and bedrock velocity can be achieved. The Vs estimate for the best model in Horstwalde ranges from similar to 190 m/s at the surface up to similar to 390 m/s in the bottom of the soft sediment column. The bedrock starts earliest around 200 m depth and bedrock velocities are higher than 1000 m/s. In Lobnitz, we observe slightly lower velocities for the sediments (similar to 165-375 m/s for the best model) and a minimum thickness of 75 m. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Active seismic KW - Passive seismic KW - Virtual active seismic KW - Dispersion curves KW - Inversion KW - V-s profiles Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2016.03.034 SN - 0926-9851 SN - 1879-1859 VL - 130 SP - 37 EP - 52 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lontsi, Agostiny Marrios A1 - Ohrnberger, Matthias A1 - Krüger, Frank A1 - Sánchez-Sesma, Francisco José T1 - Combining surface-wave phase-velocity dispersion curves and full microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio for subsurface sedimentary site characterization JF - Interpretation : a journal of subsurface characterization N2 - We compute seismic velocity profiles by a combined inversion of surface-wave phase-velocity dispersion curves together with the full spectrum of the microtremor horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio at two sediment-covered sites in Germany. The sediment deposits are approximately 100 m thick at the first test site and approximately 400 m thick at the second test site. We have used an extended physical model based on the diffuse wavefield assumption for the interpretation of the observed microtremor H/V spectral ratio. The extension includes the interpretation of the microtremor H/V spectral ratio observed at depth (in boreholes). This full-wavefield approach accounts for the energy contribution from the body and surface waves, and thus it allows for inverting the properties of the shallow subsurface. We have obtained the multimode phase velocity dispersion curves from an independent study, and a description of the extracted branches and their interpretation was developed. The inversion results indicate that the combined approach using seismic ambient noise and actively generated surface-wave data will improve the accuracy of the reconstructed near-surface velocity model, a key step in microzonation, geotechnical engineering, seismic statics corrections, and reservoir imaging. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1190/INT-2016-0021.1 SN - 2324-8858 SN - 2324-8866 VL - 4 SP - SQ41 EP - SQ49 PB - Society of Exploration Geophysicists CY - Tulsa ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lontsi, Agostiny Marrios A1 - Jose Sanchez-Sesma, Francisco A1 - Camillo Molina-Villegas, Juan A1 - Ohrnberger, Matthias A1 - Krüger, Frank T1 - Full microtremor H/V(z,f) inversion for shallow subsurface characterization JF - Geophysical journal international N2 - The H/V spectral ratio has emerged as a single station method within the seismic ambient noise analysis field by its capability to quickly estimate the frequency of resonance at a site and through inversion the average profile information. Although it is easy to compute from experimental data, its counter theoretical part is not obvious when building a forward model which can help in reconstructing the derived H/V spectrum. This has led to the simplified assumption that the noise wavefield is mainly composed of Rayleigh waves and the derived H/V often used without further correction. Furthermore, only the right (and left) flank around the H/V peak frequency is considered in the inversion for the subsurface 1-D shear wave velocity profile. A new theoretical approach for the interpretation of the H/V spectral ratio has been presented by Sanchez-Sesmaet al. In this paper, the fundamental idea behind their theory is presented as it applies to receivers at depth. A smooth H/V(z, f) spectral curve on a broad frequency range is obtained by considering a fine integration step which is in turn time consuming. We show that for practical purposes and in the context of inversion, this can be considerably optimized by using a coarse integration step combined with the smoothing of the corresponding directional energy density (DED) spectrum. Further analysis shows that the obtained H/V(z, f) spectrum computed by the mean of the imaginary part of Green's function method could also be recovered using the reflectivity method for a medium well illuminated by seismic sources. Inversion of synthetic H/V(z, f) spectral curve is performed for a single layer over a half space. The striking results allow to potentially use the new theory as a forward computation of the H/V(z, f) to fully invert the experimental H/V spectral ratio at the corresponding depth for the shear velocity profile (Vs) and additionally the compressional velocity profile (Vp) using receivers both at the surface and in depth. We use seismic ambient noise data in the frequency range of 0.2-50 Hz recorded at two selected sites in Germany where borehole information is also available. The obtained 1-D Vs and Vp profiles are correlated with geological log information. Results from shallow geophysical experiment are also used for comparison. KW - Inverse theory KW - Interferometry KW - Site effects Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv132 SN - 0956-540X SN - 1365-246X VL - 202 IS - 1 SP - 298 EP - 312 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hannemann, Katrin A1 - Papazachos, Costas A1 - Ohrnberger, Matthias A1 - Savvaidis, Alexandros A1 - Anthymidis, Marios A1 - Lontsi, Agostiny Marrios T1 - Three-dimensional shallow structure from high-frequency ambient noise tomography: New results for the Mygdonia basin-Euroseistest area, northern Greece JF - Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth N2 - We examine the use of ambient noise cross-correlation tomography for shallow site characterization using a modified two-step approach. Initially, we extract Rayleigh wave traveltimes from correlation traces of vertical component seismic recordings from a local network installed in Mygdonia basin, northern Greece. The obtained Rayleigh wave traveltimes show significant spatial variability, as well as distance and frequency dependence due to the 3-D structure of the area, dispersion, and anelastic attenuation effects. The traveltime data sets are inverted through a surface wave tomography approach to determine group velocity maps for each frequency. The proposed tomographic inversion involves the use of approximate Fresnel volumes and interfrequency smoothing constraints to stabilize the results. In the last step, we determine a final 3-D velocity model using a node-based Monte Carlo 1-D dispersion curve inversion. The reliability of the final 3-D velocity model is examined by spatial and depth resolution analysis, as well as by inversion for different model parameterizations. The obtained results are in very good agreement with previous findings from seismic and other geophysical methods. The new 3-D VS model provides additional structural constraints for the shallow sediments and bedrock structure of the northern Mygdonia basin up to the depth of similar to 200-250 m. Present work results suggest that the migration of ambient tomography techniques from large scales (tens or hundreds of km) to local scales (few hundred meters) is possible but cannot be used as a black box technique for 3-D modeling and detailed geotechnical site characterization. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010914 SN - 2169-9313 SN - 2169-9356 VL - 119 IS - 6 SP - 4979 EP - 4999 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - THES A1 - Lontsi, Agostiny Marrios T1 - 1D shallow sedimentary subsurface imaging using ambient noise and active seismic data T1 - 1D Bildgebung oberflächennaher Sedimente mit Hilfe von Daten der allgemeinen, seismischen Bodenunruhe und Daten der aktiven Seismik N2 - The Earth’s shallow subsurface with sedimentary cover acts as a waveguide to any incoming wavefield. Within the framework of my thesis, I focused on the characterization of this shallow subsurface within tens to few hundreds of meters of sediment cover. I imaged the seismic 1D shear wave velocity (and possibly the 1D compressional wave velocity). This information is not only required for any seismic risk assessment, geotechnical engineering or microzonation activities, but also for exploration and global seismology where site effects are often neglected in seismic waveform modeling. First, the conventional frequency-wavenumber (f - k) technique is used to derive the dispersion characteristic of the propagating surface waves recorded using distinct arrays of seismometers in 1D and 2D configurations. Further, the cross-correlation technique is applied to seismic array data to estimate the Green’s function between receivers pairs combination assuming one is the source and the other the receiver. With the consideration of a 1D media, the estimated cross-correlation Green’s functions are sorted with interstation distance in a virtual 1D active seismic experiment. The f - k technique is then used to estimate the dispersion curves. This integrated analysis is important for the interpretation of a large bandwidth of the phase velocity dispersion curves and therefore improving the resolution of the estimated 1D Vs profile. Second, the new theoretical approach based on the Diffuse Field Assumption (DFA) is used for the interpretation of the observed microtremors H/V spectral ratio. The theory is further extended in this research work to include not only the interpretation of the H/V measured at the surface, but also the H/V measured at depths and in marine environments. A modeling and inversion of synthetic H/V spectral ratio curves on simple predefined geological structures shows an almost perfect recovery of the model parameters (mainly Vs and to a lesser extent Vp). These results are obtained after information from a receiver at depth has been considered in the inversion. Finally, the Rayleigh wave phase velocity information, estimated from array data, and the H/V(z, f) spectral ratio, estimated from a single station data, are combined and inverted for the velocity profile information. Obtained results indicate an improved depth resolution in comparison to estimations using the phase velocity dispersion curves only. The overall estimated sediment thickness is comparable to estimations obtained by inverting the full micortremor H/V spectral ratio. N2 - Oberflächennahe Sedimente wirken oft als Verstärker für einfallende seismische Wellenfelder. Im Rahmen meiner Doktorarbeit konzentriere ich mich auf die Eigenschaften des oberflächennahen Untergrundes von einigen zehn bis zu hundert Metern Sedimentabdeckung. Dabei leite ich Tiefenprofile (1D) der seismische Scherwellengeschwindigkeit (Vs) und wenn möglich auch der Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit (Vp) aus seismischen Daten ab. Diese Informationen sind nicht nur für jede Erdbebenrisikobewertung, Geotechnik- oder Mikrozonierungsaktivität erforderlich, sondern sind auch für die seismische Erkundung und globale Seismologie von Bedeutung, da Standorteffekte in seismischen Wellenformmodellierungen oft vernachlässigt werden. Zuerst wird die herkömmliche Frequenz-Wellenzahl (f - k) Technik verwendet, um die Dispersionskurven der Phasengeschwindigkeit von Oberflächenwellen abzuleiten. Die zugrundeliegenden Daten stammen von Seismometerarrays in unterschiedlichen 1D- und 2D-Konfigurationen. In einem weiteren Schritt wird die Green’s Funktion zwischen verschiedenen Empfängerpaaren aus den Daten des seismischen Arrays geschätzt. Dabei wird die Kreuzkorrelationstechnik verwendet. In einem virtuellen 1D Experiment der aktiven Seismik werden die abgeleiteten Green’s Funktionen der Interstationsdistanz nach geordnet. Dann wird die f-k Technik verwendet um wiederum Dispersionskurven abzuleiten. Dieser integrierte Ansatz ermöglicht die Analyse einer grösseren Bandbreite für die Dispersionskurven und daher eine verbesserte Auflösung des 1D Tiefenprofils der Scherwellengeschwindigkeit (Vs). In einem zweiten Schritt wird ein neuer Ansatz, basierend auf der diffusen Wellenfeldannahme (engl., Diffuse Field Assumption, DFA), zur Interpretation beobachteter horizontal zu vertikalen Spektralamplitudenverhältnissen (H/V-Spektralverhältnisse), die aus allgemeiner Bodenunruhe abgeleited wurden,genutzt. Diese Theorie wurde im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit erweitert, um nicht nur an der Oberfläche gemessene H/V- Spektralverhältnisse interpretieren zu können sondern auch Messungen in der Tiefe (Bohrloch) und in mariner Umgebung (Ozeanboden). Eine Modellierung und Inversion von synthetischen HV- Spektralverhältnissen für vordefinierte, einfache geologische Strukturen zeigt eine nahezu perfekte Identifikation/Rekonstruktion der Modellparameter (im wesentlichen Vs und in geringerem Maße Vp), wenn die zusätzliche Information von HV- Spektralverhältnissen eines Empfängers in der Tiefe bei der Inversion berücksichtigt wird. Letztlich wurden (i) Phasengeschwindigkeiten von Rayleighwellen, die aus einem Arraydatensatz geschätzt wurden, mit (ii) H/V-Spektralverhältnissen einer Einzelstation kombiniert invertiert, um Tiefen-profile seismischer Geschwindigkeiten (Vs, Vp) zu bestimmen. Die Ergebnisse deuten daraufhin, dass sich mit einer kombinierte Inversion seismische Geschwindigkeiten bis in größere Tiefen bestimmen lassen, verglichen mit der Inversion von nur Phasengeschwindigkeiten allein. Die geschätzte Gesamtmächtigkeit von Oberflächensedimenten aufgrund der kombinierten Inversion ist vergleichbar mit der, abgleitet von nur H/V-Spektralverhältnissen. KW - active seismic KW - passive seismic KW - virtual active seismic KW - dispersion curves KW - inversion KW - Vs profiles KW - inverse theory KW - interferometry KW - site effects KW - aktive Seismik KW - passive Seismik KW - virtuelle aktive Seismik KW - Dispersionskurven KW - Inversion KW - Vs Profile KW - Inversionstheorie KW - Interferometrie KW - Standorteffekte Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-103807 ER -