TY - JOUR A1 - van Kleunen, Mark A1 - Essl, Franz A1 - Pergl, Jan A1 - Brundu, Giuseppe A1 - Carboni, Marta A1 - Dullinger, Stefan A1 - Early, Regan A1 - Gonzalez-Moreno, Pablo A1 - Groom, Quentin J. M. A1 - Hulme, Philip E. A1 - Kueffer, Christoph A1 - Kühn, Ingolf A1 - Maguas, Cristina A1 - Maurel, Noelie A1 - Novoa, Ana A1 - Parepa, Madalin A1 - Pysek, Petr A1 - Seebens, Hanno A1 - Tanner, Rob A1 - Touza, Julia A1 - Verbrugge, Laura A1 - Weber, Ewald A1 - Dawson, Wayne A1 - Kreft, Holger A1 - Weigelt, Patrick A1 - Winter, Marten A1 - Klonner, Guenther A1 - Talluto, Matthew V. A1 - Dehnen-Schmutz, Katharina T1 - The changing role of ornamental horticulture in alien plant invasions JF - Biological reviews N2 - The number of alien plants escaping from cultivation into native ecosystems is increasing steadily. We provide an overview of the historical, contemporary and potential future roles of ornamental horticulture in plant invasions. We show that currently at least 75% and 93% of the global naturalised alien flora is grown in domestic and botanical gardens, respectively. Species grown in gardens also have a larger naturalised range than those that are not. After the Middle Ages, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, a global trade network in plants emerged. Since then, cultivated alien species also started to appear in the wild more frequently than non-cultivated aliens globally, particularly during the 19th century. Horticulture still plays a prominent role in current plant introduction, and the monetary value of live-plant imports in different parts of the world is steadily increasing. Historically, botanical gardens - an important component of horticulture - played a major role in displaying, cultivating and distributing new plant discoveries. While the role of botanical gardens in the horticultural supply chain has declined, they are still a significant link, with one-third of institutions involved in retail-plant sales and horticultural research. However, botanical gardens have also become more dependent on commercial nurseries as plant sources, particularly in North America. Plants selected for ornamental purposes are not a random selection of the global flora, and some of the plant characteristics promoted through horticulture, such as fast growth, also promote invasion. Efforts to breed non-invasive plant cultivars are still rare. Socio-economical, technological, and environmental changes will lead to novel patterns of plant introductions and invasion opportunities for the species that are already cultivated. We describe the role that horticulture could play in mediating these changes. We identify current research challenges, and call for more research efforts on the past and current role of horticulture in plant invasions. This is required to develop science-based regulatory frameworks to prevent further plant invasions. KW - botanical gardens KW - climate change KW - horticulture KW - naturalised plants KW - ornamental plants KW - pathways KW - plant invasions KW - plant nurseries KW - trade KW - weeds Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12402 SN - 1464-7931 SN - 1469-185X VL - 93 IS - 3 SP - 1421 EP - 1437 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van Kleunen, Mark A1 - Dawson, Wayne A1 - Essl, Franz A1 - Pergl, Jan A1 - Winter, Marten A1 - Weber, Ewald A1 - Kreft, Holger A1 - Weigelt, Patrick A1 - Kartesz, John A1 - Nishino, Misako A1 - Antonova, Liubov A. A1 - Barcelona, Julie F. A1 - Cabezas, Francisco J. A1 - Cardenas, Dairon A1 - Cardenas-Toro, Juliana A1 - Castano, Nicolas A1 - Chacon, Eduardo A1 - Chatelain, Cyrille A1 - Ebel, Aleksandr L. A1 - Figueiredo, Estrela A1 - Fuentes, Nicol A1 - Groom, Quentin J. A1 - Henderson, Lesley A1 - Inderjit, A1 - Kupriyanov, Andrey A1 - Masciadri, Silvana A1 - Meerman, Jan A1 - Morozova, Olga A1 - Moser, Dietmar A1 - Nickrent, Daniel L. A1 - Patzelt, Annette A1 - Pelser, Pieter B. A1 - Baptiste, Maria P. A1 - Poopath, Manop A1 - Schulze, Maria A1 - Seebens, Hanno A1 - Shu, Wen-sheng A1 - Thomas, Jacob A1 - Velayos, Mauricio A1 - Wieringa, Jan J. A1 - Pysek, Petr T1 - Global exchange and accumulation of non-native plants JF - Nature : the international weekly journal of science N2 - All around the globe, humans have greatly altered the abiotic and biotic environment with ever-increasing speed. One defining feature of the Anthropocene epoch(1,2) is the erosion of biogeographical barriers by human-mediated dispersal of species into new regions, where they can naturalize and cause ecological, economic and social damage(3). So far, no comprehensive analysis of the global accumulation and exchange of alien plant species between continents has been performed, primarily because of a lack of data. Here we bridge this knowledge gap by using a unique global database on the occurrences of naturalized alien plant species in 481 mainland and 362 island regions. In total, 13,168 plant species, corresponding to 3.9% of the extant global vascular flora, or approximately the size of the native European flora, have become naturalized somewhere on the globe as a result of human activity. North America has accumulated the largest number of naturalized species, whereas the Pacific Islands show the fastest increase in species numbers with respect to their land area. Continents in the Northern Hemisphere have been the major donors of naturalized alien species to all other continents. Our results quantify for the first time the extent of plant naturalizations worldwide, and illustrate the urgent need for globally integrated efforts to control, manage and understand the spread of alien species. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14910 SN - 0028-0836 SN - 1476-4687 VL - 525 IS - 7567 SP - 100 EP - + PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seebens, Hanno A1 - Essl, Franz A1 - Dawson, Wayne A1 - Fuentes, Nicol A1 - Moser, Dietmar A1 - Pergl, Jan A1 - Pysek, Petr A1 - van Kleunen, Mark A1 - Weber, Ewald A1 - Winter, Marten A1 - Blasius, Bernd T1 - Global trade will accelerate plant invasions in emerging economies under climate change JF - Global change biology N2 - Trade plays a key role in the spread of alien species and has arguably contributed to the recent enormous acceleration of biological invasions, thus homogenizing biotas worldwide. Combining data on 60-year trends of bilateral trade, as well as on biodiversity and climate, we modeled the global spread of plant species among 147 countries. The model results were compared with a recently compiled unique global data set on numbers of naturalized alien vascular plant species representing the most comprehensive collection of naturalized plant distributions currently available. The model identifies major source regions, introduction routes, and hot spots of plant invasions that agree well with observed naturalized plant numbers. In contrast to common knowledge, we show that the 'imperialist dogma,' stating that Europe has been a net exporter of naturalized plants since colonial times, does not hold for the past 60 years, when more naturalized plants were being imported to than exported from Europe. Our results highlight that the current distribution of naturalized plants is best predicted by socioeconomic activities 20 years ago. We took advantage of the observed time lag and used trade developments until recent times to predict naturalized plant trajectories for the next two decades. This shows that particularly strong increases in naturalized plant numbers are expected in the next 20 years for emerging economies in megadiverse regions. The interaction with predicted future climate change will increase invasions in northern temperate countries and reduce them in tropical and (sub) tropical regions, yet not by enough to cancel out the trade-related increase. KW - alien vascular plants KW - bioinvasion KW - climate warming KW - global spread KW - imperialist dogma KW - model KW - network of plant invasion Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13021 SN - 1354-1013 SN - 1365-2486 VL - 21 IS - 11 SP - 4128 EP - 4140 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pyšek, Petr A1 - Pergl, Jan A1 - Essl, Franz A1 - Lenzner, Bernd A1 - Dawson, Wayne A1 - Kreft, Holger A1 - Weigelt, Patrick A1 - Winter, Marten A1 - Kartesz, John A1 - Nishino, Misako A1 - Antonova, Liubov A. A1 - Barcelona, Julie F. A1 - Cabezas, Francisco José A1 - Cárdenas López, Dairon A1 - Cárdenas-Toro, Juliana A1 - Castańo, Nicolás A1 - Chacón, Eduardo A1 - Chatelain, Cyrille A1 - Dullinger, Stefan A1 - Ebel, Aleksandr L. A1 - Figueiredo, Estrela A1 - Fuentes, Nicol A1 - Genovesi, Piero A1 - Groom, Quentin J. A1 - Henderson, Lesley A1 - Inderjit, A1 - Kupriyanov, Andrey A1 - Masciadri, Silvana A1 - Maurel, Noëlie A1 - Meerman, Jan A1 - Morozova, Olʹga V. A1 - Moser, Dietmar A1 - Nickrent, Daniel A1 - Nowak, Pauline M. A1 - Pagad, Shyama A1 - Patzelt, Annette A1 - Pelser, Pieter B. A1 - Seebens, Hanno A1 - Shu, Wen-sheng A1 - Thomas, Jacob A1 - Velayos, Mauricio A1 - Weber, Ewald A1 - Wieringa, Jan J. A1 - Baptiste, Maria P. A1 - Kleunen, Mark van T1 - Naturalized alien flora of the world T1 - Naturalizovaná nepůvodní flóra světa BT - species diversity, taxonomic and phylogenetic patterns, geographic distribution and global hotspots of plant invasion BT - druhová diverzita, taxonomické a fylogenetické složení, geografické zákonitosti a globální ohniska rostlinných invazí JF - Preslia : the journal of the Czech Botanical Society N2 - Using the recently built Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database, containing data on the distribution of naturalized alien plants in 483 mainland and 361 island regions of the world, we describe patterns in diversity and geographic distribution of naturalized and invasive plant species, taxonomic, phylogenetic and life-history structure of the global naturalized flora as well as levels of naturalization and their determinants. The mainland regions with the highest numbers of naturalized aliens are some Australian states (with New South Wales being the richest on this continent) and several North American regions (of which California with 1753 naturalized plant species represents the world’s richest region in terms of naturalized alien vascular plants). England, Japan, New Zealand and the Hawaiian archipelago harbour most naturalized plants among islands or island groups. These regions also form the main hotspots of the regional levels of naturalization, measured as the percentage of naturalized aliens in the total flora of the region. Such hotspots of relative naturalized species richness appear on both the western and eastern coasts of North America, in north-western Europe, South Africa, south-eastern Australia, New Zealand, and India. High levels of island invasions by naturalized plants are concentrated in the Pacific, but also occur on individual islands across all oceans. The numbers of naturalized species are closely correlated with those of native species, with a stronger correlation and steeper increase for islands than mainland regions, indicating a greater vulnerability of islands to invasion by species that become successfully naturalized. South Africa, India, California, Cuba, Florida, Queensland and Japan have the highest numbers of invasive species. Regions in temperate and tropical zonobiomes harbour in total 9036 and 6774 naturalized species, respectively, followed by 3280 species naturalized in the Mediterranean zonobiome, 3057 in the subtropical zonobiome and 321 in the Arctic. The New World is richer in naturalized alien plants, with 9905 species compared to 7923 recorded in the Old World. While isolation is the key factor driving the level of naturalization on islands, zonobiomes differing in climatic regimes, and socioeconomy represented by per capita GDP, are central for mainland regions. The 11 most widely distributed species each occur in regions covering about one third of the globe or more in terms of the number of regions where they are naturalized and at least 35% of the Earth’s land surface in terms of those regions’ areas, with the most widely distributed species Sonchus oleraceus occuring in 48% of the regions that cover 42% of the world area. Other widely distributed species are Ricinus communis, Oxalis corniculata, Portulaca oleracea, Eleusine indica, Chenopodium album, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Stellaria media, Bidens pilosa, Datura stramonium and Echinochloa crus-galli. Using the occurrence as invasive rather than only naturalized yields a different ranking, with Lantana camara (120 regions out of 349 for which data on invasive status are known), Calotropis procera (118), Eichhornia crassipes (113), Sonchus oleraceus (108) and Leucaena leucocephala (103) on top. As to the life-history spectra, islands harbour more naturalized woody species (34.4%) thanmainland regions (29.5%), and fewer annual herbs (18.7% compared to 22.3%). Ranking families by their absolute numbers of naturalized species reveals that Compositae (1343 species), Poaceae (1267) and Leguminosae (1189) contribute most to the global naturalized alien flora. Some families are disproportionally represented by naturalized aliens on islands (Arecaceae, Araceae, Acanthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Convolvulaceae, Rubiaceae, Malvaceae), and much fewer so on mainland (e.g. Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Boraginaceae). Relating the numbers of naturalized species in a family to its total global richness shows that some of the large species-rich families are over-represented among naturalized aliens (e.g. Poaceae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Amaranthaceae, Pinaceae), some under-represented (e.g. Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae), whereas the one richest in naturalized species, Compositae, reaches a value expected from its global species richness. Significant phylogenetic signal indicates that families with an increased potential of their species to naturalize are not distributed randomly on the evolutionary tree. Solanum (112 species), Euphorbia (108) and Carex (106) are the genera richest in terms of naturalized species; over-represented on islands are Cotoneaster, Juncus, Eucalyptus, Salix, Hypericum, Geranium and Persicaria, while those relatively richer in naturalized species on the mainland are Atriplex, Opuntia, Oenothera, Artemisia, Vicia, Galium and Rosa. The data presented in this paper also point to where information is lacking and set priorities for future data collection. The GloNAF database has potential for designing concerted action to fill such data gaps, and provide a basis for allocating resources most efficiently towards better understanding and management of plant invasions worldwide. KW - alien species KW - distribution KW - Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database KW - invasive species KW - islands KW - life history KW - mainland KW - naturalized species KW - phylogeny KW - plant invasion KW - regional floras KW - species richness KW - taxonomy KW - zonobiome Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2017.203 SN - 0032-7786 VL - 89 IS - 3 SP - 203 EP - 274 PB - Czech Botanical Soc. CY - Praha ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lenzner, Bernd A1 - Magallon, Susana A1 - Dawson, Wayne A1 - Kreft, Holger A1 - König, Christian A1 - Pergl, Jan A1 - Pysek, Petr A1 - Weigelt, Patrick A1 - van Kleunen, Mark A1 - Winter, Marten A1 - Dullinger, Stefan A1 - Essl, Franz T1 - Role of diversification rates and evolutionary history as a driver of plant naturalization success JF - New phytologist : international journal of plant science N2 - Human introductions of species beyond their natural ranges and their subsequent establishment are defining features of global environmental change. However, naturalized plants are not uniformly distributed across phylogenetic lineages, with some families contributing disproportionately more to the global alien species pool than others. Additionally, lineages differ in diversification rates, and high diversification rates have been associated with characteristics that increase species naturalization success. Here, we investigate the role of diversification rates in explaining the naturalization success of angiosperm plant families. We use five global data sets that include native and alien plant species distribution, horticultural use of plants, and a time-calibrated angiosperm phylogeny. Using phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models, we analysed the effect of diversification rate, different geographical range measures, and horticultural use on the naturalization success of plant families. We show that a family's naturalization success is positively associated with its evolutionary history, native range size, and economic use. Investigating interactive effects of these predictors shows that native range size and geographic distribution additionally affect naturalization success. High diversification rates and large ranges increase naturalization success, especially of temperate families. We suggest this may result from lower ecological specialization in temperate families with large ranges, compared with tropical families with smaller ranges. KW - alien species KW - evolution KW - geographic distribution KW - invasion success KW - plant naturalization KW - range size Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17014 SN - 0028-646X SN - 1469-8137 VL - 229 IS - 5 SP - 2998 EP - 3008 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lenzner, Bernd A1 - Magallon, Susana A1 - Dawson, Wayne A1 - Kreft, Holger A1 - König, Christian A1 - Pergl, Jan A1 - Pysek, Petr A1 - Weigelt, Patrick A1 - van Kleunen, Mark A1 - Winter, Marten A1 - Dullinger, Stefan A1 - Essl, Franz T1 - Role of diversification rates and evolutionary history as a driver of plant naturalization success T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Human introductions of species beyond their natural ranges and their subsequent establishment are defining features of global environmental change. However, naturalized plants are not uniformly distributed across phylogenetic lineages, with some families contributing disproportionately more to the global alien species pool than others. Additionally, lineages differ in diversification rates, and high diversification rates have been associated with characteristics that increase species naturalization success. Here, we investigate the role of diversification rates in explaining the naturalization success of angiosperm plant families. We use five global data sets that include native and alien plant species distribution, horticultural use of plants, and a time-calibrated angiosperm phylogeny. Using phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models, we analysed the effect of diversification rate, different geographical range measures, and horticultural use on the naturalization success of plant families. We show that a family's naturalization success is positively associated with its evolutionary history, native range size, and economic use. Investigating interactive effects of these predictors shows that native range size and geographic distribution additionally affect naturalization success. High diversification rates and large ranges increase naturalization success, especially of temperate families. We suggest this may result from lower ecological specialization in temperate families with large ranges, compared with tropical families with smaller ranges. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1363 KW - alien species KW - evolution KW - geographic distribution KW - invasion success KW - plant naturalization KW - range size Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-569996 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - König, Christian A1 - Weigelt, Patrick A1 - Taylor, Amanda A1 - Stein, Anke A1 - Dawson, Wayne A1 - Essl, Franz A1 - Pergl, Jan A1 - Pyšek, Petr A1 - Kleunen, Mark van A1 - Winter, Marten A1 - Chatelain, Cyrille A1 - Wieringa, Jan J. A1 - Krestov, Pavel A1 - Kreft, Holger T1 - Source pools and disharmony of the world’s island floras JF - Ecography N2 - Island disharmony refers to the biased representation of higher taxa on islands compared to their mainland source regions and represents a central concept in island biology. Here, we develop a generalizable framework for approximating these source regions and conduct the first global assessment of island disharmony and its underlying drivers. We compiled vascular plant species lists for 178 oceanic islands and 735 mainland regions. Using mainland data only, we modelled species turnover as a function of environmental and geographic distance and predicted the proportion of shared species between each island and mainland region. We then quantified the over- or under-representation of families on individual islands (representational disharmony) by contrasting the observed number of species against a null model of random colonization from the mainland source pool, and analysed the effects of six family-level functional traits on the resulting measure. Furthermore, we aggregated the values of representational disharmony per island to characterize overall taxonomic bias of a given flora (compositional disharmony), and analysed this second measure as a function of four island biogeographical variables. Our results indicate considerable variation in representational disharmony both within and among plant families. Examples of generally over-represented families include Urticaceae, Convolvulaceae and almost all pteridophyte families. Other families such as Asteraceae and Orchidaceae were generally under-represented, with local peaks of over-representation in known radiation hotspots. Abiotic pollination and a lack of dispersal specialization were most strongly associated with an insular over-representation of families, whereas other family-level traits showed minor effects. With respect to compositional disharmony, large, high-elevation islands tended to have the most disharmonic floras. Our results provide important insights into the taxon- and island-specific drivers of disharmony. The proposed framework allows overcoming the limitations of previous approaches and provides a quantitative basis for incorporating functional and phylogenetic approaches into future studies of island disharmony. KW - assembly processes KW - biotic filtering KW - dispersal filtering KW - environmental filtering KW - generalized dissimilarity modelling KW - island disharmony KW - island syndromes KW - source regions KW - vascular plants Y1 - 2020 VL - 44 IS - 1 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - GEN A1 - König, Christian A1 - Weigelt, Patrick A1 - Taylor, Amanda A1 - Stein, Anke A1 - Dawson, Wayne A1 - Essl, Franz A1 - Pergl, Jan A1 - Pyšek, Petr A1 - Kleunen, Mark van A1 - Winter, Marten A1 - Chatelain, Cyrille A1 - Wieringa, Jan J. A1 - Krestov, Pavel A1 - Kreft, Holger T1 - Source pools and disharmony of the world’s island floras T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Island disharmony refers to the biased representation of higher taxa on islands compared to their mainland source regions and represents a central concept in island biology. Here, we develop a generalizable framework for approximating these source regions and conduct the first global assessment of island disharmony and its underlying drivers. We compiled vascular plant species lists for 178 oceanic islands and 735 mainland regions. Using mainland data only, we modelled species turnover as a function of environmental and geographic distance and predicted the proportion of shared species between each island and mainland region. We then quantified the over- or under-representation of families on individual islands (representational disharmony) by contrasting the observed number of species against a null model of random colonization from the mainland source pool, and analysed the effects of six family-level functional traits on the resulting measure. Furthermore, we aggregated the values of representational disharmony per island to characterize overall taxonomic bias of a given flora (compositional disharmony), and analysed this second measure as a function of four island biogeographical variables. Our results indicate considerable variation in representational disharmony both within and among plant families. Examples of generally over-represented families include Urticaceae, Convolvulaceae and almost all pteridophyte families. Other families such as Asteraceae and Orchidaceae were generally under-represented, with local peaks of over-representation in known radiation hotspots. Abiotic pollination and a lack of dispersal specialization were most strongly associated with an insular over-representation of families, whereas other family-level traits showed minor effects. With respect to compositional disharmony, large, high-elevation islands tended to have the most disharmonic floras. Our results provide important insights into the taxon- and island-specific drivers of disharmony. The proposed framework allows overcoming the limitations of previous approaches and provides a quantitative basis for incorporating functional and phylogenetic approaches into future studies of island disharmony. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1211 KW - assembly processes KW - biotic filtering KW - dispersal filtering KW - environmental filtering KW - generalized dissimilarity modelling KW - island disharmony KW - island syndromes KW - source regions KW - vascular plants Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-525101 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Essl, Franz A1 - Dawson, Wayne A1 - Kreft, Holger A1 - Pergl, Jan A1 - Pysek, Petr A1 - van Kleunen, Mark A1 - Weigelt, Patrick A1 - Mang, Thomas A1 - Dullinger, Stefan A1 - Lenzner, Bernd A1 - Moser, Dietmar A1 - Maurel, Noelie A1 - Seebens, Hanno A1 - Stein, Anke A1 - Weber, Ewald A1 - Chatelain, Cyrille A1 - Inderjit, A1 - Genovesi, Piero A1 - Kartesz, John A1 - Morozova, Olga A1 - Nishino, Misako A1 - Nowak, Pauline M. A1 - Pagad, Shyama A1 - Shu, Wen-sheng A1 - Winter, Marten T1 - Drivers of the relative richness of naturalized and invasive plant species on Earth JF - AoB PLANTS N2 - Biological invasions are a defining feature of the Anthropocene, but the factors that determine the spatially uneven distribution of alien plant species are still poorly understood. Here, we present the first global analysis of the effects of biogeographic factors, the physical environment and socio-economy on the richness of naturalized and invasive alien plants. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models and variation partitioning to disentangle the relative importance of individual factors, and, more broadly, of biogeography, physical environment and socio-economy. As measures of the magnitude of permanent anthropogenic additions to the regional species pool and of species with negative environmental impacts, we calculated the relative richness of naturalized (= RRN) and invasive (= RRI) alien plant species numbers adjusted for the number of native species in 838 terrestrial regions. Socio-economic factors (per-capita gross domestic product (GDP), population density, proportion of agricultural land) were more important in explaining RRI (similar to 50 % of the explained variation) than RRN (similar to 40 %). Warm-temperate and (sub)tropical regions have higher RRN than tropical or cooler regions. We found that socio-economic pressures are more relevant for invasive than for naturalized species richness. The expectation that the southern hemisphere is more invaded than the northern hemisphere was confirmed only for RRN on islands, but not for mainland regions nor for RRI. On average, islands have similar to 6-fold RRN, and >3-fold RRI compared to mainland regions. Eighty-two islands (=26 % of all islands) harbour more naturalized alien than native plants. Our findings challenge the widely held expectation that socio-economic pressures are more relevant for plant naturalization than for invasive plants. To meet international biodiversity targets and halt the detrimental consequences of plant invasions, it is essential to disrupt the connection between socio-economic development and plant invasions by improving pathway management, early detection and rapid response. KW - Alien species richness KW - biogeography KW - invasion stages KW - islands KW - pressures KW - vascular plants Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plz051 SN - 2041-2851 VL - 11 IS - 5 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dellinger, Agnes S. A1 - Essl, Franz A1 - Hojsgaard, Diego A1 - Kirchheimer, Bernhard A1 - Klatt, Simone A1 - Dawson, Wayne A1 - Pergl, Jan A1 - Pysek, Petr A1 - van Kleunen, Mark A1 - Weber, Ewald A1 - Winter, Marten A1 - Hoerandl, Elvira A1 - Dullinger, Stefan T1 - Niche dynamics of alien species do not differ among sexual and apomictic flowering plants JF - New phytologist : international journal of plant science N2 - We compiled global occurrence data sets of 13 congeneric sexual and apomictic species pairs, and used principal components analysis (PCA) and kernel smoothers to compare changes in climatic niche optima, breadths and unfilling/expansion between native and alien ranges. Niche change metrics were compared between sexual and apomictic species. All 26 species showed changes in niche optima and/or breadth and 14 species significantly expanded their climatic niches. However, we found no effect of the reproductive system on niche dynamics. Instead, species with narrower native niches showed higher rates of niche expansion in the alien ranges. Our results suggest that niche shifts are frequent in plant invasions but evolutionary potential may not be of major importance for such shifts. Niche dynamics rather appear to be driven by changes of the realized niche without adaptive change of the fundamental climatic niche. KW - adaptation KW - asexual reproduction KW - niche shifts KW - plant invasion KW - reproductive system KW - species distribution modelling Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13694 SN - 0028-646X SN - 1469-8137 VL - 209 SP - 1313 EP - 1323 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER -