TY  - JOUR
A1  - Overduin, Pier Paul
A1  - Westermann, Sebastian
A1  - Yoshikawa, Kenji
A1  - Haberlau, Thomas
A1  - Romanovsky, Vladimir E.
A1  - Wetterich, Sebastian
T1  - Geoelectric observations of the degradation of nearshore submarine permafrost at Barrow (Alaskan Beaufort Sea)
JF  - Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface
N2  - Submarine permafrost degradation rates may be determined by a number of interacting processes, including rates of sea level rise and coastal erosion, sea bottom temperature and salinity regimes, geothermal heat flux and heat and mass diffusion within the sediment column. Observations of ice-bearing permafrost in shelf sediments are necessary in order to determine its spatial distribution and to quantify its degradation rate. We tested the use of direct current electrical resistivity to ice-bearing permafrost in Elson Lagoon northeast of Barrow, Alaska (Beaufort Sea). A sharp increase in electrical resistivity was observed in profiles collected perpendicular to and along the coastline and is interpreted to be the boundary between ice-free sediment and underlying ice-bearing submarine permafrost. The depth to the interpreted ice-bearing permafrost increases from <2 m below sea level to over 12 m below sea level with increasing distance from the coastline. The dependence of the saline sediment electrical resistivity on temperature and freezing was measured in the laboratory to provide validation for the field measurements. Electrical resistivity was shown to be effective for detection of shallow ice-bearing permafrost in the coastal zone. Historical coastal retreat rates were combined with the inclination of the top of the ice-bearing permafrost to calculate mean vertical permafrost degradation rates of 1 to 4 cm yr(-1).
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002088
SN  - 0148-0227
VL  - 117
IS  - 14
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Overduin, Pier Paul
A1  - Haberland, Christian
A1  - Ryberg, Trond
A1  - Kneier, Fabian
A1  - Jacobi, Tim
A1  - Grigoriev, Mikhail N.
A1  - Ohrnberger, Matthias
T1  - Submarine permafrost depth from ambient seismic noise
JF  - Geophysical research letters
N2  - Permafrost inundated since the last glacial maximum is degrading, potentially releasing trapped or stabilized greenhouse gases, but few observations of the depth of ice-bonded permafrost (IBP) below the seafloor exist for most of the arctic continental shelf. We use spectral ratios of the ambient vibration seismic wavefield, together with estimated shear wave velocity from the dispersion curves of surface waves, for estimating the thickness of the sediment overlying the IBP. Peaks in spectral ratios modeled for three-layered 1-D systems correspond with varying thickness of the unfrozen sediment. Seismic receivers were deployed on the seabed around Muostakh Island in the central Laptev Sea, Siberia. We derive depths of the IBP between 3.7 and 20.7m15%, increasing with distance from the shoreline. Correspondence between expected permafrost distribution, modeled response, and observational data suggests that the method is promising for the determination of the thickness of unfrozen sediment.
KW  - submarine permafrost
KW  - ambient noise
KW  - Siberia
KW  - continental shelf
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065409
SN  - 0094-8276
SN  - 1944-8007
VL  - 42
IS  - 18
SP  - 7581
EP  - 7588
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Radosavljevic, Boris
A1  - Lantuit, Hugues
A1  - Pollard, Wayne
A1  - Overduin, Pier Paul
A1  - Couture, Nicole
A1  - Sachs, Torsten
A1  - Helm, Veit
A1  - Fritz, Michael
T1  - Erosion and flooding-threats to coastal Infrastructure in the Arctic
BT  - a case study from Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Arctic coastal infrastructure and cultural and archeological sites are increasingly vulnerable to erosion and flooding due to amplified warming of the Arctic, sea level rise, lengthening of open water periods, and a predicted increase in frequency of major storms. Mitigating these hazards necessitates decision-making tools at an appropriate scale. The objectives of this paper are to provide such a tool by assessing potential erosion and flood hazards at Herschel Island, a UNESCO World Heritage candidate site. This study focused on Simpson Point and the adjacent coastal sections because of their archeological, historical, and cultural significance. Shoreline movement was analyzed using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) after digitizing shorelines from 1952, 1970, 2000, and 2011. For purposes of this analysis, the coast was divided in seven coastal reaches (CRs) reflecting different morphologies and/or exposures. Using linear regression rates obtained from these data, projections of shoreline position were made for 20 and 50 years into the future. Flood hazard was assessed using a least cost path analysis based on a high-resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) dataset and current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change sea level estimates. Widespread erosion characterizes the study area. The rate of shoreline movement in different periods of the study ranges from −5.5 to 2.7 m·a⁻¹ (mean −0.6 m·a⁻¹). Mean coastal retreat decreased from −0.6 m·a⁻¹ to −0.5 m·a⁻¹, for 1952–1970 and 1970–2000, respectively, and increased to −1.3 m·a⁻¹ in the period 2000–2011. Ice-rich coastal sections most exposed to wave attack exhibited the highest rates of coastal retreat. The geohazard map combines shoreline projections and flood hazard analyses to show that most of the spit area has extreme or very high flood hazard potential, and some buildings are vulnerable to coastal erosion. This study demonstrates that transgressive forcing may provide ample sediment for the expansion of depositional landforms, while growing more susceptible to overwash and flooding.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 996 
KW  - Arctic
KW  - coastal erosion
KW  - UNESCO
KW  - vulnerability mapping;
KW  - permafrost coasts
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432279
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 996
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Radosavljevic, Boris
A1  - Lantuit, Hugues
A1  - Pollard, Wayne
A1  - Overduin, Pier Paul
A1  - Couture, Nicole
A1  - Sachs, Torsten
A1  - Helm, Veit
A1  - Fritz, Michael
T1  - Erosion and Flooding - Threats to Coastal Infrastructure in the Arctic: A Case Study from Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada (vol 39, pg 900, 2016)
T2  - Estuaries and coasts : journal of the Estuarine Research Federation
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-016-0115-z
SN  - 1559-2723
SN  - 1559-2731
VL  - 39
SP  - 1294
EP  - 1295
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Radosavljevic, Boris
A1  - Lantuit, Hugues
A1  - Pollard, Wayne
A1  - Overduin, Pier Paul
A1  - Couture, Nicole
A1  - Sachs, Torsten
A1  - Helm, Veit
A1  - Fritz, Michael
T1  - Erosion and Flooding-Threats to Coastal Infrastructure in the Arctic: A Case Study from Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada
JF  - Estuaries and coasts : journal of the Estuarine Research Federation
N2  - Arctic coastal infrastructure and cultural and archeological sites are increasingly vulnerable to erosion and flooding due to amplified warming of the Arctic, sea level rise, lengthening of open water periods, and a predicted increase in frequency of major storms. Mitigating these hazards necessitates decision-making tools at an appropriate scale. The objectives of this paper are to provide such a tool by assessing potential erosion and flood hazards at Herschel Island, a UNESCO World Heritage candidate site. This study focused on Simpson Point and the adjacent coastal sections because of their archeological, historical, and cultural significance. Shoreline movement was analyzed using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) after digitizing shorelines from 1952, 1970, 2000, and 2011. For purposes of this analysis, the coast was divided in seven coastal reaches (CRs) reflecting different morphologies and/or exposures. Using linear regression rates obtained from these data, projections of shoreline position were made for 20 and 50 years into the future. Flood hazard was assessed using a least cost path analysis based on a high-resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) dataset and current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change sea level estimates. Widespread erosion characterizes the study area. The rate of shoreline movement in different periods of the study ranges from -5.5 to 2.7 mI double dagger a(-1) (mean -0.6 mI double dagger a(-1)). Mean coastal retreat decreased from -0.6 mI double dagger a(-1) to -0.5 mI double dagger a(-1), for 1952-1970 and 1970-2000, respectively, and increased to -1.3 mI double dagger a(-1) in the period 2000-2011. Ice-rich coastal sections most exposed to wave attack exhibited the highest rates of coastal retreat. The geohazard map combines shoreline projections and flood hazard analyses to show that most of the spit area has extreme or very high flood hazard potential, and some buildings are vulnerable to coastal erosion. This study demonstrates that transgressive forcing may provide ample sediment for the expansion of depositional landforms, while growing more susceptible to overwash and flooding.
KW  - Arctic
KW  - Coastal erosion
KW  - UNESCO
KW  - Vulnerability mapping
KW  - Permafrost coasts
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-015-0046-0
SN  - 1559-2723
SN  - 1559-2731
VL  - 39
SP  - 900
EP  - 915
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zimmermann, Heike Hildegard
A1  - Raschke, Elena
A1  - Epp, Laura Saskia
A1  - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosemarie
A1  - Schwamborn, Georg
A1  - Schirrmeister, Lutz
A1  - Overduin, Pier Paul
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - Sedimentary ancient DNA and pollen reveal the composition of plant organic matter in Late Quaternary permafrost sediments of the Buor Khaya Peninsula (north-eastern Siberia)
JF  - Biogeosciences
N2  - Organic matter deposited in ancient, ice-rich permafrost sediments is vulnerable to climate change and may contribute to the future release of greenhouse gases; it is thus important to get a better characterization of the plant organic matter within such sediments. From a Late Quaternary permafrost sediment core from the Buor Khaya Peninsula, we analysed plant-derived sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) to identify the taxonomic composition of plant organic matter, and undertook palynological analysis to assess the environmental conditions during deposition. Using sedaDNA, we identified 154 taxa and from pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs we identified 83 taxa. In the deposits dated between 54 and 51 kyr BP, sedaDNA records a diverse low-centred polygon plant community including recurring aquatic pond vegetation while from the pollen record we infer terrestrial open-land vegetation with relatively dry environmental conditions at a regional scale. A fluctuating dominance of either terrestrial or swamp and aquatic taxa in both proxies allowed the local hydrological development of the polygon to be traced. In deposits dated between 11.4 and 9.7 kyr BP (13.4-11.1 cal kyr BP), sedaDNA shows a taxonomic turnover to moist shrub tundra and a lower taxonomic richness compared to the older samples. Pollen also records a shrub tundra community, mostly seen as changes in relative proportions of the most dominant taxa, while a decrease in taxonomic richness was less pronounced compared to sedaDNA. Our results show the advantages of using sedaDNA in combination with palynological analyses when macrofossils are rarely preserved. The high resolution of the sedaDNA record provides a detailed picture of the taxonomic composition of plant-derived organic matter throughout the core, and palynological analyses prove valuable by allowing for inferences of regional environmental conditions.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-575-2017
SN  - 1726-4170
SN  - 1726-4189
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
SP  - 575
EP  - 596
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Zimmermann, Heike Hildegard
A1  - Raschke, Elena
A1  - Epp, Laura Saskia
A1  - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosemarie
A1  - Schwamborn, Georg
A1  - Schirrmeister, Lutz
A1  - Overduin, Pier Paul
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - Sedimentary ancient DNA and pollen reveal the composition of plant organic matter in Late Quaternary permafrost sediments of the Buor Khaya Peninsula (north-eastern Siberia)
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Organic matter deposited in ancient, ice-rich permafrost sediments is vulnerable to climate change and may contribute to the future release of greenhouse gases; it is thus important to get a better characterization of the plant organic matter within such sediments. From a Late Quaternary permafrost sediment core from the Buor Khaya Peninsula, we analysed plant-derived sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) to identify the taxonomic composition of plant organic matter, and undertook palynological analysis to assess the environmental conditions during deposition. Using sedaDNA, we identified 154 taxa and from pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs we identified 83 taxa. In the deposits dated between 54 and 51 kyr BP, sedaDNA records a diverse low-centred polygon plant community including recurring aquatic pond vegetation while from the pollen record we infer terrestrial open-land vegetation with relatively dry environmental conditions at a regional scale. A fluctuating dominance of either terrestrial or swamp and aquatic taxa in both proxies allowed the local hydrological development of the polygon to be traced. In deposits dated between 11.4 and 9.7 kyr BP (13.4-11.1 cal kyr BP), sedaDNA shows a taxonomic turnover to moist shrub tundra and a lower taxonomic richness compared to the older samples. Pollen also records a shrub tundra community, mostly seen as changes in relative proportions of the most dominant taxa, while a decrease in taxonomic richness was less pronounced compared to sedaDNA. Our results show the advantages of using sedaDNA in combination with palynological analyses when macrofossils are rarely preserved. The high resolution of the sedaDNA record provides a detailed picture of the taxonomic composition of plant-derived organic matter throughout the core, and palynological analyses prove valuable by allowing for inferences of regional environmental conditions.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 670 
KW  - NE Siberia
KW  - vegetation patterns
KW  - environmental DNA
KW  - Arctic vegetation
KW  - frozen sediments
KW  - lake-sediments
KW  - gas-production
KW  - carbon
KW  - polygon
KW  - climate
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417130
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 670
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Creighton, Andrea L.
A1  - Parsekian, Andrew D.
A1  - Angelopoulos, Michael
A1  - Jones, Benjamin M.
A1  - Bondurant, A.
A1  - Engram, M.
A1  - Lenz, Josefine
A1  - Overduin, Pier Paul
A1  - Grosse, Guido
A1  - Babcock, E.
A1  - Arp, Christopher D.
T1  - Transient Electromagnetic Surveys for the Determination of Talik Depth and Geometry Beneath Thermokarst Lakes
JF  - Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth
N2  - Thermokarst lakes are prevalent in Arctic coastal lowland regions and sublake permafrost degradation and talik development contributes to greenhouse gas emissions by tapping the large permafrost carbon pool. Whereas lateral thermokarst lake expansion is readily apparent through remote sensing and shoreline measurements, sublake thawed sediment conditions and talik growth are difficult to measure. Here we combine transient electromagnetic surveys with thermal modeling, backed up by measured permafrost properties and radiocarbon ages, to reveal closed-talik geometry associated with a thermokarst lake in continuous permafrost. To improve access to talik geometry data, we conducted surveys along three transient electromagnetic transects perpendicular to lakeshores with different decadal-scale expansion rates of 0.16, 0.38, and 0.58m/year. We modeled thermal development of the talik using boundary conditions based on field data from the lake, surrounding permafrost and a borehole, independent of the transient electromagnetics. A talik depth of 91m was determined from analysis of the transient electromagnetic surveys. Using a lake initiation age of 1400years before present and available subsurface properties the results from thermal modeling of the lake center arrived at a best estimate talk depth of 80m, which is on the same order of magnitude as the results from the transient electromagnetic survey. Our approach has provided a noninvasive estimate of talik geometry suitable for comparable settings throughout circum-Arctic coastal lowland regions.
KW  - geophysics
KW  - permafrost
KW  - thermokarst
KW  - electromagnetic
KW  - lake
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016121
SN  - 2169-9313
SN  - 2169-9356
VL  - 123
IS  - 11
SP  - 9310
EP  - 9323
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Irrgang, Anna Maria
A1  - Lantuit, Hugues
A1  - Manson, Gavin K.
A1  - Günther, Frank
A1  - Grosse, Guido
A1  - Overduin, Pier Paul
T1  - Variability in rates of coastal change along the Yukon Coast, 1951 to 2015
JF  - Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface
N2  - To better understand the reaction of Arctic coasts to increasing environmental pressure, coastal changes along a 210-km length of the Yukon Territory coast in north-west Canada were investigated. Shoreline positions were acquired from aerial and satellite images between 1951 and 2011. Shoreline change rates were calculated for multiple time periods along the entire coast and at six key sites. Additionally, Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) measurements of shoreline positions from seven field sites were used to analyze coastal dynamics from 1991 to 2015 at higher spatial resolution. The whole coast has a consistent, spatially averaged mean rate of shoreline change of 0.7 +/- 0.2 m/a with a general trend of decreasing erosion from west to east. Additional data from six key sites shows that the mean shoreline change rate decreased from -1.3 +/- 0.8 (1950s-1970s) to -0.5 +/- 0.6 m/a (1970s-1990s). This was followed by a significant increase in shoreline change to -1.3 +/- 0.3 m/a in the 1990s to 2011. This increase is confirmed by DGPS measurements that indicate increased erosion rates at local rates up to -8.9 m/a since 2006. Ground surveys and observations with remote sensing data indicate that the current rate of shoreline retreat along some parts of the Yukon coast is higher than at any time before in the 64-year-long observation record. Enhanced availability of material in turn might favor the buildup of gravel features, which have been growing in extent throughout the last six decades. Plain Language Summary The Arctic is warming, but the impacts on its coasts are not well documented. To better understand the reaction of Arctic coasts to increasing environmental pressure, shoreline position changes along a 210-km length of the Yukon Territory coast in northwest Canada were investigated for the time period from 1951 to 2015. Shoreline positions were extracted from historical aerial images from the 1950s, 1970s, and 1990s and from satellite images from 2011. Additionally, measurements of shoreline positions from field sites were used to analyze coastal dynamics from 1991 to 2015. The mean shoreline change rate was -1.3 m/a between the 1950s and 1970s and followed by a decrease to -0.5 m/a between the 1970s to 1990s. This was followed by a significant increase in mean shoreline change rates again to -1.3 m/a in the 1990s to 2011 time period. This acceleration in erosion is confirmed by field measurements that indicate increased erosion rates at high local rates up to -8.9 m/a since 2006. Enhanced coastal erosion might, in turn, favor the buildup of gravel features, which have been growing in extent throughout the last six decades.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004326
SN  - 2169-9003
SN  - 2169-9011
VL  - 123
IS  - 4
SP  - 779
EP  - 800
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Angelopoulos, Michael
A1  - Westermann, Sebastian
A1  - Overduin, Pier Paul
A1  - Faguet, Alexey
A1  - Olenchenko, Vladimir
A1  - Grosse, Guido
A1  - Grigoriev, Mikhail N.
T1  - Heat and salt flow in subsea permafrost modeled with CryoGRID2
JF  - Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface
N2  - Thawing of subsea permafrost can impact offshore infrastructure, affect coastal erosion, and release permafrost organic matter. Thawing is usually modeled as the result of heat transfer, although salt diffusion may play an important role in marine settings. To better quantify nearshore subsea permafrost thawing, we applied the CryoGRID2 heat diffusion model and coupled it to a salt diffusion model. We simulated coastline retreat and subsea permafrost evolution as it develops through successive stages of a thawing sequence at the Bykovsky Peninsula, Siberia. Sensitivity analyses for seawater salinity were performed to compare the results for the Bykovsky Peninsula with those of typical Arctic seawater. For the Bykovsky Peninsula, the modeled ice-bearing permafrost table (IBPT) for ice-rich sand and an erosion rate of 0.25m/year was 16.7 m below the seabed 350m offshore. The model outputs were compared to the IBPT depth estimated from coastline retreat and electrical resistivity surveys perpendicular to and crossing the shoreline of the Bykovsky Peninsula. The interpreted geoelectric data suggest that the IBPT dipped to 15-20m below the seabed at 350m offshore. Both results suggest that cold saline water forms beneath grounded ice and floating sea ice in shallow water, causing cryotic benthic temperatures. The freezing point depression produced by salt diffusion can delay or prevent ice formation in the sediment and enhance the IBPT degradation rate. Therefore, salt diffusion may facilitate the release of greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere and considerably affect the design of offshore and coastal infrastructure in subsea permafrost areas.
KW  - subsea permafrost
KW  - salt diffusion
KW  - CryoGRID
KW  - Lena Delta
KW  - Bykovsky Peninsula
KW  - electrical resistivity
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004823
SN  - 2169-9003
SN  - 2169-9011
VL  - 124
IS  - 4
SP  - 920
EP  - 937
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -