TY  - JOUR
A1  - Terao, Mineko
A1  - Garattini, Enrico
A1  - Romão, Maria João
A1  - Leimkühler, Silke
T1  - Evolution, expression, and substrate specificities of aldehyde oxidase enzymes in eukaryotes
JF  - The journal of biological chemistry
N2  - Aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) are a small group of enzymes belonging to the larger family of molybdo-flavoenzymes, along with the well-characterized xanthine oxidoreductase. The two major types of reactions that are catalyzed by AOXs are the hydroxylation of heterocycles and the oxidation of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. Different animal species have different complements of AOX genes. The two extremes are represented in humans and rodents; whereas the human genome contains a single active gene (AOX1), those of rodents, such as mice, are endowed with four genes (Aox1-4), clustering on the same chromosome, each encoding a functionally distinct AOX enzyme. It still remains enigmatic why some species have numerous AOX enzymes, whereas others harbor only one functional enzyme. At present, little is known about the physiological relevance of AOX enzymes in humans and their additional forms in other mammals. These enzymes are expressed in the liver and play an important role in the metabolisms of drugs and other xenobiotics. In this review, we discuss the expression, tissue-specific roles, and substrate specificities of the different mammalian AOX enzymes and highlight insights into their physiological roles.
KW  - metalloenzyme
KW  - molybdenum
KW  - mouse
KW  - drug metabolism
KW  - flavoprotein
KW  - xenobiotic
KW  - oxidase
KW  - oxygen radicals
KW  - iron-sulfur protein
KW  - aldehyde oxidase (AOX)
KW  - enzyme evolution
KW  - metal-containing enzyme
KW  - molybdenum cofactor (Moco)
KW  - molybdo-flavoenzyme
KW  - 2Fe-2S cluster
KW  - flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.REV119.007741
SN  - 0021-9258
SN  - 1083-351X
VL  - 295
IS  - 16
SP  - 5377
EP  - 5389
PB  - American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
CY  - Rockville
ER  -